The operation described in this case can be described as a proactive investigation.
Explanation:
In addition to information about an alleged criminal activity gathered by intelligence-gathering or through witness reports, proactive investigation is carried out. There's no imminent threat to witnesses in these circumstances, which means investigators don't need to immediately respond.
The famous instance is terrorism or terror attack where the terrorist enters the region with full strategy by generating some motive to devastate an area, but immediately the police or military individuals start investigating on receiving even any doubtful news regarding the same.
Final answer:
The operation before the 2004 Republican convention involved undercover officers infiltrating activist groups to report on their activities, which can be described as covert surveillance.
Explanation:
Prior to the 2004 Republican convention in New York, undercover officers infiltrated activist groups that they believed might cause problems during the convention. Officers attended meetings, made friends, signed petitions, and then reported on the groups' activities to supervisors. The operation described in this case can be described as covert surveillance. This involves the use of infiltrators (covert agents who become members of the target group) or the use of informants (existing group members who are paid or threatened in order to extract information) to monitor and report on the activities of a group without their knowledge. Covert surveillance is a diffused form of surveillance that may include the accumulation, storage, and analysis of individual and group information through various means such as internet monitoring, mail openings, and other mass-surveillance techniques.
Tamara is deathly afraid of coming in contact with germs. So, her therapist gradually exposes Tamara to "unclean" things, such as touching dirt or taking a bite of an unwashed piece of fruit, while in a calm, relaxed, and supportive environment. This technique is known as:______.
a. systematic desensitization.
b. vicarious conditioning.
c. spontaneous recovery.
d. modeling.
Answer:
a. systematic desensitization
Explanation:
Systematic desensitization is basically a type of behavioural therapy that is largely based on the principle of classical conditioning.
It is a behavioural therapy that have its focus on removing phobia, fear and anxiety. It achieves this by replacing the fear response of a phobia with relaxing counter condition to the phobia.
It's main application is in the treatment of fear, anxiety disorders and phobias. To make use if this method, the person is first engaged in some type of relaxation exercise and gradually he will be exposed to an anxiety-producing stimulus, like an object or place.
Tamara's phobia is contracting germs, her therapist gradually exposing her to touch diets within a relaxed environment is a classical example of systematic desensitization.
Dr. David Sherman of the National Skin Cancer Society reports that tanning salons pose a serious risk for skin cancer. Therefore, we should consider legislation to regulate the tanning industry.
a False dichotomy.
b. No fallacy.
c. Appeal to the people.
d. Appeal to unqualified authority.
e. False cause.
Answer:
No fallacy
Explanation:
Fallacies are the mistaken beliefs that are unsound arguments. These fallacies are logically incorrect. These are undermining the logical arguments of validity. There are several fallacies.
These fallacies are here:
To appeal the authority The appeal of the ignorance Appeal to the pity False dilemma Slippery slopeThere is some common error in reasoning. Dr. David Sherman of the national skin cancer society reports that to tanned the salon posed a serious risk factor. Thus no fallacy legislation should be considered.
Relationships with family, friends, and community far outweigh money or things. Which of the following indicators would most likely use the statement above as a justification for its measurements? A. Walt Rostow's Modernization Model B. the Genuine Progress Indicator C. the Gross Happiness Index
The indicator- Gross Happiness Index would most likely use the statement given as a justification for its measurements.
Option: C
Explanation:
Gross happiness index established to measure persons and families collective happiness status, mental health status and well being. When a person is more prioritizing his families’ happiness rather than the materialisitic thing that person's family's happiness index would touch the peak point.
According to psychologist every person should spend more quality time with their family and friends rather than looking for money or high class living which has no mental or emotional connection with a person’s well being.
In the context of reinforcement theory, with _____, consequences follow a behavior after different times, some shorter and some longer, that vary around a specified average time.
Answer:
Variable interval
Explanation:
In a variable interval, the researcher will not give the reinforcement on a regular schedule.
The purpose of this type of reinforcement is to condition the subjects to adopt a certain behavior even after the reinforcement is taken away in the future.
Example:
Let's say you want to teach your son to put away his toy after he's done playing it.
In order to encourage him, you give him his favorite candy as soon as he's putting away his toy, but you do not give the candy every time he does it. Sometimes you give it, sometimes you don't.
