The answer is: c. classical conditioning
In a classical conditioning, a certain behavior is learned by associating a certain stimulus with either positive or negative response.
For examples, let's say that every time the pets heard the sound electric can opener, the pets would immediately receive their food from their owners.
In the long run, the pets would associate the sound of the electric opener with the positive reward (in the form of food). This make the pets become most likely to experience biological response (such as watering mouth) every time they hear the electric opener.
What is a key distinction between classical conditioning and operant conditioning?
Classical conditioning associates two stimuli and operant condition associates behavior with its consequence. This is the main difference between these two types of conditioning.
An example of classical conditioning is having an upset stomach every time you eat chocolate. There may be an association of having an upset stomach if chocolate is being eaten. Operant conditioning is a method of learning through a series of rewards and punishments.
The distinction between classical and operant conditioning revolves around the type of behaviors associated and how they are learned. Classical conditioning involves learning through association of two stimuli, whereas operant conditioning involves learning a voluntary behavior and its consequences.
Explanation:The primary difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning lies in the type of behaviors they relate to and how these behaviors are learned. In classical conditioning, an organism learns to form an association between two stimuli that have repeatedly occurred together. For instance, a dog learning to salivate at the sound of a bell because it has been repeatedly paired with food.
On the other hand, operant conditioning involves an organism learning to associate a voluntary behavior with its consequences. In other words, if the behavior is followed by a reward, the behavior is likely to be repeated. Conversely, if the behavior is followed by punishment, it is likely to be avoided in the future. For example, a dog learning to sit on command because it has been rewarded with a treat.
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One of the first instances when the “not guilty by reason of insanity” defenses was used involved which defendant?
Ed Gein
Daniel M’Naughten
Andrea Yates
Gabriel Tarde
One of the first instances when the “not guilty by reason of insanity” defenses was used involved the following defendant:
Daniel M’Naughten
M’Naughten was put on trial in 1843 on charges of murder for killing the Prime Minister’s secretary Edward Drummond (it is believed that he thought Drummond was the Prime Minister). This case established the “M’Naughten Rules” in law that pertain to the insanity defense.
Answer:
Daniel M’Naughten
Explanation:
Which of the following perspectives is most appropriate for a research sociologist to use?
a. microsociologyb. macrosociologyc. neither macro nor microsociologyd. both macro and microsociology, depending upon the situation
Answer:
Microsociology
What do we know about enrolling children in preschools before they begin formal schooling (which usually takes place at around 5 or 6 years of age)? Children who attended any preschools before they began formal schooling were better off cognitively and socially compared to children who stayed at home. Children who stayed at home before they began formal schooling show better emotional and cognitive competencies compared to children who went to preschools, even if these were high quality preschools. Preschool education has no cognitive benefits for children. Children who attended preschool before they began formal schooling were better off cognitively and socially compared to children who stayed at home.
We know the following about enrolling children in preschools before they begin formal schooling (which usually takes place at around 5 or 6 years of age):
Children who attended preschool before they began formal schooling were better off cognitively and socially compared to children who stayed at home.
Hannah was embarrassed when her friends teased her about dancing on a table on Friday night. She tried to tell her friends that she really is quite introverted and shy. Her friends observed that Hannah does not appear shy when she is out on a weekend evening. Which of the following statements is most applicable in understand Hannah's personality? Hannah's personality is a unique psychological makeup that consistently influences behavior within a certain environmental situation. Although behavior will be consistent within consistent environments, it does not have to be consistent between environments. Personality is a hypothetical construct that grows stronger with age. Hannah will likely be extroverted for the rest of her life. Personality is a set of consistent traits that do not change from one environment to the next. Either Hannah or her friends are wrong in their observations. Hannah's behavior on a weekend night is due to Freudian problems with her superego.
Answer:
The correct answer is the first one: Hannah's personality is a unique psychological makeup that consistently influences behavior within a certain environmental situation. Although behavior will be consistent within consistent environments, it does not have to be consistent between environments.
Explanation:f
Meaning, that a person's behaviour is determined, most likely, by their personality in specific situation. Yet, personalities' schemes are not constrictive: human personalities have the capacity to adapt to different environments according to different stimulus, wether interior or external. Hannah's personality proposes a tendency that makes up a framework, yet it does not apply to Friday night- situations. The fact that Hannah behaves shy in certain environments does not mean she will be shy in all environments.
