A mutation that prevents the expression of aurka in a normal cell would likely disrupt proper mitosis, leading to issues like aneuploidy. This can trigger cell cycle arrest or apoptosis, but may also prevent cancer if other cell cycle checkpoints are functional.
To predict the effect of a mutation that prevents the expression of aurka on a normal cell, we need to consider the role of AURKA (Aurora kinase A) in cell division. AURKA is necessary for proper mitotic progression, including the alignment and separation of chromosomes during metaphase and anaphase. If AURKA expression is inhibited, it would likely lead to problems with mitosis.
AURKA acts as a key regulatory protein during cell division, ensuring that cells correctly duplicate and segregate their chromosomes. Without this regulation, it is possible that cells could undergo faulty cell division, leading to aneuploidy, where cells have an abnormal number of chromosomes. This can cause cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, or potentially lead to tumorigenesis if other checkpoints fail.
However, in a noncancerous cell, the inactivation of AURKA may activate DNA damage responses or cell cycle checkpoints that prevent the cell from dividing, and thereby reduce the risk of cancer development.
5. A species that has a high rate of long-distance dispersal is more likely to colonize new habitat. But that species may also be less likely to adapt to local conditions, because migration will be stronger than local selection pressures for many loci. In light of those considerations, when do you expect that increasing dispersal might result in the evolution of a larger geographic range, and when might it not?
Answer:
When migrating, the species must adapt to the new arrival sites and each place will have different conditions and special requirements to mate.
On the other hand, if the geographical area is the one that changes, the species will also undergo changes, when the species has long-distance migrations, the final result will not have significant variation, because there are no accumulations of place of variation, so when these changes occur evolution occurs and the most successful species have the best adaptations
Increased dispersal facilitates the expansion of a species' geographic range but may hinder adaptation to local conditions. Species with strong dispersal mechanisms, such as dandelion seeds or mobile animals, are more likely to spread and occupy new areas. Human activities can further influence species dispersal by creating new pathways for colonization or by causing habitat fragmentation.
A species with a high rate of long-distance dispersal is more likely to colonize new habitats, which can lead to an expanded geographic range. However, if migration is stronger than local selection pressures, the species may be less adaptable to local conditions. Increasing dispersal assists in the evolution of a larger geographic range when environments across this range are somewhat similar or when adaptation to highly specific local conditions is less critical for survival. Conversely, in cases where local adaptation is crucial and environments are highly variable, high dispersal rates may not necessarily lead to range expansion, as these species may not well adapt to the wide variety of conditions.
Species with poor dispersal abilities may be at risk of extinction if they cannot move to more suitable habitats when faced with environmental changes. On the other hand, species with greater dispersal mechanisms, like dandelion seeds or mobile animals, are better equipped to spread and occupy new areas, potentially leading to speciation if gene flow is interrupted. This process is affected further by human activities that facilitate the spread of species, either deliberately, like in the case of aquaculture, or inadvertently, through global commerce and recreation.
Finally, the impact of management practices on habitat fragmentation and the ability of species to migrate between habitats must be considered from an organismal perspective. Landscape fragmentation poses significant barriers to species with limited dispersal capabilities, whereas species with higher dispersal abilities may be able to overcome these challenges more successfully.
Which statements about cellular respiration are true? Choose
more than one answer.
Breathing and cellular respiration are unrelated
Cellular respiration is a vital component of the respiratory
system
Individual cells carry out cellular respiration
Cellular respiration is a continuous process
The main purpose of cellular respiration is to create new
cells
An elephant's cells undergo cellular respiration
Following are the true statements about cellular respiration :
Cellular respiration is a vital component of the respiratory system.
Individual cells carry out respiration.
Cellular respiration is a continuous process.
An elephant's cells undergo cellular respiration.
Cellular respiration :Cellular respiration is the process that occurs in every cells (in the mitochondria) of plants and animals to break down sugars in the presence of oxygen that is derived from the breathing process to release energy in the form of ATP.
This process releases carbon dioxide and water as waste products that is exhaled by lungs.
From the above statement, it can be concluded that breathing and cellular respiration are related to each other.
Also each and every cell carry out cellular respiration to get ATP and carry out the normal function.
This fundamental process occurs in plant and animas ( includes elephant).
The purpose of cellular respiration is to get energy in the form of ATP to carry out essential functions of the living cells.
Hence this concludes the correct and incorrect options for cellular respiration.
