Voluntary behaviors that produce rewarding or punishing outcomes are called
Operant conditioning is the term used to describe voluntary behaviors that produce rewarding or punishing outcomes. It involves strengthening or weakening behaviors based on the consequences that follow them.
Explanation:Voluntary behaviors that produce rewarding or punishing outcomes are called operant conditioning. Operant conditioning is a form of learning in which behaviors are strengthened or weakened based on the consequences that follow them. These consequences can be positive or negative reinforcement, or positive or negative punishment.
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How did police reformer august vollmer contribute to police professionalism?
In a class lecture, professor hampton emphasized the extent to which abnormal blood chemistry can contribute to psychological disorders. the professor's lecture highlighted a ________ perspective on psychological disorders.
Professor Hampton's lecture on the contribution of abnormal blood chemistry to psychological disorders highlighted the biological perspective. This perspective examines the physiological and genetic factors that influence mental states and behaviors, including neurotransmitters and genetics.
Explanation:The professor's lecture that emphasized the extent to which abnormal blood chemistry can contribute to psychological disorders highlighted a biological perspective on psychological disorders. The biological perspective focuses on the physiological and genetic basis for behavior and how these factors influence an individual's mental state and behavior. It looks at aspects like neurochemistry, brain structure and function, and genetics to understand how these contribute to psychological disorders and shape an individual's experience.
For instance, the biological perspective might examine how imbalances in neurotransmitters like serotonin or dopamine could lead to depression or anxiety disorders. It also takes into consideration how genetics might predispose an individual to certain psychological conditions.
In contrast, other perspectives like the psychodynamic or cognitive approaches might focus on an individual's past experiences or their thought patterns and belief systems when analyzing psychological disorders. Understanding the biological underpinnings, however, provides a fundamental layer from which treatments, including pharmacological interventions, can be devised.
Why might crooks have a different relationship with slim than the other men on the ranch?
Foreign policy actors will often pursue different goals simultaneously because foreign policy connects domestic politics and international relations. for example, leaders:
The factors, exposures, characteristics, and behaviors that determine patterns of disease are described using:
a. descriptive epidemiology
b. analytic epidemiology
c. distribution
d. determinants
The factors, exposures, characteristics, and behaviors that determine patterns of disease are described using 'determinants.' D is correct.
These include genetic, environmental, and behavioral variables that influence disease risk.In the field of epidemiology, determinants are the factors, exposures, characteristics, and behaviors that influence the risk or likelihood of disease. Determinants cover a wide range of variables such as genetic factors, environmental exposures, and behaviors that alter disease risk. Epidemiologists use this information to understand how diseases spread and to identify effective prevention and control strategies.The house begins the impeachment process by doing what
Why was the Great Leap Forward unsuccessful?
Question 8 options:
People refused to move to the larger farms.
People wanted to be able to own land and work for themselves to make a profit.
Chinese farmers did not know how to plant crops on large plots of land.
The Communist government rejected Mao’s idea and the farms were never organized.
Which of the following beliefs was central to Egyptian religion?
the afterlife
the pyramids
the pharaohs
the heavens
The afterlife of the following beliefs was central to Egyptian religion. The correct option is A.
What do Egyptians believe in religion?Over time, monotheistic religions superseded the ancient pagan beliefs that had progressively disappeared. The majority of people in Egypt today are Muslims, with a tiny minority of Jews and Christians.
The Egyptians believed that the afterlife was a continuation of the earthly life, and so they prepared for it meticulously. They believed that the body needed to be preserved through mummification so that the soul could recognize it and reunite with it after death. They also believed that the deceased would need food, clothing, and other necessities in the afterlife, so they buried them with all the items they would need.
Thus, the ideal selection is option A.
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Nancy was recently passed up for promotion. she was told that management was looking for someone who was more aggressive to fill the position. nancy's coworkers were surprised because she has a reputation for "getting things done." nancy later overheard one of the managers saying that he did not believe she was committed to her career since "she was a typical woman." this instance exemplifies the problem of _____ associated with a diverse workforce.