When this happen, your son will start to develop an understanding that there is always a possibility for candy every time he put away his toy.
This will make him more likely to put the toy away and wouldn't sulk even after he does not receive the candy.
Which is one reason that sociologist cite to explain why men and women are delaying marriage until their mid-to-late twenties?
Answer:
1. Many young people place education and career higher than marriage on their list of priorities.
Explanation:
Sociologist cited that the reason young men and women get married late is simply because most of them place more importance to their education and career.
They want to attain a certain level of education and also have a career first before marriage.
The delay of marriages can be attributed to shifts in social norms and values, women's increased independence and career success, and economic factors delaying adulthood milestones.
Explanation:There are several reasons that sociologists cite to explain why men and women are delaying marriage until their mid-to-late twenties. One reason is the shift in social norms and values. Recent surveys reveal a significant number of youth expressing acceptance of unmarried females having children, and that waiting until marriage for sex, while a nice idea, may not be realistic. This could contribute to the delay of marriages.
Secondly, women today are achieving more success in their education and career paths, and this could lead to them feeling more independent and prepared to live their adult lives without spouses or domestic partners compared to women of previous generations. The pressure to marry is still present, but seems countered by the women's own satisfaction and security with their unmarried status.
Finally, the economic factors cannot be ignored. The traditional milestones of adulthood are taking longer for Millennials to attain due to factors such as the lack of adequate employment opportunities for recent college graduates, causing them to postpone milestones such as marriage.
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A value is important to a society because it isthe measure used to determine how good a person is.an amount of goods or services considered reasonable.a human characteristic that is considered desirable.the financial cost of an item, which is very important.
Answer:
a human characteristic that is considered desirable
Explanation:
A value shows how the society performs and is used to determine how they as a person function and work in closed settings and that are considered to be good or services and have him a characteristic that is considered to be desirable and are reasonable.When economists are sketching examples of demand and supply, it is common to sketch a demand or supply curve that is close to vertical, and then to refer to that curve as _________.
Answer:
inelastic
Explanation:
In economics elasticity means change in quantity when prices get change. So vertical curve means there will be no change in quantity demanded or supplied when prices get change. There are some commodities whose demand and supply curve can be vertical like medicines , drinking water because it necessity and change in prices would not effect its demand ans supply.
Answer:
Inelastic
Explanation:
Inelastic is defined as the way in which price of goods and service remain the same or unchanged when their is high price or low price of goods and service in the market. The customers demands and supply for the goods remain unchanged whether there is increasing in price or the price is lower in the market in as far as their is availability of the goods and Service in the market
Mark knows that he is an excellent liar but he doesn't feel very good about himself in general. Mark is likely to score _____ on measures of self-esteem and _____ on measures of self-efficacy.
Answer:
High on self esteem
High on self efficacy
Explanation:
self-esteem is used to describe a person's overall sense of self-worth or personal value. In other words, how much you appreciate and like yourself while Self-efficacy reflects confidence in the ability to exert control over one's own motivation, behavior, and social environment. Mark will score high on both because he seems to be convinced about how excellent he is at lying.
Answer:
high, high
Explanation:
Mark knows that he is an excellent liar but he doesn't feel very good about himself in general. Mark is likely to score high on measures of self-esteem and high on measures of self-efficacy. Mark is confident and aware of his abilities, this is an indication of a high self esteem and his believe in his capacity to lie effectively is an indication of high self-efficacy in that regards.
According to psychiatrists Alexander Chess and Stella Thomas, a(n) ________ child is generally in a positive mood, quickly establishes regular routines in infancy, and adapts easily to new experiences.
Answer:
Easy
Explanation:
According to psychiatrists Alexander Chess and Stella Thomas, an easy child is generally in a positive mood, quickly establishes regular routines in infancy, and adapts easily to new experiences that is the child tends to be happy always and adapt to a regular means while still a baby.
In recent years, the consumption of orange juice in the United States has fallen but the price of orange juice has risen. This is because the supply of orange juice has ________ and the demand for orange juice has ________.
Answer:
Decreased; also decreased
Explanation:
The theory of supply and demand explains the relationship between the sellers of a particular goods or services and the buyers. The theory describes what affect the relationship amid the availability of a particular product and the need (or demand) for that product on its price.