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True statements about cellular respiration confirm that individual cells carry out the process, it's continuous, and all living things, including elephants, undergo it.
Explanation:When considering which statements about cellular respiration are true, let's clarify some key points. Cellular respiration is the metabolic process happening inside cells where glucose breaks down with oxygen to produce energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), water, and carbon dioxide.
Individual cells carry out cellular respiration - This is true as every cell in an organism needs energy from ATP to perform various functions.Cellular respiration is a continuous process - This is true because cells consistently require energy to maintain homeostasis and support life-sustaining reactions.An elephant's cells undergo cellular respiration - This is also true. Like all living organisms, an elephant's cells perform cellular respiration to meet their energy needs.Statements that cellular respiration is a vital component of the respiratory system and that the main purpose is to create new cells are misleading. The respiratory system's role is to provide the oxygen required for cellular respiration and remove carbon dioxide, which is a product of this process. Moreover, the main purpose of cellular respiration is energy production, not the creation of new cells.
Breathing and cellular respiration, while related due to the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide), are not the same. Systemic respiration involves breathing and gas exchange in the lungs, while cellular respiration happens at a cellular level, transforming glucose and oxygen into energy.
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Compare and contrast a high pressure and a low pressure system.
Answer:
High pressure systems entail sinking air, while lows entail rising air. High pressure systems form where air converges in the higher levels of the atmosphere. The converging air has nowhere to go and is forced to sink toward the ground. ... In contrast, low pressure systems form where air near the ground converges.
Explanation:
Hope this helps :)
For your post you must choose one example of how your chosen primate species communicates. Name the species and and give one example. You must describe one way that your species communicates (There are many things that are considered communication such as gestures, vocalizations etc.) You must explain what your species communicates (e.g. hunger, fear etc.) You must also explain how communication increases fitness within the species that you choose. In your answer make sure you explain what fitness means. Clearly explain how your chosen mode of communication would enhances fitness within your chosen species.
Answer:
Explanation:
Lets take an example of human primates -they communicate in a diverse way in their life cycle using gesture ,posture ,vocals ,expressions etc . The the humans are in their infant stage they cry when they feel hunger . No one teaches them to do so these are naturally done by then through natural instincts .They expresses their anger by making sounds . As we grow up we use all of our sense organ to communicate with the organisms and the environment . We uses verbal as well as non verbal communication depending upon the need . Human primates uses diverse ways to communicate ,visual expressions and gestures also speak alot .
communication increases fitness within the species as they talk about their need . Through communication only relationships and interactions established among primate. This can be used to communicate information among members of a troop that can increase the fitness of a collective group . As we know that as a community we share responsibilities ,so if the communication is strong life expectancy increases in many primates (such as monkey , tigers and dears ) .
Throughout the reflection, make sure you have a copy of the Student Guide and your data tables Complete the
paragraph by using the drop down menus
in this lab, you determined the relative ages of rock layers using the principles of relative dating The
says that a rock layer found closer to Earth's surface is
Ma rock layer that is deeper in Earth's surface. The
states that intrusions are
the rock layer they cut across. You also determined the absolute ages
of rock layers using al
The data you gathered helped you identify an unknown fossil
Answer: 1st one: Law of superposition
2nd one : younger than
3rd one : principal of cross - cutting relationships
4th one : younger than
5th one : mass spectrometer
Explanation:
i just did the quiz
Answer:Answer: 1st one: Law of superposition
2nd one : younger than
3rd one : principal of cross - cutting relationships
4th one : younger than
5th one : mass spectrometer
Explanation:
41. The part of the neuron that directs electrical impulses away from the cell body is the?
Dendrite or axon?
Answer:
trrguguggucuucuvvucu cubic err dust mg stub
6. What benefits does the muscular system provide, other than just helping you to move?
The muscular system helps in maintaining posture, regulating body temperature, aiding circulation and supporting involuntary movements like heartbeats and digestive processes.
One significant benefit is maintaining posture and body position, as muscles continuously adjust to keep our trunk erect whether we are sitting or standing. Additionally, muscles play a vital role in regulating body temperature through the generation of heat during muscle contractions. Another important function involves aiding in circulation, particularly through the contraction of cardiac muscles which pump blood throughout the body. Lastly, muscles are involved in various involuntary functions like the heartbeat in the circulatory system and peristaltic waves in the digestive system.
