Final answer:
In the given reaction, 1 mole of nitrogen reacts with 3 moles of hydrogen to produce 2 moles of ammonia. Given a volume of 520 mL of ammonia, the number of moles of nitrogen required can be calculated using the ideal gas law. The correct answer is 0.0232 mol.
Explanation:
In the given reaction, 1 mole of nitrogen reacts with 3 moles of hydrogen to produce 2 moles of ammonia. From the information provided in the question, the volume of ammonia produced is 520 mL. To calculate the number of moles of nitrogen required, we can use the balanced equation:
1 mole N2 : 3 moles H2 : 2 moles NH3
Therefore, 520 mL of NH3 is equivalent to 520/1000 L = 0.52 L
Using the ideal gas law, we can calculate the number of moles of NH3:
moles = (volume in liters) / (molar volume)
moles = (0.52 L) / (22.4 L/mol) = 0.0232 mol
Therefore, the correct answer is 0.0232 mol.
The correct answer is 0.0116 mol of nitrogen would react with excess hydrogen to produce 520 mL of ammonia.
To solve this problem, we need to use the stoichiometry of the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between nitrogen [tex](N_2)[/tex] and hydrogen [tex](H_2)[/tex] to form ammonia [tex](NH_3)[/tex]. The balanced equation is:
[tex]\[ N_2(g) + 3H_2(g) \rightarrow 2NH_3(g) \][/tex]
From the ideal gas law, we know that:
[tex]\[ PV = nRT \][/tex]
where:
- [tex]\( P \)[/tex] is the pressure,
- [tex]\( V \)[/tex] is the volume,
- [tex]\( n \)[/tex] is the number of moles,
- [tex]\( R \)[/tex] is the ideal gas constant, and
- [tex]\( T \)[/tex] is the temperature in Kelvin.
We can rearrange the ideal gas law to solve for the number of moles [tex]\( n \)[/tex]:
[tex]\[ n = \frac{PV}{RT} \][/tex]
Given that the volume [tex]\( V \)[/tex] of ammonia is 520 mL (or 0.520 L), we need to convert this to liters for the calculation. The pressure [tex]\( P \)[/tex] and temperature [tex]\( T \)[/tex] are not given, so we assume standard temperature and pressure (STP) conditions, where [tex]\( P = 1 \) atm[/tex] and [tex]\( T = 273.15 \) K[/tex]. The value of [tex]\( R \)[/tex], the ideal gas constant, is 0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K).
First, let's calculate the number of moles of ammonia produced:
[tex]\[ n_{NH_3} = \frac{PV}{RT} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ n_{NH_3} = \frac{(1 \text{ atm})(0.520 \text{ L})}{(0.0821 \text{ L.atm/(mol.K)})(273.15 \text{ K})} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ n_{NH_3} = \frac{0.520}{22.41} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ n_{NH_3} \approx 0.0232 \text{ mol} \][/tex]
Now, using the stoichiometry of the balanced equation, we know that 2 moles of [tex]NH_3[/tex] are produced from 1 mole of [tex]N_2[/tex]. Therefore, to find the moles of [tex]N_2[/tex] that reacted, we divide the moles of [tex]NH_3[/tex] by 2:
[tex]\[ n_{N_2} = \frac{n_{NH_3}}{2} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ n_{N_2} = \frac{0.0232 \text{ mol}}{2} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ n_{N_2} = 0.0116 \text{ mol} \][/tex]
Thus, 0.0116 mol of nitrogen would react with excess hydrogen to produce 520 mL of ammonia under STP conditions. This matches option (a) 0.0116 mol.
Determine the number of molecules present in 4.56 mol of nitrogen (n2).
Why is it important in an ideal simple experiment to change only one variable from trial to trial?
In experiments, only one variable is changed at a time to establish a clear cause-and-effect relationship between the changed variable and the observed result. This approach is known as the control method.
Explanation:In an ideal simple experiment, it is important to change only one variable from trial to trial to confirm the resulting impact is solely due to that one specific variable. This is because experiments are conducted to identify the cause-and-effect relationships between variables. Changing only one variable at a time (while keeping others constant) establishes a clear relationship between the changed variable and the observed result. If multiple variables are changed simultaneously, it would be challenging to decipher which variable caused the observed change in results. This approach of changing one variable at a time is also referred to as the control method.
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What mass of agcl is produced by mixing 25.0 ml of 1.00 m agno3 with 25.0 ml of 1.00 m nacl?
