B. Paleozoic
Explanation
Rocks were first found and studied in Mesozoic era, era after Cenozoic and before Paleozoic. Rocks of this age was first studied in Paleozoic era. To be specific, Permian period of Paleozoic era was the period where rocks of this age was first studied.
In Devonian and Cambrian period under Paleozoic era, the rocks of this age was also studied. The layers of rock aid in understanding the history of geological events that had occurred.
A particular (blank) is the source of penicillin
fungi.
A particular fungi is the source of penicillin
The particular fungus that is the source of penicillin is of the genus Penicillium. This fungus was discovered by Alexander Fleming and is responsible for producing the antibiotic known as penicillin, which has been vital in treating bacterial infections.
Penicillin is a groundbreaking antibiotic that was discovered in 1928 and has since transformed the treatment of bacterial diseases. The genus Penicillium was observed by Fleming as being effective against bacteria due to the substance it released. This substance was later called penicillin. Notably, penicillin G, a narrow-spectrum antibiotic, contains three major functional groups which are vital for its antibacterial activity. These include the thiazolidine ring, the beta-lactam ring, and a variable side chain. Each of these functional groups comprises two simpler functional groups. For instance, the beta-lactam ring includes an amide bond and a four-membered lactam ring. The discovery and use of penicillin marked a new era in medicine, saving countless lives and highlighting the significance of accidental discoveries in scientific breakthroughs. Penicillin G is normally administered intravenously or intramuscularly and remains an essential treatment option for several bacterial diseases.
each line (unit) on the vertical axis represents:
Each line on the vertical axis of a graph represents a particular value of the dependent variable. The value depends on the scale chosen for the graph.
In graphs, the vertical axis also known as the y-axis, typically represents the dependent variable in a given equation or relationship. Each line or unit on the vertical axis usually corresponds to a particular value or measurement of this variable. For example, in a bar graph illustrating the grades obtained by a group of students, each line in the vertical axis might represent a number of students with certain grades (e.g., 1 line = 5 students, 2 lines = 10 students etc.). The specific value that each line represents depends on the scale chosen for the graph.
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what molecule carries genetic information?
DNA (or deoxyribonucleic acid) is the molecule that carries the genetic information in all cellular forms of life and some viruses. Source-
DNA, Genes and Chromosomes — University of Leicester
www2.le.ac.uk/projects/vgec/highereducation/topics/dna-genes-chromosomes
DNA is the molecule that contains the instructions that determine all the characteristics and functions of an organism, that is, its genetic material.
DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is a polymer essential for life, found inside all cells of living beings and inside most viruses.
It stores all the genetic information of the individual, that is, the instructions for the synthesis of all the proteins that make up an organism.Genes, specific sequences of the nucleotides that make up DNA, also allow their hereditary transmission, something vital for the evolution of life.Therefore, we can conclude that DNA is the molecule in which it is stored the data for the synthesis of proteins andits genetic material, which allow the development and functioning of living organisms.
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What “trait” determines whether two animals belong to the same species?
A. Their physical appearance
B. Their ability to breed with one another
C. Their environment they live in
D. Their evolutionary relationship to humans
Answer:
the right answer should be a
Explanation:
The trait that determines whether two animals belong to the same species is their ability to breed with one another. The correct option is B.
What are traits?Traits are also called characters, which are both, physical traits and internal traits. The traits of the organisms from the same species are also different due to variation.
If the organism can breed and produce fertile offspring, then they can be said to be of the same species.
Thus, option B. Their ability to breed with one another is correct.
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Analogies for Binary fission and conjunction for bacteria growth and reproduction.
Answer:
The both have an exponential increase in the number
Explanation:
In binary fission, when one atom is split, the neutrons produced split more atoms and the more atoms are split, the more neutrons are produced that split more atoms. In bacteria reproduction one (1) bacteria vegetatively reproduces into two (2) bacteria and the two reproduce into four (4) and the four into eight (8) and etcetera.
Which best describes how our understanding of DNA and inherited traits has changed over time
It was developed by many scientists over many decades.