Throughout the Earth's history, there have been long periods of time when glaciers and ice sheets cover large parts of the Earth. What are these periods called?
Answer:
Ice Ages
Explanation:
It might be too obvious to be the right answer but that's all I can think of.
External respiration includes expelling co, from cells in the body.
True or false?
Answer:
False
Explanation:
External respiration includes expelling CO2 from the cells. The absorption of oxygen into individual cells is part of respiration. Air entering the lungs is filtered through the pharynx. The lungs contain elastic muscle tissue to permit inhalation.
If Avery had observed transformation using only the extracts containing degraded DNA, degraded RNA, and degraded protein, but NOT the extract containing degraded polysaccharides, he would have concluded that _______. View Available Hint(s) If Avery had observed transformation using only the extracts containing degraded DNA, degraded RNA, and degraded protein, but NOT the extract containing degraded polysaccharides, he would have concluded that _______. polysaccharides are the genetic material RNA is the genetic material the preparations were contaminated mice with diets rich in polysaccharides are resistant to bacterial infection
Answer:
polysaccharides are the genetic material
Explanation:
It can be concluded that through multiple experiments, such as those of Griffith and Avery, the first one observed the transformation when a destructive bacterial gene is transferred to a harmless one, it will modify it, the second one shows that DNA is not the only responsible for make this change happen, since I experiment with multiple substances, including degraded polysaccharides, finding that the latter were the ones that generated the change.
Explaining the causes of ocean currents What factor causes surface ocean currents
During the year the beetles reached carrying capacity, a flood in the region decreased the population to about 77 beetles per hectare. What is the total estimated population of the beetles after this disaster? What percentage of the carrying capacity is the population now?
Answer:
After the flood the total number of beetles = number of beetles per hectare × 115 hectares = 8,855 beetles.
The carrying capacity is 14,600 beetles.
The current percentage of the carrying capacity is 60.6%.
Explanation:
thats the sample answer on Edmentum
Carrying capacity is the number of organisms supported and held by the region without degradation. The total estimated population of the beetles after the flood will be 14,600 beetles and the percentage will be 60.6%.
What is carrying capacity?Carrying capacity is the maximum population reached and sustained by an organism by unfavorable and limited resources like water, food, and habitat.
It is an important factor as the increase in the maximum size of the population can harm and degrade the environment and is determined by the water, food, and space availability.
After the flood, the total number of beetles = number of beetles per hectare (77) × 115 hectares = 8,855 beetles
The carrying capacity will be, 14,600 beetles and the percentage will be,
(8855 ÷ 14600) × 100 = 60.65 %
Therefore, 60.65 % is the carrying capacity percentage of the beetles after the flood.
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Your question is incomplete, but most probably your full question was, that A scientist is studying the population of a particular species of beetle in an ecosystem. The beetles currently have an estimated population of 11,500 individuals on a wildlife preserve of 115 hectares. (One hectare is equal to 2.47 acres of land.)
During the year the beetles reached carrying capacity, a flood in the region decreased the population to about 77 beetles per hectare. What is the total estimated population of the beetles after this disaster? What percentage of the carrying capacity is the population now?
Which are functions of a mammal’s nervous system? Check all that apply. learning and memory gas exchange movement and coordination information processing blood circulation
Answer:
A C D
Explanation:
i just did it ong
Answer
coordinates movement
receives information about the environment
learn and remember
Explanation:
54:04
Which statement best explains why water is essential for all living things?
Water makes up 65% of human beings.
Water is an essential component of blood
Water covers 75% of Earth's surface.
Water is necessary for cellular functions
Answer:
D. Water is necessary for cellular functions.
Explanation:
The question was 'Which statement best explains why water is essential for all living things', not humans or the Earth specifically.
Answer: the answer is .D , Water is necessary for cellular functions.
Explanation:
on edg
If a field population started with 50% standard (YY) plants and 50% yellow-green (yy) plants, how would you expect the frequencies of the two alleles (Y and y) to change in future generations? Base this answer on your conclusion in question 3. Note: Exact frequencies are not needed to answer this question, but in relative terms, what changes, if any, do you expect with allele frequencies.
The future frequencies of Y and y alleles will depend on factors like natural selection, genetic drift, mutation, and migration, leading to dynamic changes in allele frequencies over generations.