Which molecule is less soluble in water--a fat or a phospholipid? why? which molecule is less soluble in water--a fat or a phospholipid? why? a fat molecule is less soluble in water because it has more carbons and hydrogens than a phospholipid. a phospholipid is less soluble in water because it is smaller than a fat molecule. a fat molecule is less soluble in water because it has three non-polar fatty acids and no polar or charged head like a phospholipid has. a phospholipid is less soluble in water because even though it has one end that is hydrophilic, the end that is hydrophobic is larger?
Answer: Option (c) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
A fat is defined as a substance which is highly soluble in organic solvents but it is largely insoluble in water.
These molecules are less soluble in water because it contains three non-polar fatty acids and no polar or charged head like a phospholipid has.
On the other hand, a phospholipid molecule contains a hydrophilic head that is highly soluble in water.
Hence, due to the presence of hydrophilic group a phospholipid is soluble in water.
Thus, we can conclude that a fat molecule is less soluble in water because it has three non-polar fatty acids and no polar or charged head like a phospholipid has.
Consider the burning of gasoline and the evaporation of gasoline. which process represents a chemical change and which represents a physical change?
Chemical and physical changes are characterized by the formation and conversion of the state of matter. The burning of gasoline is chemical and its evaporation is a physical change.
What are physical and chemical changes?Physical change has been defined as the alteration of the physical properties of substances that might include volume, size, shape, density, mass, etc. They are reversible and can be converted back to their original state. The evaporation of gasoline involves the conversion of liquid into gas.
On the other hand, chemical change involves the combination, substitution, and deletion of the atoms of the compound to form an irreversible product. The new product formed has different properties. The burning of gasoline produces carbon dioxide and water.
Therefore, the burning of gasoline is a chemical change, whereas evaporation is a physical change.
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Part a how many milliliters of liquid does the smaller graduated cylinder contain? express your answer in milliliters using the proper number of significant figures.
You can see the volume to the bottom of the meniscus. Upon seeing and reading it all you can say is that it is less than 3.6 mL and more than 3.4 mL. So, from what can I see it is 3.54 mL to the bottom of the meniscus.
Final answer:
The amount of liquid in the smaller graduated cylinder is measured by reading at the bottom of the meniscus, with the value estimated to the nearest tenth of a milliliter. To accurately measure 9.7 mL of water, a graduated cylinder is used, allowing for readings with three significant figures. Significance in measurements is determined by the precision of the measuring device.
Explanation:
To determine how many milliliters of liquid the smaller graduated cylinder contains, one should make a reading at the bottom of the meniscus. When measuring the volume of liquid in a graduated cylinder, you must mentally subdivide the distance between the milliliter marks to estimate the measurement more precisely. If the meniscus falls between the 21 and 22 mL marks, you estimate to the nearest tenth of a milliliter to measure the volume as accurately as possible.
For instance, if you are to deliver 9.7 mL of water, you would use a graduated cylinder with markings adequate to measure to the nearest tenth of a milliliter, allowing you to read the volume with three significant figures. This is because graduated cylinders are typically precise enough to measure small amounts in milliliters with that level of precision.
To convert to milliliters and consider significant figures, remember that when working with measured quantities, like the volume of 22.4 L/mol for molar volume, three significant figures is typically the maximum number of significant figures used. Therefore, when reading a graduated cylinder, always consider the precision of the device to determine the correct number of significant figures to report for your measurement.
All atoms of an element always have the same number of question 4 options: electrons protons electrons neutrons save
How many magnesium atoms are contained in 3.75 moles of magnesium?
If you heat a piece of iron from 50C to 250C. What happens to the particles' energy of random motion?
How much energy is required to heat 32.5 g of water from 34°C to 75°C
Write the complete balanced equation for the reaction that occurs when calcium carbonate (CaCO3) reacts with lithium nitride (Li3N) in an aqueous solution.
Answer: [tex]3CaCO_3(aq)+2Li_3N(aq)\rightarrow Ca_3N_2+3Li_2CO_3[/tex]
Explanation: According to the law of conservation of mass, mass can neither be created nor be destroyed.
The mass of products must be same as that of the mass of reactants. For this the number of atoms of each element must be same on both sides of the arrow. Thus we need to balance the chemical equations.
[tex]3CaCO_3(aq)+2Li_3N(aq)\rightarrow Ca_3N_2+3Li_2CO_3[/tex]
convert 3.8 Km/sec to miles/year
3.8 km/sec is equivalent to approximately 74,649,628.96 miles/year.