According to the law, low supply and high demand increase the price of the goods and vice versa, and when there is a sharp decrease in demand for any product, there will be a decrease in price of that particular product.
Going back to the question we can conclude using this law that there can only be a fall in price of orange juice when there is a decrease in the amount of supply and also a corresponding decrease in the it's level of demand.
Explain why a simple process like "dumpster diving" can be so effective when gathering information utilizing social engineering?
Dumpster diving in terms of social engineering means mingling with the insignificant to find the significant.
Explanation:
In terms of social engineering Dumpster driving is exactly how it is in the real life.
There is no guarantee and the person diving runs a lot of risk but more that usually there is enough rewards in it if one can ignore the things that surround it.
The occasional scrounge would be able to find something very useful about the topic they are researching just like the professional divers make profits of thousands from diving into the dumpsters and finding expensive things for themselves.
Final answer:
Dumpster diving is effective in social engineering by retrieving sensitive information from discarded items, showcasing how simple actions can lead to security breaches.
Explanation:
Dumpster diving can be effective in gathering information through social engineering because it involves sifting through discarded items to uncover sensitive data or clues that can be used to manipulate individuals or organizations. By analyzing trash, a social engineer can piece together details about a target's habits, preferences, or even confidential information.
One example of this is retrieving discarded documents containing passwords, financial records, or personal details that could be exploited for fraudulent activities.Additionally, finding discarded company badges or access cards could aid in unauthorized entry into secure premises, showcasing how simple acts like dumpster diving can lead to significant breaches in security.Overall, dumpster diving showcases the importance of proper disposal of information and highlights how vulnerabilities can exist even in seemingly insignificant actions.
Delta Communications Inc. has recently adopted a new performance management system that is significantly different from the earlier system. The managers have started adapting to the new methods and are enforcing these changes among their work teams. Which of the following is illustrated in the scenario
Behavioral substitution
Answer:
Explanation:
Behavioral substitution is the term for rational and conscious replacing of the old patterns, behaviors, and ideas in the working condition by the new ones.
The employees and managers are changing the ideas that were central to the workplace, and changing them to the new behavior.
In this example, we see how the company adopted a new performance management system, ideas and methods that are said to be completely different from the old one, and how they are starting to spread it in their team. They are conditioning their team to adapt and accept new methods in place of the old ones.
In her speech about the benefits of car air bags, Karen states: "In December, 2001, The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration estimates that 7,585 people are alive today because of their airbags. Over 7,500 people. That's about half the number of students at the college here. Imagine, all those lives saved, by a simple airbag." What guideline about the use of statistics is Karen following in her speech
Answer: Karen is following the use of secondary source.
Explanation:
A secondary source is a source found referenced in another source. Take for instance, if you are reading a research article by Kola (2014) and Kola quotes or refers to
the information previously published by Temi (2006), referring to Temi in your own work would be considered a secondary source—i.e., you are not citing Temi’s original research, but rather Kola’s reference to Temi’s research.
In an experimental design, the______variable is manipulated by the researcher, with the goal of eliciting a significant response. Here, this was accomplished by pairing words and syllables according to one of three word types. Then researchers measured the______variable by asking subjects to assess______for each syllable. 1a. independent.b. dependent.2 a. dependent.b. independent.3 a. pleasantness rating.b. part of speech.
Answer:
1)a-independent
2) a-dependent
3)a-pleasantness rating
Explanation:
All of these are processes in a Research Methodology
Research methodology is the specific procedures or techniques used to identify, select, process, and analyze information about a topic.
In an experimental study, the independent variable is manipulated to observe its effect on the dependent variable, which is measured by the researcher. In the provided scenario, the independent variable is manipulated by pairing words and syllables, while the pleasantness rating is the dependent variable being measured.
Explanation:In the context of an experimental design, the variable that is manipulated by the researcher is known as the independent variable. The purpose of manipulating the independent variable is to study its effects on another variable, which is known as the dependent variable. In the given scenario, pairing words and syllables according to one of three word types represents the manipulation of the independent variable. Researchers then measure the dependent variable by asking subjects to assess pleasantness rating for each syllable. This measure is an attempt to quantify the response or effect of the independent variable's manipulation on the test subjects' perceptions.
Members of the Fourth Crusade originally planned to invade Egypt, then march north to capture Jerusalem. However, after failing to raise enough money for transportation, they agreed to help the Venetians betray and capture the Christian city of _________.
