Rock that is cooled and solidified above ground is called:
intrusive
extrusive
batholith
laccolith

Final answer:

Marine scientists estimate a vast majority of marine species are yet to be discovered, with only about 13% of eukaryotic species currently named out of an estimated 8.7 million. New discoveries continue, but exact numbers are hard to confirm due to small ranges and a lack of central data repository.

Explanation:

Marine scientists believe there are still many undiscovered species in the ocean. According to estimates by Mora et al. (2011), only about 13% of eukaryotic species have been named, and it is believed that there are approximately 8.7 million eukaryote species on Earth. This suggests that a vast majority of marine species remain unidentified. With new marine species being discovered regularly, it is challenging to provide an exact number, but the pursuit to understand and catalog these species is ongoing.

For example, new fish species are discovered at a rate of about 130-160 each year, suggesting a persistent flow of new findings. However, the discovery of even higher levels of taxonomic groups indicates that there could be fundamental gaps in our knowledge of marine biodiversity. Additionally, many species have very small geographic ranges, which makes them harder to find and study.

The lack of a central repository for species names and descriptions complicates the estimation of undiscovered species, but marine scientists and research programs like TOPP continue to contribute to our understanding of these complex ecosystems. These efforts are essential in light of the accelerating pace of species loss globally.

Answer:

a) Genetics refers to the study of the genome or DNA that an organism possesses. Heredity refers to the traits that are passed on from the parents to the offspring. Genetic diseases can be hereditary if they are transferred from a parent to a child. Genetic diseases can not be hereditary if they are caused by mutations in the genome and are not transferred to the offsprings.  

b) A dominant trait can be described as a trait which arises due to the dominant allele. An individual can be homozygous or heterozygous for the dominant trait. A recessive trait occurs when both the alleles of a gene are recessive for a trait. A recessive allele can be described as the allele which gets masked by the dominant allele in a heterozygous situation.

c) Pure offspring contains one type of genetics in it. A hybrid offspring is formed by more than one type of genes.

DNA is a nucleic acid located in the nucleus and it contains the genetic instructions for the function and development of living things. The role of DNA is to store genetic information. The genetic information is stored in the chemical structure of the DNA.

so the number it would be in is number 2

Answer: Cnidarians have a very simple sensory system that consists of a nerve net and no sensory organs. Octopi have a complex sensory system, including a brain and eyes as complex as human eyes.

(Here are two examples. Hope this helps!)

Cnidarians have a very simple sensory system that consists of a nerve net and no sensory organs.

The sensory nervous system is a part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory information. A sensory system consists of sensory neurons, neural pathways, and parts of the brain involved in sensory perception and interoception.

A sensory system consists of sensory neurons (including the sensory receptor cells), neural pathways, and parts of the brain involved in sensory perception and interoception.

The sensory system is the portion of the nervous system responsible for processing input from the environment. Beginning with detection through the transfer of stimuli to the central nervous system, the peripheral nerves and their associated receptors rapidly relay information.

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Answer:

A malaria outbreak causing allele frequencies to change is an example of natural selection.

Explanation:

Natural selection is a type of selection in which those organisms are favoured to live and reproduce which are better adapted to live in an environment. Due to natural selection, the allele frequencies of a population will tend to change with the passage of time.

When the outbreak of malaria occurs, those organisms which do not catch malaria are able to survive and pass on their characteristics to their offsprings. the other organisms die and do not reproduce. This will cause changes in the allele frequencies.

Answer:

1. Carbon dioxide: a trace gas .

It is required for photosynthesis.

2. Nitrogen: most abundant gas in the atmosphere .

It is incorporated as a major component of proteins and DNA.

3. Oxygen: second most abundant gas in the atmosphere .

It is required for aerobic cellular respiration.

Explanation:

Gases that are less abundant in the atmosphere are called trace gases. Carbon dioxide gas is the product of respiration in animals which is then used by the plants for photosynthesis. It is present in the environment at very small concentration ( 0.04%).

Nitrogen and Oxygen both are present in the atmosphere at high proportions. Nitrogen covers 78% of the total gases volume whereas oxygen is about 28% in the atmosphere. It is vital in many biochemical processes that sustains life on Earth; for example, it is used in the production of nitrogen bases (purine and pyrimidine) and amino acid which are required for DNA and protein synthesis. Likewise, oxygen is an oxidizer which is required for aerobic cellular respiration.