Given the initial population with 50% standard (YY) plants and 50% yellow-green (yy) plants, the future frequencies of the two alleles (Y and y) will be influenced by factors such as natural selection, genetic drift, mutation, and migration. Without specific details on these factors, we can make some general predictions based on population genetics principles.
If the standard (YY) plants have a selective advantage in the environment, natural selection may favor their reproduction, leading to an increase in the frequency of the Y allele over generations. Conversely, if the yellow-green (yy) plants possess an advantageous trait, the frequency of the y allele may increase.
Genetic drift, which involves random changes in allele frequencies due to chance events, could also play a role, especially in smaller populations. This might result in fluctuations in allele frequencies over time.
Mutations introduce new alleles into a population. If a mutation occurs favoring one allele over the other, it could impact the overall allele frequencies.
Migration of individuals into or out of the population can introduce new alleles or remove existing ones, influencing the allele frequencies.
In summary, the future frequencies of the Y and y alleles will be dynamic and depend on the interplay of evolutionary forces such as natural selection, genetic drift, mutation, and migration within the population.
From a protein assay, you determine that your sample of purified protein contains 3 mg protein/mL. You need to prepare a sample for SDS-PAGE. The final volume of the sample for SDS-PAGE should be 24μL and the final concentration of sample buffer in the SDS-PAGE sample should be 1X. You would like to load a total of 15μg of your purified protein on the gel. Determine the volume of the purified protein, volume of 6X sample buffer, and volume of water needed to prepare a sample for SDS-PAGE (recall final volume should be 24μL).
Answer: 0.12 μL of purified protein, 4 μL of a 6X sample buffer, 19.88 μL of water.
Explanation:
The law of conservation of mass is used to solve this problem. It indicates that mass is neither created nor destroyed, it is only transformed. In a chemical reaction the sum of the mass of the reagents is equal to the sum of the mass of the products. It can be written as:
Concentration 1 x Volume 1 = Concentration 2 x Volume 2
1= initial values
2= final values
The concentration of the protein is 3mg/mL, we need to load a total of
15 μg/mL (0.015 mg/mL), and we know the final volume should be 24μL. So we calculate this as:
3mg/mL x Volume 1 = 0.015 mg/mL x 24 μL
Volume 1 = 0.12 μL.
This means, we should use 0.12 μL of te solution that contains 3 mg of proteins/mL.
The same equation is used to calculate the amount of sample buffer which is 6 times concentrated (6X)
6X x Volume 1 = 1X x 24 μL
Volume 1 = 4 μL,
This means, we should use 4 μL of a 6X sample buffer.
So far we have 0.12 μL of protein + 4 μL of sample buffer. Since the final volume is 24 μL, we must add a quantity of water in order to reach that final volume.
24 μL - 0.12 μL - 4 μL = 19.88 μL of water,
Which of the following best compares the rules of the reproductive Stuctures found an angiosperm
Answer: The correct answer would be A
The male stamens hold the pollen, the female pistil holds the ovule, and the petals attract pollinators.
Explanation:
The neural pathway represents the nerves that connect the sense organs to the brain what happens along the neural pathway when the eye sees apple
Answer:
The visual cortex in the brain processes the signals to create the perception of vision.
Explanation:
Hope this helps.
The visual cortex while the mind processes the alerts to create the notion of vision, whilst the eyes sees the apple.
The Ophthalmic nerve is responsible for the actions of eyes, ophthalmic nerve is accountable for the neural pathway connection.
Neural pathwaysNeural pathways are the companies of nerve fibers which bring records among the numerous elements of valuable frightened system.Neural pathway is the connection formed by axons that projects from neurons to make synapses onto neurons in another location , to enable a signal to be sent from one region of the nervous system to the another.Neurons are connected by the axons or by the bundle of axons known as nerve tract.
Thus, the visual cortex creates the alert to creates the perception through the eye after seeing the apple.