Answer:
Constantinople
Explanation:
A selection model that requires an applicant to achieve some minimum level of proficiency on all selection dimensions is referred to as a _____ model.
Answer:
Multiple cut off model
Explanation:
A selection model that requires an applicant to achieve some minimum level of proficiency on all selection dimensions is referred to as a multiple cut off models. This model requires an applicant for a job to meet a minimum score on each of the job dimensions
Psychology majors at the state college consist of 40% males and 60% females. The psychology department is conducting a survey of its majors and obtains a sample by randomly selecting students so there will be 20 males and 30 females from the list of psychology majors. What kind of sampling is used in this example?
Answer:
Proportionate stratified random sampling
Explanation:
Proportionate stratification is a type of stratified random sampling . With proportionate stratification, the sample size of each stratum is proportionate to the population size of the stratum. This means that each stratum has the same sampling fraction .
Answer: proportionate stratified random sampling
Explanation: Porportionate stratified random sampling is a sampling technique in which subgroups also called stratums of a given sample or population are stratified, that is adequately represented within the entire population. In this sampling technique, the assigned size of each stratum is proportionate to the population size of the strata with respect to the size of the entire population. Hence, employs a uniform sampling fraction in deciding sample size across each stratum.
In the scenario above, population size is 40% male and 60% female, sample size is 20 male and 30 female meaning that the same sample fraction was adopted across both stratum with the sample size proportionate to the population size of the strata.
After choosing among several computer server systems, the Director of Information Systems feels very positive about the choice that was made. However, some of this optimism is due to the fact that the Director ignored some of the limitations of the chosen system and unconsciously downplays the importance of the positive features of the rejected systems. The Director of Information Systems is engaging in:________.A) confirmation bias.B) impulsive buying.C) escalation of commitment.D) rational maximization.E) rational choice thinking.
Answer:
A) confirmation bias
Explanation:
Based on the information provided within the question it can be said that the Director of Information Systems is engaging in confirmation bias. This bias explains when an individual favors something because it confirms their previous beliefs or biases. Which is the case in this scenario since the director is supporting his decision even though there is a lot wrong with it, solely due to the fact that he was optimistic about that decision from the beginning.
Answer:
A- Confirmation Bias
Explanation:
Confirmation bias is the ability to prefer a certain idea to others based on one own belief.
The Director of Information Systems was bias because he feels very positive about the choice that was made by ignoring some of the limitations of the chosen system and unconsciously downplays the importance of the positive features of the rejected systems based on his own personal belief that his first choice of computer server system is much better than the second by been bias which may lead to error in choosing the right one.
Janet was surprised to find out that her gynecologist, Dr. Herring, was good friends with her tennis partner, Sally. Janet met Sally years ago in graduate school, while Dr. Herring knows Sally from church. The nature of each one's relationship to Sally is what sociologists call :___________.1. coincidence2. reference group 3. tie4. in-group
Answer:
3. Tie
Explanation:
Janet was surprised to find out that her gynecologist, Dr. Herring, was good friends with her tennis partner, Sally. Janet met Sally years ago in graduate school, while Dr. Herring knows Sally from church. The nature of each one's relationship to Sally is what sociologists call tie that is a bond between Janet and her gynecologist, Dr. Herring and his friendship with Sally who is also Janet's tennis partner even though Dr herring knows sally from church. Therefore the Nature of each one of them's( Janet's and Dr herring) relationship to sally is what sociologist refers to as tie
Which theoretical perspective argues that class stratification is an outcome of a struggle between groups for dominance of resources and social control?: A. Functionalist. B. Conflict theorist. C. Snarkist. D. Symbolic interactionist.
Answer:
B. Conflict theorist
Explanation:
The conflicting give by the Karl marx claims that the society is in the state of the perceptual conflict due to the completion of the limited resources and holds the order of the society and rather than the consensus and the conformity and is one of the social stratification of the markets theory and differing economic capabilities and means of the factors of production.Consistent bite mark evidence alone is not sufficient for a conviction, but it does provide ________________ evidence that may be helpful in building a case.
Answer:
Circumstantial.