Tina and her parents live on a farm where field mice are very common. one night, a mouse crawled on tina while she was sleeping. the experience frightened tina so badly that she now avoids any situation where she might come across a mouse. she always checks her bed carefully each night. tina is most likely exhibiting behaviors related to
Answer:
Tina is most likely exhibiting behaviors related to "an animal-type phobia".
Explanation:
Animal- type phobia can sometimes refer to zoophobia (fear or phobia of all animals), someone suffer from zoophobia or animal-type phobia when someone has fear of some specific type of animal, like many people have fear of dogs and in this case Tina has fear of mouse. These type of phobia can be treated.
Tina's behaviors of avoidance and nightly bed checks after a mouse crawled on her during sleep suggest that she is experiencing a phobia, an irrational and intense fear of mice, impacting her daily routine.
Explanation:Tina is most likely exhibiting behaviors related to phobia. After the frightening experience of having a mouse crawl on her while sleeping, she developed an intense fear of encountering mice again, which leads to her behavior of checking her bed every night. This avoidance and checking behavior is similar to Frank who fears mice and frequently checks under his bed for their presence. A phobia is an irrational fear that can lead individuals to avoid certain situations. Janet's extreme fear of spiders and the negative influence on her life illustrate a similar case of this psychological condition.
Why does the government impose excise taxes?
There are two reasons for this.
1. To discourage the sales of certain products
For example, the government impose a really high tax for cigarettes and gasoline. Both of these products tend to create damages to the environment and the health of the people who use them. Because of this, the government impose a high taxes in order to make the price become more expensive
2, To increase government budget.
The taxes that citizens pay to the government would be allocated to the budget that the government can use to fund their programs (such as infrastructure building, grants, health benefits, military , etc).
The government imposes excise taxes to discourage consumption of harmful goods and to fund related services. These taxes are regressive since lower-income individuals spend a larger proportion of their income on taxed goods, feeling a heavier burden.
Explanation:The government imposes excise taxes for a variety of reasons. Excise taxes on products such as cigarettes, alcohol, and gasoline serve multiple purposes. They are often employed to discourage the consumption of demerit goods, which are products deemed harmful to society and individuals, like tobacco and alcoholic beverages. Additionally, excise taxes can function as benefits-received taxes, where the revenue is earmarked for related services. For example, gasoline taxes are typically used to fund the construction and maintenance of highways, meaning those who pay the tax directly benefit from the infrastructure.
Excise taxes are often considered regressive, which means they take a larger percentage of income from low-income individuals than from high-income earners. This happens because lower-income families tend to spend a higher proportion of their income on goods that are taxed, such as tobacco and alcohol, thus feeling the burden of the tax more acutely than higher-income families.
Feminists argue that gender matters because:
a. it is the basis of sex role theory.
b. it structures social relations between people.
c. it emphasizes natural differences that exist between men and women.
d. there are roles for which men are better suited and other roles for which women are better suited.
Feminists maintain that gender matters because it structures social relations. It informs power distribution and affects all facets of life. Other options suggest biological determinism, which feminists generally discourage.
Explanation:Feminists argue that gender matters because it significantly structures social relations between people. This perspective emphasizes that gender is not merely about personal identity; it's a complex social structure informing the distribution of power. For instance, it influences social, economic, and political relations, thereby implicating every aspect of life. Choices a, c and d are less favored by feminists because they tend to imply a biological determinism or essentialism, which restricts genders to specific roles based on their physiological differences.
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Feminists argue that gender matters primarily because it shapes and structures social relations between people, leading to systemic inequalities based on gender roles. This affects personal relationships, opportunities, and careers, creating patterns of dominance, privilege, and oppression.
Explanation:Feminists argue that gender matters predominantly because it structures social relations between people (option b). Essentially, gender role expectations shape our interactions, rights, and opportunities within society, creating patterns of dominance and submission, privilege and oppression. These gender roles can affect everything from personal relationships to career paths, and can result in systemic inequalities between men and women. To give an example, the traditional gender role may place men in positions of authority while often relegating women to subordinate positions, leading to unequal power dynamics and structural sexism.