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You are studying a population of snapdragon plants on Membata Island. In snapdragons, the dominant allele CR encodes red flowers and the recessive allele CW encodes white flowers. Plants with a heterozygous CRCW genotype have pink flowers. You have counted 10,000 snapdragon plants on Membata Island. You have recorded that 9025 plants have red flowers, 950 plants have pink flowers, and 25 plants have white flowers. If this population is at a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what are the values of p and q in this population
Answer:
we will know that the allelic frequencies are for R 0.95 and r 0.05
Explanation:
We know that the population is in Hardy-Winberg equilibrium, we deduce the following formula:
p + q = 1
p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
data
R: red flower allele
r: allele blor blanca
p would be equal to the allelic frequency R
q will be equal to the frequency allelic r
2p = RR
2q = rr
2pq = Rr
If there are 25 white flowers in 1000 plants, their frequency will be:
2pq frequency of the Rr genotype
white flower = 25/10000 = 0.0025 = rr = 2q = 0.0025
we deduce that q is equal to 0.05
we replace the data with the previous formula
p + q = 1
p = 1-0.05
we get as a result
p = 0.95
if p = 0.95 and q = 0.05
we will know that the allelic frequencies are for R 0.95 and r 0.05
Answer:
p = 0.95, q = 0.05
Explanation:
dominant allele CR encodes red flowers = p
the recessive allele CW encodes white flowers = q
Plants with a heterozygous CRCW genotype have pink flowers = 2pq
There are 10,000 snapdragon plants on Membata Island. 9025 plants have red flowers, 950 plants have pink flowers, and 25 plants have white flowers.
To find p = (9025 + 950/2) / 10000 = (9025 + 475) / 10000
p = 0.95
TO find q, use this formular: p+q = 1 since p = 0.95
q = 1-0.95 = 0.05
In peas the flower color and pollen length genes are very close together on the same chromosome. Purple flowers (P are dominant to white (p), and long pollen (L) is dominant to short pollen (l). A true breeding variety of peas with purple flowers and short pollen is crossed to a true breeding variety with white flowers and long pollen. The F1 plants are then self-crossed to produce an F2 generation.
Required:
a. What is the genotype and phenotype of the F1 generation?
b. What proportion of the F2 will have purple flowers with long pollen?
c. What proportion will have white flowers and short pollen?
Answer:
Explanation:
Purple flowers (P are dominant to white (p), and long pollen (L) is dominant to short pollen (l).
A true breeding variety of peas with purple flowers and short pollen is crossed to a true breeding variety with white flowers and long pollen.
Parent genotype PPll x ppLL
F1 genotype will be PpLl
self crossing of F1 PpLl x PpLl
b. What proportion of the F2 will have purple flowers with long pollen?
Pp x Pp = 3/4 purple flowers, 1/4 white flowers
Ll x Ll = 3/4 long pollen, 1/4 short pollen
Thus answer is 3/4 x 3/4 = 9/16 purple flowers with long pollen
c. What proportion will have white flowers and short pollen?
thus, answer is 1/4 white flowers x 1/4 short pollen = 1/16.
Louisa is playing pool with a friend from school. She strikes the cue ball and watches as it travels across the table and impacts another pool ball. What happens to the energy as one pool ball strikes another?
Some energy is transferred to the other ball, and some energy is released as sound.
Some energy is transferred to the felt on the table, and some energy changes to thermal energy.
Some energy is transferred to the other ball, and some energy is destroyed.
Some energy increases as the electrons in one ball collide with the electrons in the other ball.
Answer:
Option A
Explanation:
As we all know, energy can never be created . Also it can never be destroyed. However, it can only be changed from one form to the other. In this case, when a pool ball is striked by a stick, the kinetic energy of stick is transferred to the ball along with release of sound. Sound is just another form of energy.
Now, when this ball strikes other balls, the same process is repeated i.e the ball strikes another ball and passes on its kinetic energy along with release of sound energy. Every time sound is released, the amount of kinetic energy transferring from one body to other reduces.
Option A is correct
Identify the mechanism discussed below.
Answer:
Sorry, I don't see what your question is about.
Answer:
1) gene flow
2) natural selection
3) mutation
4) genetic drift
Explanation:
just did it!!
PLZ HELP NOW 50 POINTS 3 QUESTIONS ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS
also sorry i accidentally picked biology i meant English all questions come from this poem
1. What extraordinary power does the narrator attribute to the “wind-bird” in this poem?
Question 1 options:
a)
The ability to tuck its glittering beak in a white wing
b)
To control the winds blowing from the north
c)
To sing while it builds its nest
d)
To summon the clouds from the north
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Which excerpt below is an example of a simile?
Question 2 options:
a)
“white clouds…begin to fall into the world below like stars"
b)
“that has turned itself into snow”
c)
“all the singing is in the tops of the trees”
d)
“But his big, round music, after all, is too breathy to last.”
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
“Like any of us he wants to go to sleep…” is an example of which literary technique?