Answer:

Look at the image I posted in explanation.

Hope this helps! :D

Explanation:

"Image" is an example of visual data with regard to computer crime.

Explanation:

An act committed by a skilled or professional user of computers, also named as hacker who secretly browses or steals private information from a company or individual's system therefore this whole process is known as "computer crime".

Image is one of the best source or evidence in the form of visual data with respect to computer crime. Because many details can be collected or fetched out just from visual figures or pictures. It can contain codes, relatable links or some factors which can be helpful for targeting culprit.

Answer:

Petri dishes are widely used in biology to cultivate microorganisms such as bacteria, yeasts, and molds.

Explanation:

It is most suited for organisms that thrive on a solid or semisolid surface.

Answer:

The correct option is C) Plants

Explanation:

Option A is false because the cell cannot be an animal cell. This is because an animal cell does not possess a cell wall.

Option B is false because the cell cannot be a bacterial cell. This is because a bacterial cell does not have a nucleus. Their genetic material is dispersed inside the cytoplasm.

Option C is correct because all the organelles, a cytoskeleton, mitochondrion, nucleus, cell wall, and ribosomes, are present inside the plant cells.

(c). Plant is correct option. The scientist most likely found a plant cell, as it has eukaryotic features including a cell wall, which is not present in animal cells.

This means that the organism discovered by the scientist in the ice sample is most likely a plant.

Answer:

Option B.

The level of carbon in the atmosphere will decrease if humans do nothing to cycle.

Explanation:

Answer:

The correct option is C) Rangeland- Grazing livestock

Explanation:

Rangeland can be described as a land which consists of grasses, shrubs, woods, wetlands etc which are ideal for the grazing of domestic and wetland animals. Hence, a rangeland is used for grazing livestock. Hence, option C is correct.

Other options, like option D, is not correct because an urban land supports city life. It is not ideal for the growing of crops as it contains pollution of the city.

Answer:

Cropland ----> growing food

Explanation:

For the other one

Answer:

Protein found in antibodies provides the immunity to our body to fight against any foreign antigen.

Explanation:

Antibodies are proteins that play a key role in the immune response by targeting and destroying foreign substances. They help protect the body against infections.

Proteins have many different functions in the body. While structural proteins make up the cytoskeleton and scaffold of cells, antibodies have a different role. The main function of antibodies is to mount an immune response against foreign substances, such as bacteria or viruses. Antibodies bind to these substances and target them for destruction, helping to protect the body against infections. For example, when we get a vaccine, our bodies produce antibodies that recognize the specific pathogen introduced in the vaccine and help us develop immunity to that pathogen.

During photosynthesis plants need constant supply of sunlight but they produce glucose a constant supply for respiration.

Explanation:

Photosynthesis take place in 2 steps, First is light dependent and followed by  the light independent phase.

The light independent reaction two important molecules are formed, they are ATP and NADH. This reaction phase takes place in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast in the presence of sunlight. Because of this continuous supply of sunlight is required for photosynthesis. This will be followed by Calvin-cycle or light independent reaction where glucose and Carbon dioxide are the end products.

In cellular respiration glucose is the substrate along with oxygen forms energy for various metabolic activities to take place inside the organism.

So, it is seen that product of photosynthesis is the reactant for cellular respiration.

The oxygen component would have been smaller.

Explanation:

Photosynthetic plants / organisms evolve oxygen gas as a by-product of the process of photosynthesis. Therefore since their evolution beginning approximately 3.4 billion years ago, the atmosphere, which was once dominated by carbon dioxide, began to fill with oxygen. This period is referred to as the Great Oxygenation Event because it is also responsible for the decline of anaerobes.

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Answer:

One of the environmental factors (mutagens) that can cause mutation on an organism who is exposed to it regularly is the "ultraviolet radiation" coming from the sun.

Explanation:

"Mutagens" are agents or substances that can cause genetic mutation. The "ultraviolet radiation" coming from sunlight is one of the mutagens that can cause mutation. It damages the DNA by having an abnormal connection of the "thymine dimers." This results into the kinking of the DNA shape, thus making it difficult to copy. So, the next generation cells will have a mutated copy of the DNA. This is the reason why people are always advised to put sunscreen lotions whenever they are exposed to the sun.