The other options like it being the basis of sex role theory or there are roles for which men and better suited and vice versa (options a and d) are parts of the broader perspective but not the main reason why feminists believe gender matters. The emphasis on natural differences between men and women (option c) is more of a biological argument, and not necessarily the feminist approach, which focuses more on social and cultural aspects rather than natural differences.
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How can the recent discovery of oil in Africa (Country of Chad) affect the African economy, in the future?
(Hi! So, I want to check my answer with someone else's. Can you help me out and answer this one?)
The recent discovery of oil in Africa (Country of Chad) can affect the African economy, especially in Chad, in the future through the process of exporting oil to developed countries who import the resource and reducing the amount of imported oil from other countries. These actions have a major effect on the economy of a country and can help stabilize the economy or create trade deficits depending on the extent of each action and the choices of the country’s political leaders.
The discovery of oil in Chad has the potential to boost the country's income and finance development, but it also risks corruption, conflict, and economic instability due to reliance on a single export commodity. Global market fluctuations, political changes, and the rise of alternative energy sources will impact oil prices and market dynamics.
The recent discovery of oil in Chad could significantly impact the African economy in various ways. Fundamentally, the influx of oil revenue can provide a substantial boost to Chad's national income and can finance improvements in infrastructure and social services if managed properly. However, there are risks associated with such discoveries, as seen in other developing countries with oil resources.
Oil wealth has historically led to authoritarian rule, corruption, and conflict in some nations. A high dependency on oil exports also exposes economies to global market fluctuations, like the revenue losses experienced by North African and Southwest Asian countries in 2015 due to low oil prices. Moreover, the phenomenon known as the Dutch disease can cause other economic sectors to suffer and lead to a lack of diversified economic development.
Additionally, shifts in global energy demand or political changes, such as the discovery of new oil fields or increased production in non-OPEC countries, can affect oil prices. If the international political climate suggests that oil prices will rise, owners may withhold oil for future sale, thereby reducing current supply and increasing demand. Conversely, developments in alternative energy sources or new inventions utilizing oil can lead to changes in oil consumption and market dynamics.
Please help me... im stuck
How did nominating conventions make government more democratic?
Replaced caucuses, Which were made up from members of the Congress.
The person who answered first is right sorry I can’t remember their username
Which would be the BEST reference source to use to find the meaning of the word ?
If you were a Supreme Court justice assigned to a civil liberties case, what would you decide?
I would condemn socialism.
If I was a Supreme Court justice assigned to a civil liberties case, I would decide against unjust restrictions and discrimination.
Explanation:A Supreme Court judge has the highest ranking in judicial branch. The judge of Supreme Court writes the annual reporting to the Congress on the state of the federal court.
As a Supreme Court judge, it would be my duty to pass judgment in favor of what is lawful and also what righteously suits the case. It would also be my responsibility to see that I give a decision that orders to compensate the one whom had been subjected to the injustice.
How can a reader tell from the selection that jack london was a student of naturalism? buck does not understand about snow. the name of the ship is the narwhal. when buck loses his dinner to another dog, he is not offered any more food. the dogs and people are on a ship going to a cold environment?
Answer:
when buck loses his dinner to another dog, he is not offered any more food
Explanation:
In writing, naturalism refers to a genre that is focused on how harsh environment shape human character through heavy struggles.
Writers who use this type of genre would often depict a situation when the characters experience some sort of hardship that deliver a strong emotional blow them, which make them felt helpless and attract reader's sympathy. This can be seen in the scene when Buck loses his dinner to another dog, he is not offered any more food
Which of these is the BEST example of a person who is an entrepreneur?
An entrepreneur is a person who starts a new business and usually risks his own money to start the venture. Examples of well-known entrepreneurs include Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, Mark Zuckerberg, Pierre Omidyar, Arianna Huffington and Caterina Fake.
Answer:
C
Explanation:
David's parents have noticed that he is wearing clothes that have the marijuana leaf symbol and he has a collection of beer cans in his room. they have overheard david joking with his friends about drugs, but when they try to talk to david about drugs, he becomes angry and leaves the room. david's behavior indicates that he has a problem with drugs or alcohol primarily because of his
Counterconditioning techniques were derived from principles first developed by
A) Ivan Pavlov.
B) Carl Rogers.
C) B. F. Skinner.