3.8 km/sec will be converted to miles/year using the formulas below: Convert km/sec to km/hour in step one.We must multiply km/sec by 3600 (the number of seconds in an hour) in order to translate km/sec to km/hour.3.8 km/sec divided by 3600 equals 13680 km/h.
Step 2: Convert from km/h to mi/h.
We must divide km/hour by 1.609344 (the number of kilometres in a mile) to convert km/hour to miles/hour.8508.856 miles per hour (13680 km/h x 1.609344)3. Convert miles per hour to miles per year.
We must multiply miles/hour by 8760 (the number of hours in a year) in order to convert miles/hour to miles/year.8760 divided by 8508.856 equals 74649628.96 miles per year.3.8 km/sec is therefore comparable to roughly 74,649,628.96 miles per year.
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Brianna wanted to compare the densities of two different solids of the same size 6cm3 (same volume) to see which one was more dense. Solid A had a mass of 2 grams and Solid B had a mass of 0.5 grams. (Density = Mass/volume)
this has to be done in CER form
Answer:
Density of Solid A is greater than B
Explanation:
Given:
Mass of Solid A = 2 g
Mass of solid B = 0.5 g
Volume of both solids = 6 cm3
To determine:
Densities of A and B
Calculation:
Density of a substance is the mass occupied by it in unit volume
[tex]Density = \frac{Mass}{Volume}[/tex]
For Solid A:
[tex]Density = \frac{2\ g}{6\ cm3} =0.33\ g/cm3[/tex]
For Solid B :
[tex]Density = \frac{0.5\ g}{6\ cm3} =0.083\ g/cm3[/tex]
Therefore solid A is more dense than solid B
If a sample of ammonium nitrate yields 0.50 mol h2o, how many moles of n2o are formed
What is the only thing in nature that can be a solid a liquid or a gas?
what are two main forms of energy given off when paper burns and where does the energy come from
What is the basic form of matter which cannot be broken down any further?
In chemistry, the most basic form of matter which can't be broken down further by conventional chemical methods is an element, specifically its atoms. They are represented on the Periodic Table and have a unique number of protons.
Explanation:In the field of Chemistry, the basic form of matter which cannot be further broken down by traditional chemical methods is known as an element. These elements are represented on the periodic table and include things such as Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Iron. An element's atoms all have the same number of protons, and this is what uniquely defines them. Therefore, when you ask about the most basic form of matter that can't be broken down any further, we are talking about these elements, or more specifically, their atoms.
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Water is a polar molecule. this means that __________.
Water is a polar molecule because it has a dipole moment with one end having a slight positive charge and the other a negative charge due to uneven distribution of electron density. This polarity leads to water's unique properties including its solvent capabilities, high boiling point, and its ability to form hydrogen bonds.
Explanation:When we say that water is a polar molecule, it means that it has a dipole moment where one end of the molecule has a slight positive charge and the other end has a slight negative charge. This is due to the uneven distribution of electron density as oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, causing the hydrogen atoms to carry a slight positive charge and the oxygen atom to carry a slight negative charge. This polarity results in water's unique properties such as its ability to dissolve many substances (its solvent capabilities), its high boiling point, and its ability to form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules.
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What is the hybridization of sb in the molecule sbcl52–? antimony (sb) can accept up to twelve electrons?
The valence electron configuration for antimony (Sb) is:
Sb = 5s²5p³5d⁰
In SbCl₅²⁻, antimony has a -2 charge i.e. it has 2 additional electrons
Sb²⁻ = 5s²5p⁵5d⁰
Following a two electron transition from p→d orbital we have:
Sb²⁻ = 5s²5p³5d²
There is a total of 5 unpaired electrons (3 in the p and 2 in the d) which can form five bonds with the 5 Cl atoms.
Thus the hybridisation of Sb in SbCl₅²⁻ is sp³d²
The hybridization of [tex]{\text{SbCl}}_5^{2 - }[/tex] is [tex]\boxed{{\text{s}}{{\text{p}}^3}{{\text{d}}^2}}[/tex]. Antimony (Sb) can accept 12 electrons.