Explanation;DNA is a type of nucleic acid that contains two long, twisted strands, known as double helix, that contain complementary genetic information.A gene is a segment of DNA that is passed down from parents to children and confers a trait to the offspring.The traits an organism displays are ultimately determined by the genes it inherited from its parents, known as genotype.Our understanding of DNA and inherited traits has changed over time since it has been continuously developed by many scientists over may decades.A satellite maintains an orbit equidistant from the earth at all points along its orbital path. How is the satellite affected by the earth's gravity? A. The earth's pull of gravity acting on the comet will be reversed over the path of its orbit. B. The earth's pull of gravity acting on the satellite increases over the path of its orbit. C. The earth's pull of gravity acting on the satellite remains constant over the path of its orbit. D. The earth's pull of gravity acting on the satellite decreases over the path of its orbit.
explain why stratospheric ozone protection has been considered an environmental success story
Answer:
Ozone gas in stratosphere is considered as an environmental success because of its protective role.
Explanation:
Ozone is both hazardous and beneficial gas depending on where it is found. On ground or troposphere it has harmful impact on the health of living organisms and can trigger asthma. On the other hand, Stratospheric ozone protects us from harmful UV radiations that are coming from the Sun. It acts as a sheath around Earth which reflects the unwanted UV radiations back in space,which otherwise would cause various diseases and skin cancer. Ozone hole is the depleted region above in the atmosphere where Ozone has vanished due to several human activities. One of those regions lie above the Antarctic.
Stratospheric ozone protection is hailed as an environmental success story due to the effectiveness of the Montreal Protocol, which led to a decrease in ozone-depleting substances like CFCs and resulted in the gradual recovery of the ozone layer. This showcases the power of global cooperation and policy in resolving environmental challenges and reducing health risks.
Explanation:Stratospheric ozone protection is considered an environmental success story because it showcases successful international cooperation in addressing a serious environmental issue. The Montreal Protocol, an international agreement signed in 1987, aimed to phase out the production and uses of ozone-depleting substances, notably chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). This concerted effort has led to a significant reduction in emissions of CFCs and other harmful chemicals, allowing the ozone layer to begin a slow process of recovery.
The beneficial ozone layer, found in the upper atmosphere, forms a protective shield that absorbs much of the sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation. When scientists discovered that CFCs released into the atmosphere were causing the depletion of this layer, creating the infamous 'ozone hole', global action was triggered. The success is evident in the shrinking size of the ozone hole and the 20% improvement in ozone depletion since 2005. However, constant vigilance and monitoring are still needed as ongoing challenges such as illegal emissions threaten these recovery efforts.
Overall, the protection of the stratospheric ozone is an encouraging example of how global policy can reverse and potentially resolve significant environmental threats. The reduction in skin cancer risks and the positive trajectory of ozone regeneration underscore the importance of maintaining these efforts for future population health and ecological stability.
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Describe the passage of a meal containing bread through your digestive system
Answer:
First, you chew the bread in your mouth which contains complex carbohydrates like starch and cellulose. In your mouth, your salivary glands are specialised cells in glands to produce a carbohydrase enzyme like amylase in your saliva. Amylase partially breaks down carbohydrates like starch which is a big food molecule that cannot be digested. It breaks down into a smaller molecule that can be digested into maltose. This is carried out by a process like the lock and key theory. The enzyme, amylase has an active site where the substrate, in this case being the carbohydrate, binds to the enzyme because it fits the certain shape. The reaction then takes place rapidly as the substrate is catalysed. Products are released from the surface of the enzyme because it breaks up the large molecule into smaller ones and the enzyme is ready to be used again.
The partially broken up food then travels down your gullet and into the stomach where it's lined with millions of glands that produce the enzyme, pepsin and hydrochloric acid. The right pH levels are needed for the enzymes to work best in like pepsin (pepsin breaks down proteins and not carbohydrates) but hydrochloric acid kills bacteria in the food.
Some enzymes that catalyse digestion are made in the pancreas, like amylase. The pancreas secretes the digestive juices onto the food which breaks it down further. Depending on the size and type of meal, the food then leaves your stomach and moves onto the small intestine. As it moves into the small intestine, bile (which is produced in the liver) is squirted onto the food through the bile duct. The bile neutralises the acid that was added to the food by the stomach. This provides the alkaline conditions necessary for the enzymes in the small intestine to work most effectively.
The food then travels through the small intestine where amylase further breaks down the food molecules into smaller, soluble ones which can be absorbed into your bloodstream. The small intestine is adapted to have a very large surface area and is covered in villi. Villi are adapted to have large surface area and are only one cell thick so nutrients only have a short distance to diffuse into the blood. It also has a good blood supply to the blood vessels. This greatly increases diffusion and active transport from the small intestine to the blood.