D) Sigmund Freud.
The answer is: A. Ivan Pavlov
Pavlov was the researcher who first popularized the classical conditioning (where a certain conditioned response is created by associating a certain situation with a conditioned stimulus)
Counterconditioning was developed in order to reverse or reduce the effete of classical conditioning (usually carried out by enforcing positive reinforcement to the subjects)
Counterconditioning techniques originated from the classical conditioning principles developed by Ivan Pavlov, emphasizing observable behaviors in learning processes.
Explanation:Counterconditioning techniques were derived from principles first developed by Ivan Pavlov. Pavlov is renowned for his research on the digestive system of dogs, which led to his discovery of the learning process now called classical conditioning. Through his experiments, he showed how a reflex, such as salivation in response to food, could come to be triggered by a previously neutral stimulus after being associated with the food stimulus repeatedly. Classical conditioning forms an essential component of behaviorism, a psychological approach focused on studying observable behavior rather than internal mental processes.
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Which of the following sequences best reflects the order in which memory processes occur from first to last?a. encoding ïƒ storage ïƒ retrievalb. b. storage ïƒ retrieval ïƒ encodingc. c. encoding ïƒ retrieval ïƒ storaged. d. storage ïƒ encoding ïƒ retrieval
The following sequences best reflects the order in which memory processes occur from first to last?
a. encoding - storage - retrieval
The memory begins with the process of encoding (perception of the stimuli is recorded), then continues with the storage of the the stimuli and information, the process ends with the retrieval of the stored information.
The order of memory processes from first to last is encoding, storage, and retrieval. Encoding is getting information into our memory system, storage is retaining this information, and retrieval is getting information out of storage and into conscious awareness.
Explanation:The question relates to the three basic functions of memory: encoding, storing, and retrieving information. The correct sequence of these processes, from first to last, is as follows: a. Encoding -> Storage -> Retrieval.
Encoding is the initial process of getting information into our memory system, such as focusing our attention on it and recognizing it. This can occur through automatic or effortful processing.
Storage is the next step that involves maintaining or keeping this information over time. This could be for a period of a few seconds or even permanently, as in long-term memory.
Finally, Retrieval is the process of getting information out of storage and into conscious awareness. This occurs through recall, recognition, and relearning. The Atkinson-Shiffrin model of memory highlights these steps: sensory stimuli are paid attention to (encoding), lead to short-term memory, and, with rehearsal, move into long-term memory for permanent storage (storage), before being recalled again into awareness (retrieval)
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A defendant engaging in an ultrahazardous activity is almost always liable for any harm that results.
True
False
Nine-month-old will sees a rabbit in the yard. he then looks at his father and tries to direct his dad's focus toward the rabbit by pointing at it while it hops around. will's behavior illustrates the process of ____ as an indicator of an emerging self-awareness.
Visions(not sure tho)
In the accommodation reached with Buddhism, which of the following is an area with which Shinto normally deals?
fertility and birth
afterlife
philosophy
I believe it is afterlife
Final answer:
Shintoism in Japan typically deals with fertility and birth.
Explanation:
In the accommodation reached with Buddhism, the area with which Shinto normally deals is fertility and birth.
Shintoism, the indigenous religion of Japan, includes a veneration of ancestors and the divine forces of nature. This religion recognizes spirits known as kami that exist in plants, animals, rocks, and places. Fertility and birth are important aspects of life that Shintoism addresses, as they are connected to the natural world and the cycle of life.
The definition "'official' means a person appointed or elected to office" is an example of:
Answer: a "definition by genus and difference" .
_______________________________________________
Note : If the answer choices are:
_______________________________________________
a) a precising difference ;
b) a synonymous difference ;
c) a stipulative difference ;
d) a definition by subclass ;
e) a definition by genus and difference .
________________________________________________
Then, the correct answer is:
________________________________________________
→ a " definition by genus and difference " .
________________________________________________
Hope this helps!
Best wishes in your academic endeavors
— and within the "Brainly" community!
________________________________________________
Answer: A
Explanation:
At this height, the Ottoman Empire extended
Your Answer should be C and brainliest would do me well thanks
➷ It would be option A
✽➶ Hope This Helps You!