The other mutagens are: x-ray radiation, chemicals, nitrites and tobacco products.

Final answer:

Radiation, specifically ionizing radiation, is a significant mutagen that organisms are regularly exposed to. It can cause DNA mutations by creating breaks in the DNA backbone and modifying bases.

Explanation:

A significant mutagen that organisms are regularly exposed to is radiation, specifically ionizing radiation like X-rays and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation can cause mutations in DNA by creating breaks in the DNA backbone and modifying bases. It can also lead to the formation of hydroxyl radicals, which can further damage the DNA.

It's important to note that not all mutations are harmful; some can be beneficial or have no effect at all. However, harmful mutations can lead to diseases such as cancer. Because of this risk, substances that cause mutations are carefully studied to determine their potential as carcinogens. Understanding and identifying mutagens is crucial for developing strategies to minimize their impact on living organisms.

Answer:

Meiosis 1 better mirrors the process of mitosis.

Explanation:

During the process of mitosis, the somatic cells of the body replicate to form two daughter cells which are identical to the parent cell. In meiosis I, two daughter cells are formed. During mitosis, diploid cells are formed. During meiosis 1 also, two diploid cells are formed. hence, these two processes are more similar as compared to mitosis II. in mitosis II, four haploid cells are made as a result of the division process.

Acetyl CoA is produced at many steps in our body, but mainly its produced by decarboxylation of pyruvate.

Acetyl CoA is the gateway molecule to Kreb's Cycle. This molecule can pass from the cytoplasm to mitochondria which can be used in further metabolic processes.

In case of aerobic respiration, glucose undergoes a metabolic breakdown to produce two molecules of pyruvate and a few NADH and ATP. But this pyruvate cannot enter the mitochondria where the next step i.e Kreb's Cycle is going to take place. This is then taken up by Pyruvate Decarboxylase complex or PDC where pyruvate is acted upon by enzyme Pyruvate Decarboxylase which also uses an oxidized NAD and Coenzyme A to produce a molecule of carbon dioxide, NADH and Acetyl CoA.

Answer:

the answer is during pyruvate processing

Explanation:

just did it on bio ap-ex

Answer: by adding heat to ice.

Explanation: The three states of matter are solid, liquid and gas. Ice is water in solid state. When ice is heated, it melts and changes from solid state to liquid state. When more heat is applied to water in its liquid state, it boils and changes to vapour which is gas. Water vapour exists in gaseous state.

Water can exist in three states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas. Adding heat energy to ice causes it to melt and become water.

Water is indeed a remarkable substance, capable of transitioning between its three fundamental states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas. The transformation from a solid state, represented by ice, to a liquid state, commonly referred to as water, is known as "melting." This transition is brought about by the infusion of heat energy into the ice, which causes its molecular structure to break free from the solid lattice and transition into the more fluid, mobile state of liquid water.

Moreover, water's versatility extends to its ability to undergo another vital phase change: from liquid to gas. This phenomenon, termed "vaporization," involves the absorption of additional heat energy, which imparts sufficient kinetic energy to water molecules to enable them to escape the liquid's surface and transform into water vapor. This process of evaporation is integral to many natural phenomena, including the water cycle, where water vapor rises into the atmosphere before condensing to form clouds and, eventually, returning to Earth as precipitation.

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This question “How fast can light travel” is considered as an good scientific question because it helps inform for other experiment.

Answer: Option D

Explanation:

The speed of light is a universal physical constant and it is found to be [tex]3 \times 10^{6} \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}[/tex] and it is important to determine various physical units such as electromagnetic wave propagation, e.g., optics, radio waves.

This light constant is majorly used in many of the experiments and hence it is very much helpful in determining values required in an experiment.  Thus the measurement of the light speed can help us inform other experiments, so we can conclude option D as correct answer.

Answer and Explanation:

Erosion is a natural process that occurs worldwide, and the erosion of beaches is the most common type. Although it is natural, there can be many ways to prevent it or to reduce its levels and avoid the loss of protection near coastlines.