Finally the muscular walls of the small intestine squeeze the undigested food into the large intestine. water is absorbed from the undigested food into your blood. The material left forms the faeces. Faeces are stored and then pass out of your body through the rectum and anus back into the environment.
Explanation:
Bread mainly contains carbohydrates. Hence, they are converted into monosaccharides for absorption.
How do carbohydrates digests in our bodies?Digestion of carbohydrates starts from the mouth. After chewing and converting into small particles, it gets mixed with the salivary amylase enzyme present in the saliva. Then it reaches the stomach and then the small intestine where pancreatic amylase breaks down carbohydrates into disaccharides.
These disaccharides break down into monosaccharides by enzymes present in intestinal juice, such as sucrase breaking down sucrose into glucose and fructose, and maltase breaking down maltose into glucose. Then it is transferred to the bloodstream through the villi.
Hence, this is how carbohydrates are digested in our bodies.
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Select the correct answer. In a molecule of water, how many electrons are shared between each hydrogen atom and an oxygen atom?
it is o for oxygen because I studied it
Answer:
Two electrons
Explanation:
The oxygen atom shares one pair of valence electrons with each hydrogen atom. Each pair of shared electrons represents one covalent bond, so two covalent bonds hold the water molecule together.
which area has the greatest elevation difference?
a. close to nixon lane
b. in the lowland marsh
c. at the Colorado river
d. near major highway
Answer:
I think the answer would be Nearest the major highway
Explanation:
Near major highway area has the greatest elevation difference.
What is elevation difference?The difference in height, the vertical separation between two places is referred to as the difference in elevation.
Leveling is a fundamental procedure in topographical surveys that measures elevational disparities.
Major highwayMajor Highway refers to a road with such designation on the Highway Plan; it must have four or more traffic lanes and a typical right-of-way of 100 feet.
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how does temperature change from the surface of the earth and into space?
a. falls, rises, falls
b. continually falls
c. rises, falls, rises.
d. continually rises
C it will be c because earth has water
One wave per second is a definition of one
One wave per second is called a Hertz.
One of the first breakthroughs in biotechnology was the discovery of the gene that makes insulin. What was the first step of this process?
A. Scientists used the codon table to find the possible sequence of mRNA
B. Scientists mixed small portions of manufactured DNA with DNA from the pancreas
C. Scientists made DNA to match each possible sequence of mRNA
D. Scientists found the DNA in the pancreas that matched the manufactured DNA
Answer:
The correct answer is option C, that is, scientists made DNA to match each possible sequence of mRNA.
Explanation:
In order to produce insulin, the human insulin-producing gene is extracted from the pancreas cell, after that the probable mRNA sequence for insulin is obtained. The bacterial DNA along with the restriction enzyme is utilized to produce the recombinant DNA of the human insulin-generating gene. The recombinant DNA is then presented into the bacterium, the bacteria comprising recombinant DNA then proliferate to produce human insulin.
Answer:d
Explanation:it’s right
3TC is an antiretroviral treatment used to prevent HIV infection from becoming AIDS. After treatment with 3TC, the HIV population in a patient consists entirely of 3TC-resistant virus particles. What best explain this phenomenon? A) HIV can change its surface proteins through mutations and resist vaccines. B) The patient became re-infected with 3TC-resistant viruses after the initial exposure. C) The drug caused RNA changes to occur, creating a resistance to the once-applicable drug. D) A few drug-resistant viruses were present at the start of treatment and selective pressures increased their frequency.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
3TC is an antiretroviral treatment used to prevent HIV infection from becoming AIDS. After treatment with 3TC, the HIV population in a patient consists entirely of 3TC-resistant virus particles. What best explain this phenomenon?
Answer: D. A few drug-resistant viruses were present at the start of treatment and selective pressures increased their frequency.
Explanation:
Enzymes have a three-dimensional shape that is related to their tanction and makes
reaction are called ______
A. products
B. catalysts.
C. substrates
D. active sites.
ur answer is A. products
Enzymes have a three-dimensional shape that is related to their tanction and makes reaction are called D. active sites.
The correct answer to the question is D. active sites.
Enzymes have a specific three-dimensional shape known as their 3D structure.This specific shape includes an active site, where substrates bind.The active site is a special pocket within the enzyme that fits the substrate like a lock and key.Once the substrate binds to the active site, the enzyme can catalyze the reaction, converting the substrate into products.A wave that carries a large amount of energy will always have a ??