Question 3 options:
a)
Metonymy
b)
Alliteration
c)
Personification
d)
Imagery
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. What magical events happen from stanzas six through nine of this poem? Be sure to describe the events completely.
It cannot open the file
The application of evolutionary theory to the debate over modern origins focuses on which process of evolution? A. natural selection B gene flow C genetic drift D mutation
Answer:
D) mutation
Explanation:
The Theory of evolution was given by Charles Darwin in 1859 which suggested that Evolution is the result of the natural selection is the mechanism of evolution.
At the time of Darwin, the DNA and genes were not discovered but only the idea began to come into existence by Mendel.
Later the scientist merged Evolution and Mendel's Theory of inheritance and found that the natural selection takes place at the level of DNA and genes. This theory is known as the modern synthesis Theory. The natural selection takes place due to mutations in the gene which refers to the change in the sequence of DNA due to many factors. These mutations are then selected by nature based on the environment.
Thus, Option-D is the correct answer.
Why do bacteria produce toxins
Answer:
Microbial toxin. Microbial toxins are toxins produced by micro-organisms, including bacteria and fungi. Microbial toxins promote infection and disease by directly damaging host tissues and by disabling the immune system. Some bacterial toxins, such as Botulinum neurotoxins, are the most potent natural toxins known.
Explanation:
Bacteria produce toxins mainly for survival - by gaining an advantage over other organisms in the competition for resources or as a defence mechanism against threats. These toxins are typically harmful proteins that can impair or even kill other cells, aiding the bacteria's growth and survival.
Explanation:Bacteria are a type of microorganism that can produce materials known as toxins. These toxins are typically proteins that are harmful to other organisms. They do this for several reasons, primarily for survival.
These toxins give bacteria an advantage by helping them compete with other organisms for resources. They can impair or kill other cells, giving the bacteria more room to grow and multiply. Some toxins even directly provide nutrients to the bacteria, enabling them to survive in hostile environments.
Other bacteria produce toxins as a defensive mechanism. For example, when the human body's immune system tries to fight off an invading bacterial infection, some bacteria emit toxins to kill the body's defensive cells, helping the bacteria survive and continue to spread.
So, in summary, bacteria produce toxins mainly for survival by creating an advantage over other organisms or as a defense against threats.
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A chef sprays antimicrobial cleaner on her counter top. At the first, the bacteria population declines significantly. However, even though she continues to spray in following weeks, the number of bacteria begins to increase again. Why did this happen? After the application of antimicrobial spray, the bacteria needed to adapt by developing antimicrobial spray-resistant traits. Some bacteria had traits that allowed them to survive the initial antimicrobial application. They produced offspring also carrying those traits. The antimicrobial compound caused a mutation for resistance to it. This trait increased in the population over time. The bacteria that tried hardest to become resistant left more offspring, who were also resistant.
Answer:
Bacteria that carried the traits for antimicrobial resistance were able to pass on the trait to their offspring
Explanation:
Populations of organisms that are able to be resistant to pesticides have acquired this due to the ability to properly breakdown the chemicals or package it and discard of it effectively.
Bacteria populations typically multiply very quickly and many mutations arise. Some of these mutations are fortunate adaptations to the very agent that is meant to kill them. These mutants that are able to survive antimicrobial treatment will be able to pass these on to their prodigy.
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As part of a cancer research project, you have discovered a gene that is mutated in many metastatic tumors. After determining the DNA sequence of this gene, you compare the sequence with those of other genes in the human genome sequence database. Your gene appears to code for an amino acid sequence that resembles sequences found in some serine proteases. Conjecture how your new gene might contribute to the development of highly invasive cancers. Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences.
Answer:
encouraged
protecting
lower
reduced
higher
promoting
1. Proteases in general and serine proteases specifically are considered tumor-promoting_______ agents because they degrade proteins, especially those in the extracellular matrix. When such proteolysis occurs, cellular invasion and metastasis are__encouraged______ . Consistent with this observation are numerous observations that metastatic tumor cells are associated with ____higher____ than normal amounts of protease expression. Inhibitors of serine proteases are often tested for their anticancer efficacy.
Final answer:
A gene mutated in many metastatic tumors and coding for an amino acid sequence resembling serine proteases can contribute to the development of highly invasive cancers through promoting cell migration and invasion, disrupting signaling pathways, and interfering with apoptosis.