➶ Good Luck (:
➶ Have A Great Day ^-^
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Adam Sears is an assembly line employee with Swenson Motors. Though Adam is popular among his supervisors and colleagues, Adam experiences low morale and lack of motivation. He feels frustrated that his job is restricted to fixing nuts and bolts on the car parts. He fears that he has no chances of advancing in his career as he cannot completely assemble a car. Which of the following is true with regard to Adam?
A) Adam's job has high task complexity.
B) Adam's job has a high span of control.
C) Adam's job has low role definition.
D) Adam's job has low task identity.
E) Adam's job has high task significance.
The following is true with regard to Adam:
D) Adam's job has low task identity.
Task identity is the amount of a job being "complete" from beginning to end, with a visible or tangible outcome. This is in opposition to just a portion of the task being done. Adam is frustrated that his job does not completely assemble cars and only plays a small part through fixing nuts and bolts.
V The flooding in watersheds can be best prevented by______________________. A) fertilizer runoff B) urban development C) deforestation of vegetation D) native plants with deep roots The flooding in watersheds can be best prevented by______________________. A) fertilizer runoff B) urban development C) deforestation of vegetation D) native plants with deep roots
The correct answer is D) native plants with deep roots. The roots break the hard pan in the soil thus water infiltrates into the ground. Stagnant water on the surface is thus drained into the lower levels of the soil profile.
Answer:
The correct option that could fill the blank is:
D) Native plants with deep roots.
- The flooding in watersheds can be best prevented by native plants with deep roots.
Explanation:
The hydrographic basins, being an area which is drained by a natural system, is constantly exposed to possible flooding if, during the course of the water body, you do not find enough vegetation that helps in two fundamental aspects:
It reduces erosive capacity by the water body or the wind, preventing the collapse of the edge and the consequent flooding of the land. In the case of native plants with deep roots, it allows a greater grip of the land and allows the absorption of water and its gradual delivery, which not only prevents possible flooding, but also prevents absolute drought in summer.Freud emphasized that the id operates on the ________ principle. A) self-transcendence B) false consensus C) identity D) pleasure
In Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory of personality, the pleasure principle is the driving force of the id that seeks immediate gratification of all needs, wants, and urges. So, your answer is D.) pleasure
Freud emphasized that the id operates on the pleasure principle.
Explanation:The id is the part of our personality that consists of our most primitive drives or urges, including impulses for hunger, thirst, and sex. According to Freud, the id seeks immediate gratification and operates on the principle of seeking pleasure.
Hence the correct answer is pleasure
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Which disciple was replaced by Matthias just before Pentecost?
Judas
Jude
Nathanael
Thomas
your answer would be judas
__________ is a gesture of respect shown by the president to senators from the home state where a judicial vacancy occurs.
"Senatorial courtesy" is a gesture of respect shown by the president to senators from the home state where a judicial vacancy occurs.
Senatorial courtesy permits senators of a proposed candidate's home state to object to the chosen one in light of the fact that the person may "personally obnoxious", or for comparative reasons. It is normal that the various senators support the contradicting congressperson's choice to veto the designation, to get a similar courtesy consequently. Senators practice this courtesy with the solid conviction that a similar support will be come back to them if the need ever emerges.
In Nigeria, people can open their own businesses, choose their careers and job paths, and can purchase a wide array of consumer goods. However, the national government institutes tariffs on imported goods, has a significant share in the oil industry, and regulates much of the country's industry. Based on this description, Nigeria could BEST be categorized as a ___ economy.
Nigeria would be a MIXED MARKET economy. The government has some control, but for the most part the people/ business owners have the control.
Answer:
C) more Market than Command Economy
Explanation:
This description puts Nigeria in an area of more Market than Command Economy on such a continuum. Technically, you could call Nigeria a "Mixed" economy- as you could most in the world.
What happens if no presidential candidate gets 270 electoral votes?
If no presidential candidate gets 270 electoral votes, the House of Representatives decides who will be the next president.
This has happened in the US before, during the election of 1824. In this race, John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson, and Henry Clay ran for president. None of them got enough electoral college votes to become president. Even though Andrew Jackson got the most electoral college votes out of all the nominees, the House of Representatives picked John Quincy Adams to become America's next president.
A(n) _____ includes two or more different attributes or issues in the same question, but responses allow respondents to comment on only a single issue.
Double-Barreled Question