A wave that carries a large amount of energy will have a large amplitude, with its energy being proportional to the amplitude squared. Larger E-fields and B-fields in electromagnetic waves also indicate a greater energy content. High-frequency waves carry more energy compared to low-frequency waves.
A wave that carries a large amount of energy will always have a large amplitude. The energy carried by a wave is proportional to the amplitude squared. This means that a wave with twice the amplitude of another will carry four times as much energy. The energy density of a wave is also affected by the medium it travels through, and the energy flux, which is related to this density, depends on both this energy density and the wave's speed. In the case of electromagnetic waves, for instance, larger E-fields and B-fields indicate higher energy content due to the larger forces they can exert.
High-frequency waves also carry more energy, as demonstrated by waves in the electromagnetic spectrum like X-rays and UV rays, which can penetrate tissues and damage cells due to their higher energy content. This correlates with the concept that energy transfer is higher when the force involved is greater. Consequently, larger waves or waves with higher frequency will always carry more energy than smaller waves or waves with lower frequencies.
what dogs have hypoallergenic coat?
Yorkshire Terrier and the Shi Zu. I have heard
Dogs like the Xoloitzcuintli, which is a hairless breed, have hypoallergenic coats. However, breeds like Labrador Retrievers have dense double coats that can trap allergens. It's always best to spend time with a breed before bringing it home if there's a potential allergy concern.
Explanation:Some dogs have a hypoallergenic coat, which means they are less likely to cause an allergic reaction in people sensitive to dander. For instance, the Xoloitzcuintli, a hairless dog first bred in Mexico, has this type of coat. Its lack of fur reduces dander, a common allergen. However, hypoallergenic does not mean allergen-free; individuals may still react if they are extremely sensitive.
On the other hand, breeds like Labrador Retrievers have dense double coats that can trap dander, making them not ideal for those with allergies.
However, individual reactions can vary greatly, and it's always best to spend time with a breed before bringing it home, particularly if it's being introduced to an allergy-prone household.
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In the food web diagram which TWO organisms are secondary consumers?
Lizard
Grasshopper
Grass
Rabbit
Hawk
Mouse
Snake
Afood webino Grassland Ecosystem with Flve Possible food chain
Hawk, Lizard
Lizard, Snake
Rabbit Shake
Mice and Snakes.
Note that some lizards are secondary consumers and some are primary consumers (ex. Komodo Dragons are primary consumers)
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Maria has B blood type and she married Tony who has A blood type. Neither of them knows if they are homozygous or heterozygous. What are the potential phenotypes of their offspring?
AB,AO,BO are the only blood type these's couples can produce
what characteristics of water is most helpful to fish in a lake
Answer:
D. water is able to hold dissolved oxygen
Explanation:
Dissolved oxygen (DO) can enter water by diffusing across the surface of water from the air, or as a byproduct of photosynthesis by other aquatic organisms like plants and algae. Each aquatic organism, like land-dwellers, has specific oxygen requirements. Fish use DO for the process of respiration, where they obtain oxygen from the surrounding water using their gills. Anoxic conditions, where oxygen levels are low usually result in significant deaths in fish populations.
In what way are the humerus and the femur similar?
A-They both attach their respective limbs to the axial skeleton.
B-they both have similar joints at the end.
C-they both are extremely long and made of compact bone.
D-they both have hollow space is filled with bone generating cells.
E-they both protect vital organs.
A. The humerus and femur are the bones of the appendicular skeletal system.
Answer:
They both attach their respective limbs to the axial skeleton
DNA carries the instructions to make ?
Proteins.
Protein synthesis (process includes transcription and translation):
The DNA sequence is copied (transcribed) by mRNA in the nucleus then translated in ribosomes which will instruct tRNA to collect specific amino acids to bring back to the ribosome by reading 3 letters at once (called codon, and one codon codes for 1 amino acid). Those amino acids will attach to each other and when the sequence codes for stop, it stops, and a protein forms.
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Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the instructions for making proteins. Like DNA, proteins are polymers: long chains assembled from prefab molecular units, which, in the case of proteins, are amino acids. A large molecular machine* called the ribosome translates the mRNA code and assembles the proteins.
Matter is _.
A. The amount of energy contained within an object.
B. A measure of the force gravity exerts on an object.
C. Something that has mass and occupies space.
D. A measure of an object’s initial force.
(I think it’s C? I’m not sure.)