Explanation:
As per the question, the 'consistent bite marks' alone would not be able to ensure the conviction of the guilty but it, however, serves as 'circumstantial evidence' because it was collected directly from the crime scene that could prove fruitful in developing the case further. Such evidence turn quite helpful in supporting the truth or substantiating the claims but to validate the conviction, more factual evidence would be required to prove the accused to be guilty of the crime. Therefore, 'circumstantial' is the correct answer.
Brenda is watching a movie at home but the sound on her television is rather low. She asks her brother to turn up the sound. After he increases the volume only 5 decibels, Brenda says "OK. That's good. Thank you." Brenda's detection of this slight increase in volume demonstrates
Answer:
just-noticeable difference
Explanation:
Based on the information provide can be said that in this scenario Brenda's detection of this slight increase in volume demonstrates the just-noticeable difference or JND. In the context of psychophysics, this term refers to the amount in which something needs to be changed in order for the individual in question to be able to notice or detect the difference, at least 50% of the time in which they are exposed to it. Which is the what is being demonstrated by Brenda in this scenario.
Answer:
Just noticeable difference
Explanation:
The just noticeable difference is the difference in threshold, that is the minimum level of stimulation that a person can detect 50 percent of the time
The absolute threshold for sound, for example, would be the lowest volume level that a person could detect. The just noticeable difference would be the smallest change in volume that a person could sense. Brenda increasing the volume only 5 decibels is the just noticeable difference that Brenda is able to detect
________________ refers to the evaluation that takes place during program design and development. Group of answer choices Summative. Formative. Pilot. Transfer.
Answer: The answer is Formative
Explanation: Formative evaluation takes place during program design and development and focuses on how to make a program better by modifying activities to improve learner's attainment. It typically involves qualitative feedback that focuses on the details of the content and performance.
A principal is obligated to pay any judgments against an agent who incurred liability to a third party while carrying out the principal's orders. This duty to hold the agent "harmless" is the duty to___________.
Answer:
Indemnify
Explanation:
A binding obligation of a party to adjust the loss that took place in another party because of the acts of the indemnitor or any other party.
Miriam is testing a concept that she learned in her child development class. She takes ten pennies to the preschool where she is doing her internship. She shows the children the pennies and asks them to count them. Then she makes two parallel rows of five pennies in each row that are both evenly spaced so that the rows are in alignment. Then, as the children watch, she spreads the bottom row out by increasing the distance between the pennies. She asks the children which row contains more pennies. They all respond that the bottom row has more. This illustrates that the children are unable to solve ___________ problems.
Answer:
C. Conservation
Explanation:
Conservation is a stage that occurs in the concrete operational stage. In this phenomenon, the conservation is to understand the quantity stay the same even if the appearance has been changed of the objects. If technical we try to understand it is about to understand the redistributing the materials.
The distribution of the object does not affect by the number, mass, and length and its volume. Around seven-year, children understand the conservation of whether the appearance has been changed. Five-year children do not develop conservation so they think there is a difference in the quantity of water if the appearance has been changed.
Country risk assessment should be used when: a. determining whether to establish a subsidiary in a foreign country. b. determining whether to continue business in a foreign country. C. A and B d. none of the above
Answer:
C. A and B
Explanation:
A country risk assessment is a vital step required before considering establishing business in a foreign country. It is also necessary in determining if a business should continue in a foreign country (abroad).
This assessment is both qualitative and quantitative, as it takes into consideration thorough evaluation of the economic, political and social risk of running a business in a foreign country. The country risk assessment helps to determine and monitor hidden risks in a country which also helps a business to properly develop strategies based on the known risk of he country.
"NIMBY is" Select one: a. a U.N. organization in Geneva that directs the medical use of radioactive isotopes. b. the deciding factor in the approval of the Yucca Mountain disposal site in Nevada. c. the U.S. federal agency that oversees nuclear power facilities. d. a publicly perceived risk of siting a toxic or nuclear waste disposal facility near their homes.
Answer: d. a publicly perceived risk of siting a toxic or nuclear waste disposal facility near their homes.
Explanation:
"NIMBY" literally means "Not In My Back Yard". It is a pejorative to describe the reaction of a group of people, generally, homeowners, who refuse to build a facility that they consider to be dangerous for themselves, a property, their community, or even their lifestyle.
This attitude is viewed in a bad way since people generally refuse to let the construction be carried out for personal reasons, they even agree that the construction should be carried out in another distant place.