Explanation:
The gene that is mutated in many metastatic tumors and codes for an amino acid sequence resembling serine proteases can contribute to the development of highly invasive cancers through various mechanisms. One possibility is that the mutated gene could produce a protein that promotes cell migration and invasion, leading to the spread of cancer cells to other parts of the body. Additionally, the mutated protein might disrupt normal signaling pathways that regulate cell growth and division, allowing cancer cells to proliferate uncontrollably. Furthermore, the mutated protein could interfere with apoptosis, the process of programmed cell death, which normally helps to eliminate abnormal cells.
The iris in the human eye contracts and expands, controlling the amount of light that reaches the retina. What types of muscle control this?
Answer:
smooth muscles.
Explanation:
these involve the action of dilation and contraction, dilation increases the size of the pupil and allows for more light to make it to the retina, while contraction is opposite.
Answer:
Smooth and Involuntary
Explanation:
I've taken the test
Imagine you do a version of the Beadle-Tatum experiment in which you attempt to test the one-gene, one-enzyme hypothesis, but using the pathway of synthesis of amino acid Q from X (below). The reactions, in order, are catalyzed by enzymes E1-E5. X is always present in cells, and cells need Q to grow. pathway You identify a mutant strain that doesn't grow in normal medium, but does grow in medium supplemented with Q, indicating that it has a defect in one or more enzymes in this pathway. This strain is also able to grow if you supplement the medium with Y. Which enzymes can you say with certainty are still functional (i.e. not disrupted by the mutation)
Answer:
They would be the enzymes that assimilate the presence of Q to generate a metabolism that encourages growth.
And also those that are X-forming, which is what is always present in cells.
Explanation:
Therefore, all the enzymes that assimilate the amino acid Q continue to function.
In simple words, in this situation, amino acid Q went from being a non-essential amino acid (because it was manufactured in-house) to being an essential amino acid (which, if or if, must be administered by the medium due to lack of own production in order to generate growth) .
Robert and Susan are married and have 2 children, one son and one daughter. The children have different hair colors and eye colors. Which of the following statements explains these
differences in the children?
A) The environment affects these children before their birth
B) Hormone changes in a pregnant woman's body cause traits to develop differently in fertilized egg
C) Sexual reproduction produces fertilized egg that has a unique genetic make-up
D) There is a lack of variation in the genes of the parent's sex cells
The varying physical traits, such as hair and eye color, in Robert and Susan's children are due to the unique combination of genetic information from each parent through sexual reproduction. The differences are attributed to the distinct set of alleles each child inherits, not environmental factors or epigenetic influences in this context.
Explanation:The differences in hair and eye color between Robert and Susan's children can be explained by the unique genetic makeup that results from sexual reproduction. Each child inherits 50% of their genes from each parent, giving them a combination of traits that can result in varying hair and eye colors. The correct statement is C) Sexual reproduction produces fertilized egg that has a unique genetic make-up.
During sexual reproduction, the egg and the sperm each contribute 23 chromosomes, which contain DNA sequences known as genes. These genes have variations referred to as alleles, determining different traits, such as hair color and eye color. As siblings receive a different combination of alleles, this accounts for the varied physical appearance between them, despite having the same parents.
While environmental factors and epigenetics can influence the expression of certain traits, the primary reason for the differences between the children's hair and eye colors is their unique genetic composition derived from their parents' reproductive cells.
Final answer:
The differences in hair and eye colors in Robert and Susan's children are due to the unique genetic make-up resulting from sexual reproduction. Each child inherits a mix of alleles from their parents, leading to individual expression of traits.
Explanation:
When it comes to explaining why Robert and Susan's children have different hair colors and eye colors, sexual reproduction is the key factor. Sexual reproduction results in a fertilized egg that has a unique combination of genetic make-up from both parents. Since humans reproduce sexually, each child inherits a distinctive set of genes, comprising 50% from the mother and 50% from the father. The variance in traits like hair and eye color arises from different combinations of the alleles (versions of genes) inherited from each parent.
Each parent contributes one allele for every gene to their offspring. These alleles can be the same or different between siblings, which is why brothers and sisters may not have the same eye or hair color, even though they have the same parents. The fertility process also involves the healthy functioning of the parents' reproductive systems, including hormone regulation to produce and release gametes correctly.
Therefore, the correct answer to the question is (C) Sexual reproduction produces fertilized egg that has a unique genetic make-up.