Roberto is 11 months old. he smiles a lot, is generally cheerful and shows little anxiety around strangers. which type of temperament does roberto have?

Answer:

encourage people to keep their property clean and neat.

Explanation:

Private property is a right that gives its holder various powers such as the use, enjoyment and disposal of a particular movable or immovable property. Private property can help encourage people to keep their property clean and tidy, because when we use someone else's property we may be a little bit careless, since the property is not ours; however as private property ensures that we own the property, we are more careful to keep everything clean and tidy.

The Sherbert test is the first test used to determine when the government can intervene to suppress political speech. The test ensures that there must be a 'compelling governmental interest' and the law must be the 'least restrictive means' to accomplish it. The Sherbert test applies to freedom of speech and religion.

The first test for determining when the government may intervene to suppress political speech is called the Sherbert test. It is a standard used to decide if a law violates the free exercise clause. A law will be struck down unless there is a 'compelling governmental interest' at stake and it accomplishes its goal by the 'least restrictive means' possible.

The test requires that the focus is on the individual and the benefits to society from any restriction on the individual must be clear and convincing. In the context of freedom of speech, the government can place restrictions when there is a threat to an individual's safety or to society's law and order. For instance, making a direct threat against a political candidate is considered illegal.

The Sherbert test also applies to cases involving freedom of religion. Under the Sherbert Test, the government must demonstrate it had a 'compelling governmental interest' in limiting a religious practice, and that the restriction was 'narrowly tailored'.

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Final answer:

To evaluate student progress, a combination of anecdotal observations, rubrics or checklists, and informal assessments is recommended. Expanding sports activities can also improve student engagement and development. Encouraging self-evaluation helps students identify areas for improvement and fosters a growth mindset.

Explanation:

To effectively evaluate student progress in an educational program, it is crucial to employ a variety of assessment techniques. One can begin by recording anecdotal observations to capture each student's learning progress during class activities. Additionally, using rubrics or checklists can help clarify expectations and provide structured feedback.

Engagement with students is also key; therefore, conducting informal assessments to collect feedback on course content and performance can lead to valuable insights. Teachers can ask students what they enjoy about the program and what could be improved. Implementing self-evaluative questions and encouraging student journals may further support reflective learning and ongoing performance evaluation.

For a program that includes physical activities, such as an athletics program, a suggestion could be to expand formal and informal sports activities that focus on building community and connecting to students' interests. By diversifying opportunities and creating inclusive environments, every student gets the chance to participate and excel.

Lastly, it is beneficial to help students learn to evaluate their own work. For younger students, self-evaluations may include identifying strengths and weaknesses and ways to improve. For older students, a more analytic approach may be desirable, such as using the same scoring rubrics that teachers use to assess performance.

By 6 months of age, a baby's majority of sleep occurs at night, transitioning from polyphasic sleep patterns of a newborn to more consolidated nocturnal sleep with reduced REM sleep.

By 6 months of age, more than half the baby's sleep takes place at night. Newborns initially display polyphasic sleep, spending approximately 16.5 hours per 24-hour period sleeping at various times throughout the day and night. However, by 6 months, a baby averages around 14 hours of sleep and begins to consolidate more of that sleep during nighttime hours. During this period of infancy, there is a noticeable decrease in Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep, from nearly 50% for newborns to approximately 25% to 30% as they grow into childhood. Sleep patterns continue to evolve, with toddlers around two years old averaging closer to 10 hours per 24 hours.

Final answer:

An elaborate ceremony marking a person's emergence into adulthood is indeed an example of a rite of passage, which signifies a significant transition in an individual's life. These ceremonies encompass various life stages, such as puberty, marriage, and even death, serving to acknowledge and facilitate the individual's new role or status within their community. Identified by Arnold van Gennep, these rituals are essential for both the individual and their community.

Explanation:

An elaborate ceremony used to celebrate a person’s emergence into adulthood is indeed an example of a rite of passage. These ceremonies are pivotal in marking the transition from one stage of life to another, serving not only as a social formalization of change but also as an educational experience for the individual. Rites of passage can include various ceremonies such as baptisms, bar mitzvahs, quinceañeras, weddings, and funerals, each signifying a significant shift in an individual's social status or life stage.

First identified by anthropologist Arnold van Gennep in 1909, rites of passage serve to facilitate and publicly acknowledge the transition of an individual from one social status to another. Gennep outlined three stages in a rite of passage: separation, transition, and incorporation. These stages collectively help the individual, as well as their community, to understand and accept the new role or status the individual is moving into.

Examples like the quinceañera illustrate the transformation from childhood to adulthood, where symbolic actions, such as the exchange of a doll for high heels, represent the departure from childhood and the embracing of an adult role within the community. Such rites are deeply embedded in cultural practices and play a critical role in teaching the behaviors, attitudes, and values appropriate for an individual's new role in society.

Final answer:

Limiting the national government's power is justified with reference to the Constitution, which embodies the principle of limited government and divides sovereignty between the national and state levels, restricting certain powers of both.

Explanation:

Advocates of limiting the powers of the national government justify their position by pointing to the Constitution of the U.S. The Constitution sets out the framework for a federal system where both the national and state governments are granted certain powers, but also have specific limitations. For example, the necessary and proper clause, along with the limitations on powers in Article I, Section 9, gives Congress certain powers but also restricts its ability to pass bills of attainder, ex post facto laws, and limit the habeas corpus. This reflects the principle of limited government, ensuring that the national government does not become too powerful and that states retain significant authority.