Further Explanation:
Prediction of hybridization:
The hybridization can be determined by calculating the number of hybrid orbitals (X) which is formed by the atom. The formula to calculate the number of hybrid orbitals (X) is as follows:
[tex]\boxed{{\text{X = }}\frac{1}{2}\left[ {{\text{VE}} + {\text{MA}} - c + a} \right]}[/tex]
Where,
VE is a total number of valence electrons of the central atom.MA is total number of monovalent atoms/groups surrounding the central atom.c is the charge on the cation if the given species is a polyatomic cation.a is the charge on the anion if the given species is a polyatomic anion.Note: In MA only monovalent species should be considered and for divalent atoms or groups MA is equal to zero.
Generally, the least electronegative atom is considered as the central atom. Calculate the hybridization as follows:
1. If the value of X is 2 then it means two hybrid orbitals are to be formed and thus the hybridization is sp.
2. If the value of X is 3 then it means three hybrid orbitals are to be formed and thus the hybridization is [tex]s{p^2}[/tex].
3. If the value of X is 4 then it means four hybrid orbitals are to be formed and thus the hybridization is [tex]s{p^3}[/tex].
4. If the value of X is 5 then it means five hybrid orbitals are to be formed and thus the hybridization is [tex]s{p^3}d[/tex].
5. If the value of X is 6 then it means six hybrid orbitals are to be formed and thus the hybridization is [tex]s{p^3}{d^2}[/tex].
The ground state electronic configuration for antimony (Sb) is [tex]\left[ {{\text{Kr}}} \right]{\text{ }}4{d^{10}}5{s^2}5{p^3}[/tex]
Therefore, the valence electrons associated with antimony (Sb) atom are 5.
Since chlorine is a monovalent atom thus the total number of monovalent atoms surrounding the central atom (MA) is 5.
Since the molecule is an anionic species and has -2 charge thus the value of a is 2.
Substitute these values in the above formula.
[tex]\begin{aligned}{\text{X}}&=\frac{1}{2}\left[{{\text{VE}}+{\text{MA}}-c+a}\right]\\&=\frac{1}{2}\left[{{\text{5}}+{\text{5}}-0+2}\right]\\&=\frac{1}{2}\left[{12}\right]\\&=\boxed6\\\end{aligned}[/tex]
Since the value of X is 6, it means 6 hybrid orbitals are to be formed and therefore the hybridization of [tex]{\mathbf{SbCl}}_{\mathbf{5}}^{{\mathbf{2}} - }[/tex] is [tex]{\mathbf{s}}{{\mathbf{p}}^{\mathbf{3}}}{{\mathbf{d}}^{\mathbf{2}}}[/tex].
The formula to calculate total number of valence electrons of [tex]{\mathbf{SbCl}}_{\mathbf{5}}^{{\mathbf{2}} - }[/tex] is as follows:
Total valence electrons= [(1) (Valence electrons of Sb) + (5) (Valence electrons of Cl) + Negative charge]
[tex]\begin{aligned} {\text{Total valence electrons}}\left({{\text{TVE}}}\right)&=\left[{\left({\text{1}}\right)\left({\text{5}}\right)+\left({\text{5}}\right)\left({\text{7}}\right)+\left(2\right)}\right]\\&=42\\\end{aligned}[/tex]
According to the Lewis structure of [tex]{\text{SbCl}}_{\text{5}}^{2 - }[/tex] ( refer to the image attached) central atom, Sb has an expanded valence shell in which 12 electrons are present. Therefore, Antimony (Sb) can accept 12 electrons.
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Answer details:
Grade: Senior School
Subject: Chemistry
Chapter: Covalent bonding and molecular structure
Keywords: Hybridization, antimony, geometry, sp3d2, steric number, 6,d orbital, SbCl52-, Lewis structure, hybridization of SbCl52-, central atom, chlorine, shape, d2sp3, total valence charge.
A bond created from the sharing of electrons between two atoms is a(an) ______ bond.
Which of these best describes a scientific law..? 1. A rule made by a government 2. A rule that does not depend on observable evidence 3. A statement which varies under the same conditions 4. A statement about how things act in the natraul world
A scientific law is a concise statement describing how the things act in natural world. The scientific laws are universal and and not falsifiable up to greater extend. Hence, option 4 is correct.
What are scientific laws?Scientific laws are scientific statements that describes a natural phenomenon or how nature works under a set of conditions. Unlike theories scientific laws are very concise and clear cut statement without more explanations.
Scientific laws are universal and must be in a harmony in between other laws. They can be proved by scientific experiments but cannot be falsifiable up to an extend.
A scientific law can be represented by a simple mathematical expression or a sentence. They clearly states how things act on the natural world. They are should be forwarded by observable evidence and scientific experiments. Hence, option 4 is correct.