Now in middle childhood, joshua understands that he is better at soccer than his friend, but worse at basketball. this illustrates that social comparison has enabled him to develop a more _____ self-concept.
The voluntary breaking of established laws based on one's moral beliefs is called
Why did Europe become a feudal society
Europe became a feudal society due to the collapse of the Roman Empire, invasions, and the rise of local lords. Feudal relationships were established to provide protection and stability.
Explanation:Europe became a feudal society due to a combination of factors, including the collapse of the Roman Empire, the need for protection during times of invasion and instability, and the rise of powerful local lords.
After the fall of the Roman Empire, Europe was left fragmented and vulnerable to invasions. To protect themselves and their land, people turned to local lords who had the resources to provide security. These lords established feudal relationships with peasants, offering protection in exchange for labor and loyalty.
Feudalism allowed for a hierarchical social structure where power was decentralized and local lords held significant control over their territories. This system provided a sense of stability and security during a period of political and social turmoil.
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A happily married couple might engage in _____ communication behavior, while a unhappily married couple might use _______, a reciprocal pattern of communication
which of the following delegates to the house of representatives is a voting member. district of columbia, guam, new mexico, puerto rico
What trait reflects the tendency to be a masterful, forceful leader who enjoys being the center of attention, and has been found to be strongly associated with genetic factors?
Extraversion is a trait strongly associated with genetic factors that reflects the tendency to be a masterful, forceful leader who enjoys being the center of attention. It is one of the key traits studied in the trait theory of leadership.
Explanation:One trait that reflects the tendency to be a masterful, forceful leader who enjoys being the center of attention and has been found to be strongly associated with genetic factors is extraversion. Extraversion is a personality trait characterized by talkativeness, sociability, enjoying the company of others, and having a dominant style. It is one of the key traits studied in the trait theory of leadership, which suggests that individuals with certain personality traits are more likely to be effective leaders. Other traits associated with leadership include intelligence, adjustment, consciousness, openness to experience, and general self-efficacy.
In some countries, such as sweden and iceland, there is no "math gap" between boys and girls. this is evidence for the _____ explanation of the causes of gender differences.
What does winston decide are the only things that matter? if confession would not be betrayal, what would be? what would this betrayal prove?
The ethnographic method can provide the ability for one to: select one:
a. prove one's own view of the world to others
b. question the beliefs of the culture under study
c. ask embarrassing questions about other cultures
d. question one's own view of the world
A highly skilled practitioner, watkins images of yosemite tended to focus on:
According to the institute of medicine, ___________ is a core function of public health that includes "linking people to needed personal health services and assure the provision of health care when otherwise unavailable."
Syndicates are usually considered a type of ______, thus they are almost always governed by ______ law.
The answer in the first space provided is joint venture while the second space provided is partnership. It is because syndicates are considered to be a joint venture in which the partnership law governs most of the syndicates that are present.
Most individuals develop a clear understanding of their language's structure, as well as a large vocabulary, during _____.
The _____ evolves during individual development when restrictions, mores, and values of society are learned.
The answer is the superego. It is the ethical factor of the character and offers the moral ideals by which the ego functions. The superego’s disapprovals, preventions, and reserves form an individual’s conscience, and its optimistic ambitions and principles signify one’s perfect self-image, or “ego model.”
Personal facts and memories of one's personal history are parts of ___________ memory.
Personal facts and memories of one's personal history are parts of episodic memory, a type of declarative memory involving personal experiences often recounted as a narrative.
Explanation:Personal facts and memories of one's personal history are parts of episodic memory. Episodic memory is a type of declarative memory that contains information about events we have personally experienced, commonly referred to as autobiographical memory. The concept of episodic memory, proposed by Endel Tulving in the 1970s, has evolved to encompass the nuances of our personal memories, centered around the 'what, where, and when' of an individual's experiences. These memories are vivid re-collections that can include visual imagery and emotional responses, effectively recounting one's life story through memory.