Moreover, before the Constitution's ratification, the balance of power was heavily in favor of the states under the Articles of Confederation. With this in mind, the Constitution was carefully crafted to allow for a stronger national government while still preserving the autonomy of state governments, as seen through constraining state powers in areas such as foreign policy and monetary control. The Supremacy Clause also establishes the Constitution as the 'supreme law of the land', indicating that federal law overrides state law when there is a conflict.

Answer:

Because he believed that government intervention in the economy would only serve to cause inflation and postpone the recession.

Explanation:

Friedrich August von Hayek was an Austrian economist and is considered one of the founders of the Austrian school of economic thought. He was noted for his defenses about economic liberalism, and for his theses about the role of government in the economy.

Although a moderate socialist who did not advocate armed revolutions, he was a keen enthusiast of state control in the economy. However, influenced mainly by the ideas of the economist von Months, Hayek later came to admit his flawed thinking and became a great advocate of liberalism.

The economist's main idea was that the economy should function freely and without state intervention. According to him, a central (state) planner, even if well intentioned, would be destined for failure. This is because, as an economy is very dynamic, the planner could never make the best decisions for all individuals.

Thus, she argues that individuals should be responsible for economic decisions. Being that each individual would specialize where it had greater degree of knowledge. Thus, according to him, the economy would move towards long-term development. The economy would adjust mainly according to variables, the main one being the price.

Final answer:

Individuals often don't realize they've been sleeping if awoken during stage N3, the deepest level of sleep. Alpha brain wave activity during this stage can lead to not feeling refreshed upon waking, connecting stages of sleep with brain wave patterns.

Explanation:

People often report that they have not been asleep if they are awoken during stage N3 sleep, also known as slow-wave sleep. This stage is characterized by low frequency, high amplitude delta waves. During stage N3, the body further decreases muscle activity and begins greater muscle relaxation. Despite being the deepest level of sleep, individuals who have increased alpha brain wave activity during this stage often report not feeling refreshed upon waking. This paradox is likely due to the introduction of brain wave patterns (alpha waves) that are more typical of wakefulness or the transition into lighter sleep stages, such as stage 1 sleep (N1).

The inclusion of "In God We Trust" on American currency signifies the historical importance of religious faith as a core American value, alongside the values of freedom, equality, justice, and individualism outlined in the American creed.

The motto "In God We Trust" on American money reflects the core value of religious faith within American society. This phrase has appeared on U.S. coins since the 1860s, and its inclusion on paper currency was mandated in 1957. The presence of this motto, along with the addition of the phrase "under God" to the Pledge of Allegiance in 1954, signifies the historical influence of religious sentiment in American public life, particularly during the Cold War era, as a counterpoint to godless communism. These additions were not indicative of America's secular Constitution but represented a broader cultural acknowledgement of religious belief. Core American political values, encapsulated by the American creed, promote freedom, equality, justice, and individualism. However, the motto "In God We Trust" emphasizes the historical importance placed on religion within the broader spectrum of American values.

Answer:

The Fifteenth Amendment was the first step in granting full voting rights to African Americans. However, Jim Crow laws created more restrictions to these rights. With the passage of the Voting Rights Act, the Fifteenth Amendment was enforced as voting restrictions were removed.

Explanation:

The main drawbacks of direct democracy include the excessive requirement it places on voters leading to uninformed decisions, and the potential for manipulation by special interest groups and wealthy individuals. These issues could be addressed through improved voter education and regulatory safeguards to limit undue influence.

The principal drawback to direct democracy is the heightened requirement it places on voters. In a direct democracy, the decision-making responsibility rests squarely on the shoulders of the citizens. This means that citizens are expected to thoroughly read, research, and understand the implications of their voting choices, particularly since these decisions could fundamentally alter a constitution, instigate tax changes, or remove politicians from office. However, many may not have the time or expertise to effectively perform these tasks, superficially choosing ballot measures or completely skipping ones they do not fully comprehend.

Furthermore, direct democracy can unintentionally empower special interest groups or wealthy individuals, who have the resources to propose and fund personal projects that might not necessarily serve the greater good. The validation of direct democracy can veer towards those who have the means to sway decisions rather than rest upon the true democratic principle of equal representation.

To resolve these issues, there could be greater emphasis on voter education to support informed decision-making. Also, regulations could be enforced to limit undue influence from special interest groups and wealthy individuals.

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The main reason why Christopher Columbus was more confident than others about his ability to sail westward because he has an explicit faith that he was called by God for the task of bringing the Christian religion to remote peoples of the word. He believed that God gave him the faith and afterwards the courage to do his task. He has often been hailed as a man of heroism and bravery and faith. Additionally, he sailed westward into mostly unknown waters and his unique scheme is often viewed as ingenious. He set example for us all by showing what monumental feats can be accomplished through perseverance and faith.

The social engineering attack that sends a personalized message to high ranking individuals is phising, this type of method sends message to a person with a message that involves of having to gain something from the individual that they sent it to. 

Answer:

The social engineering attack that sends a personalized message to high ranking individuals is called "Whaling"

Explanation:

Social engineering involves manipulating people psychologically to do certain things. The intention may be to cause them to make security mistakes and leak sensitive and confidential information.

Whaling, also known as "whaling phising", is a form of social engineering attack that targets high level employees or executives to trick them into leaking sensitive information or committing fraudulent activities.