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Draw an atom including a nucleus and five energy levels that electrons could occupy
An atom of boron contains five electrons. The first shell is filled with 2 electrons and the second shell will hold the remaining 3 electrons. The fifth electron will occupy a 2p orbital.
Explanation:An atom of boron with atomic number 5 contains five electrons. The first shell, n = 1, is filled with 2 electrons, and the second shell, n = 2, can hold up to 8 electrons. Since boron only has 5 electrons, 3 electrons will occupy the n = 2 shell. The fifth electron will then occupy the next energy level, which is a 2p orbital.
There are three degenerate 2p orbitals with magnetic quantum numbers m₁ = −1, 0, +1. The electron can occupy any one of these p orbitals. When drawing an orbital diagram, we include empty boxes to represent the p orbitals in the same subshell that we are filling.
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Scientific notation is used to express large numbers in convenient form true or false
Hydrogen has three naturally occurring isotopes which figure into the average atomic mass found on the periodic table (1.00974): hydrogen-1, hydrogen-2, and hydrogen-3. Which would you guess is most abundant? Explain your answer
The most abundant isotope of hydrogen is hydrogen-1, also known as protium, which accounts for over 99.98% of naturally occurring hydrogen, because its mass is closest to hydrogen's average atomic mass on the periodic table.
Explanation:The most abundant isotope of hydrogen is hydrogen-1 (protium, 1H), which has one proton and no neutrons. This abundance is reflected in the atomic mass of hydrogen on the periodic table, which is approximately 1.008 amu. Since hydrogen-1 is closest to this average atomic mass, it is the most prevalent isotope. Protium represents over 99.98% of naturally occurring hydrogen. In contrast, hydrogen-2 (deuterium, 2H) with one neutron, and hydrogen-3 (tritium, 3H) with two neutrons, are much rarer. Deuterium occurs about 1 in every 10,000 hydrogen atoms, and tritium is even more scarce and is radioactive.
What is the difference between carbon 12 and carbon 14 in terms of abundance, stability, and structure?
A solution of 34% nacl is separated by a semipermeable membrane to a solution of 22% glucose. the membrane is only permeable to water. which direction will the net osmosis occur?
Consider the reaction of magnesium metal with hydrochloric acid to produce magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas. if 3.38 mol of magnesium and 3.38 mol of hydrochloric acid are reacted, how many grams of magnesium chloride are produced?
Answer: The mass of magnesium chloride produced in the given reaction is 16.09 grams.
Explanation:
We are given:
Moles of magnesium = 3.38 mol
Moles of hydrochloric acid = 3.38 mol
The chemical equation for the reaction of magnesium and hydrochloric acid follows:
[tex]Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2[/tex]
By Stoichiometry of the reaction:
2 moles of hydrochloric acid reacts with 1 mole of magnesium.
So, 3.38 moles of hydrochloric acid will react with = [tex]\frac{1}{2}\times 3.38=1.69mol[/tex] of magnesium.
As, given amount of magnesium is more than the required amount. So, it is considered as an excess reagent.
Thus, hydrochloric acid is considered as a limiting reagent because it limits the formation of product.
By Stoichiometry of the reaction:
2 moles of hydrochloric acid is producing 1 mole of magnesium chloride.
So, 3.38 moles of hydrochloric acid will react with = [tex]\frac{1}{2}\times 3.38=0.169moles[/tex] of magnesium chloride.
Now, calculating the mass of magnesium chloride by using equation:
[tex]\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}[/tex]
Molar mass of magnesium chloride = 95.21 g/mol
Moles of magnesium chloride = 0.169 moles
Putting values in above equation, we get:
[tex]0.169mol=\frac{\text{Mass of magnesium chloride}}{95.21g/mol}\\\\\text{Mass of magnesium chloride}=16.09g[/tex]
Hence, the mass of magnesium chloride produced in the given reaction is 16.09 grams.
What term describes a substance that is made when two or more different atoms bond together in a certain ratio?
Answer:
compond
Explanation:
When magnesium (mg) metal is placed in hydrochloric acid (hcl), it forms magnesium chloride (mgcl2) and a gas. what gas is formed in this reaction?
The density of Jell-O® is 1.56 g/cm3. A suite in a dorm can hold 6.35 × 107 g of Jell-O®. What is the volume of the suite in ft3? [2.54 cm = 1 in, 12 in = 1 ft]