The answer is c, because matter is what everything is made up of
Matter is defined as anything that has mass and occupies space. Matter exists in various forms and can undergo physical and chemical changes.
The correct option is C .
Matter is defined as anything that has mass and occupies space. It includes all substances and objects around us, such as solids, liquids, gases, and even particles like atoms and molecules. Matter can be physically measured, and it is one of the fundamental concepts in physics and chemistry.
Matter exists in various forms and can undergo physical and chemical changes. It is the basic building block of the universe, forming everything we observe in the natural world. Understanding matter is crucial for comprehending the properties and behavior of substances and their interactions in various scientific disciplines.
Hence , C is the correct option
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Why might humans want to influence traits in domestic organisms?
They may want an organism of a certain trait suits a pet or for household security. Therefore will breed the best of these lines for these specific traits. Humans may want a pet to be mild, furry, small, and cute. For security, humans will prefer fierce, big and tenacious traits in an organism.
what is the input and output in photosynthesis?
Inputs- light energy, water and carbon dioxide
Outputs -Oxygen and glucose.
Explanation;Photosynthesis inputs are water, carbon dioxide, and light energy, while the Outputs are Oxygen and glucose.During photosynthesis, plants produce glucose from simple inorganic molecules; carbon dioxide and water, using light energy.The inputs of photosynthesis are light energy, and matter in the form of water absorbed through the roots, and carbon dioxide absorbed through the leaves.The outputs are glucose which is used by the plants to generate energy required to drive cellular processes, and oxygen which is required in cellular respiration.In photosynthesis, water, CO₂ and minerals are the inputs, while oxygen and sugar molecules are the outputs.
Photosynthesis is the conversion of light energy into chemical energy in green plants and certain other organisms.
Green plants utilize light energy during photosynthesis to transform carbon dioxide, water and minerals into oxygen- and energy-rich organic molecules.
The chloroplast in plant cells is where photosynthesis occurs. Along with solar energy, photosynthesis also requires water absorbed through the soil and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as inputs.
Oxygen and sugar molecules are the outputs of the many reactions that have taken place.
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Describe how the method could be developed to find the optimum pH for catalase activity
To find the optimum pH for catalase activity, you can perform a series of experiments with buffers at different pH levels and measure the enzyme activity. Plotting a graph of activity against pH will reveal the optimal pH.
Explanation:To find the optimum pH for catalase activity, you can perform a series of experiments to measure the enzyme activity at different pH levels. Here's how:
Prepare a series of buffers with different pH levels ranging from acidic to basic.Measure the catalase activity by adding a fixed amount of enzyme to each buffer solution and measuring the rate of oxygen release using a gas sensor.Plot a graph of catalase activity against pH to identify the pH at which the enzyme activity is highest.This experiment will help determine the optimal pH for catalase activity, which is important for understanding enzyme function and its applications in various industries.
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The method to find the optimum pH for catalase activity involves testing the enzyme activity at various pH levels and measuring the rate of reaction.
To determine the optimum pH for catalase activity, prepare a series of buffer solutions with different pH values ranging from acidic to basic. Use these buffers to create reaction mixtures containing the same concentration of catalase and its substrate, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂).
Measure the rate of oxygen production, which indicates catalase activity, using a gas syringe or a manometer. Plot the rate of reaction against the pH values. The pH at which the reaction rate is highest is the optimum pH for catalase activity.
Ensure to replicate each experiment to account for any variability and confirm the results for accuracy. This method allows for precise identification of the pH condition where catalase performs most efficiently.
Heat is a form of? what is it?
Heat is a form of energy.
Answer:
heat is the form of energy
By law of conservation of energy
"Energy Neither be created nor be destroyed"
it can only transfer in one form to another form
-TheUnknownScientist
can physiological disease be cured
Therapy can help, but most of the times a physiological disease cannot be cured.
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Please select the word from the list that best fits the definition Is the same size as Earth, has no moons, and has a thick atmosphere of mostly carbon dioxide
Mercy
Mars
Earth
Venus
Answer:
Venus
Explanation:
The solar system has total eight planets. The first four planets are inner planets. They have rocky surface. These are- Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars.
Mercury and Venus do not have moons. Mercury is the smallest planet. Venus has the same size as Earth. It also has a very thick atmosphere which has mostly carbon dioxide.
Mars is smaller in size than Earth and has two moons-Phobos and Deimos.
Thus, the correct answer is Venus.