An example of this is when the government wants to build an airport, people generally do not want to build them near their homes because of the increased noise it generates, but they always agree that more airports be built.
I hope this information can help you.
Kim is a 4-year-old who has just been in an accident and has sustained damage to an area of the brain that is specialized for a particular skill. Her doctor tells her parents that she is lucky to be so young; she should recover her ability in this domain. Her doctor is counting on Kim's brain to:______.a. become rewired as a different area takes over for the damaged area.
b. create new neurons to replace the damaged ones.
c. direct her skeletal and muscular system to work harder at the skill.
d. regenerate brain tissue.
Answer: Option (B). create new neurons to replace the damaged ones.
Explanation: Kim is a 4-year-old who has just been in an accident and has sustained damage to an area of the brain that is specialized for a particular skill. Her doctor tells her parents that she is lucky to be so young; she should recover her ability in this domain. Her doctor is counting on Kim's brain to create new neurons to replace the damaged ones.
Her doctor believes that because Kim is young, Kim has an opportunity of her brain to create a new neurons to replace the damaged ones.
Kim's brain is expected to become rewired, where different areas take over functions for the damaged parts, through a process known as neural plasticity. This is especially effective in young children like Kim, who are more adaptable following brain injuries. The human brain's ability to reorganize itself allows it to compensate for lost functions, although it does not regenerate tissue or create new neurons to replace the lost ones.
Explanation:The doctor is counting on Kim's brain to become rewired as a different area takes over for the damaged area. This phenomenon is known as neural plasticity or brain plasticity, which refers to the brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life. In young children, like Kim, this ability is especially pronounced, allowing them to recover from brain injuries more effectively than adults. Neural plasticity enables parts of the brain not originally associated with certain functions to adapt and take over roles they were not initially designed for.
While the other options might seem plausible, current understanding of neuroscience suggests that the human brain does not regenerate tissue in the same way some other organs do (option d), nor does it create new neurons to replace ones that are lost (option b) in most of its regions. Moreover, directing the skeletal and muscular system to work harder at the skill (option c) does not address the neural basis of skill acquisition and recovery.
Reyna and her husband are starting a family and decide to move closer to either her or his own family. Reyna’s family lives on the West Coast, but her husband’s family lives on the East Coast. If Reyna and her husband decide to move to the West Coast, what would their decision be considered in the context of family?
Answer:
The decision in the context of the family is they want to live close to reyna family
Explanation:
Since Reyna family lives on the west coast,while her husband family lives on the east coast. Since they have decided to live on the west coast while raising there family , the decision of the family in this context is that they want to be close to reyna family.
Final answer:
Reyna and her husband's choice to move to the West Coast and live with or near her family would likely be considered a matrilocal residence, which is tied to matrilineal descent systems. In contrast, patrilocal residence involves living with the groom's family and is typical in patrilineal descent systems.
Explanation:
In the context of family and marriage, Reyna and her husband's decision to move to the West Coast would be considered based on postmarital residence rules. These rules dictate where a newly married couple will establish their household. If they choose to live with or near Reyna's family, it would likely fall under a matrilocal residence pattern, common in societies practicing matrilineal descent. This is where the bride remains within her family group, and their children belong to her lineage. Conversely, living with or near the husband's family would be patrilocal residence, more prevalent in societies with patrilineal descent, where the bride moves in with the groom's family. In the U.S., the trend is more towards neolocal residence, where the couple establishes a separate, independent household. Economic factors and familial support needs often influence the choice of residence.
A youngster living in the ghetto is unlikely to become wealthy through a Harvard education, but some of his desires may be met through behaviors like theft, drug dealing, and robbery. This illustrates:
Answer:
Illegitimate opportunity structures
Explanation:
Illegitimate opportunity structures were explained by Cowan and Ohlin. In the criminal structure, the youth learn how to attempt crime to gain a materialistic structure. The subculture is the area where an environment is created in which youth attempt their crime. Youth get an opportunity to conduct a crime to satisfy their material structure.
In this environment, youth start to make a gang so that they can satisfy their needs and attempt a crime. They release their stress in this form so that they can make themselves satisfied. Thus youngsters living in Ghetto are unlikely to be wealthy through Harvard University but satisfy their material needs they attempt an illegitimate opportunity structure crimes.