Unlike episodic memory, semantic memory is concerned with non-personal knowledge such as facts, concepts, and information related to language. Though these two types of memory are distinct, they often function together enabling individuals to interpret and understand their world.
Roger went to see his doctor with complaints of erectile dysfunction (ed). his doctor has him participate in a sleep disorder study to determine the cause of his ed. the cause of his ed was determined to be psychological. why?
Roger underwent a sleep study for erectile dysfunction which indicated a psychological cause, as erections during sleep suggest physiological functions are intact. Psychological causes like stress and anxiety, rather than physiological factors, are implicated when physical functions are normal, leading to different treatment approaches.
Roger visited his doctor because of complaints about erectile dysfunction (ED). In an attempt to diagnose the cause of his ED, a sleep disorder study was conducted to assess for physiological problems. This test involves a device that detects and records erections that occur during sleep. If the man has erections during sleep, this suggests that the ED is not caused by physiological issues but rather may be psychological in nature.
Possible physiological causes of ED can include aging, kidney failure, and tobacco smoking, while psychological causes may encompass stress and performance anxiety. In cases of psychological ED, treatment may involve therapies aimed at the psychological factors, but in other situations, medical interventions such as medications or surgery might be necessary to enhance blood flow or address physical issues contributing to ED.
When only constitutional amendments are on the ballot in texas, __________ percent of registered voters turn out to vote?
Final answer:
Only about 8.5 percent of registered voters in Texas turn out to vote when only constitutional amendments are on the ballot, which is a much lower turnout compared to other types of elections.
Explanation:
When only constitutional amendments are on the ballot in Texas, it is reported that an average of 8.5 percent of registered voters turn out to vote. This level of participation is significantly lower than that of presidential elections or other types of primary elections. For example, in the 2014 gubernatorial primary, the turnout was about 11.6 percent, while in special constitutional elections, like the one on September 13, 2003, it was not unusual for turnout to be less than five percent of the eligible population.
It is essential for citizens to be aware of low voter turnout in these elections, especially since the amendments can have substantial implications for the state. The low turnout is influenced by factors such as voter registration laws, the complexity of the voting system, and socio-economic barriers. Awareness and understanding the significance can encourage more voter participation in constitutional amendment elections.
In order to observe the influence of environmental factors on alcohol consumption, leila asks participants to come to her laboratory, fill out a questionnaire, and consume alcohol. she finds that over time, fewer and fewer participants show up to take part in the experiment. this decrease in the number of participants in the experiment is called _____.
Asking "what if" questions is an example of an attempt to:
a. make preparational adaptations
b. acknowledge controversy
c. make presentational adaptations
d. analyze diversity
Asking "what if" questions is an example of an attempt to make preparational adaptations.
What are preparational adaptations?This is a way that is used to get people ready to know if there are changes that they may need to adopt.
What if questions are used to get ready for any changes that may need to be adopted in the occassion that a previous plan fails.
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Asking "what if" questions is an example of attempting to make preparational adaptations. Thus, option (a) is correct.
Asking "what if" questions is an example of an attempt to:
Acknowledge controversy: While it can touch on controversial topics, this is not the primary purpose.Analyze diversity: This focuses on understanding the variety within subjects, which is not directly related to the "what if" approach.Make presentational adaptations: This involves adjusting how information is presented.Make preparational adaptations: This is the correct answer, as "what if" questions help in planning and preparing for various scenarios by challenging assumptions and exploring alternatives.Steps to use "what if" questions effectively:
Challenge assumptions: Ask questions to test the validity of your current understanding.Brainstorm alternatives: Consider different scenarios and how they would play out.Prepare for potential outcomes: Use these questions to develop strategies for various possibilities.Enhance critical thinking: Reflect on the implications and consequences of different scenarios.Why is it dangerous to listen to music at excessively loud volumes for extensive periods of time?