People can help prevent erosion to the coastline by limiting (or not supporting) the construction of seawalls and sandbags that lead to beach erosion. Moreover, communities should protect NATURAL sand dunes, as they protect the coastlines from erosion. I put emphasis on natural because man-made sand dunes do the opposite. It is important to consider that beneficial (natural) sand dunes are made of layers of different types of sand, which enables the wind to gather sand in a specific spot instead of reducing it, while also allowing vegetation to grow deeper and protect the coastline.

Preventing erosion near coral reefs involves reducing pollution, reforestation, and protecting marine ecosystems.

To forestall disintegration to the shore close to coral reefs, individuals can make a few significant moves. Healthy reefs naturally protect the coast. Long-term shoreline stability is ensured by putting these measures into action.

Answer:

The correct answer is : offspring with red and green cones.

Explanation:

Answer:

protons have a positive charge

in an atom, there are three main subatomic particles, the protons, electrons and neutrons.

the protons are of positive electric charge while electrons possess negative and neutrons are neutral and does not contain any charge.

Answer:

positive

Explanation:

protons would have a positive

Answer:

The correct option is D) Ethyl alcohol is produced.

Explanation:

Fermentation can be described as a process by which energy is extracted by organisms such as bacteria and yeast.

Sugars are converted into alcohol by this metabolic process occurring in certain microorganisms. There are two main types of fermentation:

Fermentation which takes place in the presence of oxygen is termed as aerobic fermentation.

The process of fermentation which occurs in the absence of oxygen is termed as anaerobic respiration.

Hence, as alcohol will be produced from both types of fermentation, optic C is correct.

The food webs are models that show networks of feeding relationships. The Option A is correct.

Food webs illustrate the intricate networks of feeding relationships in an ecosystem. They depict how organisms are interconnected through their feeding habits showcasing the transfer of energy and nutrients from one organism to another.

Unlike food chains that represent linear sequence of producers and consumers, food webs provide more comprehensive view of the complex interactions between multiple species in an ecosystem. By mapping out these relationships, food webs help understand the flow of energy, the dynamics of populations. Therefore, the Option A is correct.

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Final answer:

Peer review is an evaluative process conducted by experts in the field who examine research before its publication to ensure quality, reliability, and validity in the scientific community.

Explanation:

The best definition of peer review is a process where researchers submit their work to be scrutinized and critiqued by other experts in the same field before it is published in a scientific journal or presented to a broader audience. The purpose of this process is to maintain high standards of quality, improve performance, and provide credibility. Peer reviewers evaluate the research on multiple criteria, including the rationale, methodology, ethical considerations, statistical analyses, and the conclusions of the research. They also assess the significance of the results to advance the discipline's knowledge. Authors receive constructive feedback and might have to revise their work, which contributes to the reliability and validity of scientific knowledge.

Peer review is conducted anonymously, which is critical for maintaining objectivity in the process. By not knowing each other's identities, reviewers and authors are likely to be more honest and unbiased in their critique and response, leading to a more thorough and rigorous review. This anonymous process also helps to prevent conflicts of interest and promotes a fair evaluation based on the quality of the work itself.

The first statement, “We never get to see the far side of the moon” is true among all the statements given.

Explanation:

We only see one side of the moon from Earth, which is commonly referred to as the “near” side of the moon. We are able to see this side through our naked eyes due to the sunlight reflecting of the surface of the moon.

However, this is not to say that the far side of the moon does not receive sunlight at all. It does receive, but it’s just that the far side of the moon never faces the Earth and hence we never see it.  

Having said that, the other statements are false. The near side itself goes through weeks of darkness, where it is not lit up by the Sun. The moon has its own axis upon which it rotates. And the moon orbits the Earth and one full rotation takes about 28 days.  

Final answer:

The true statement is that we never see the far side of the moon from Earth because the Moon is in synchronous orbit. The near side is always facing Earth due to the Moon's rotational period matching its orbital period. The other statements are false.

Explanation:

Out of the options provided, the true statement is 1. We never get to see the far side of the moon. The Moon is in synchronous orbit around Earth, which means it rotates on its axis in the exact amount of time it takes to orbit Earth. This causes the near side of the Moon to always face the Earth while the far side always faces away. We can see different amounts of the near side illuminated by the sun over the course of a month, which are the phases of the Moon.

The other statements are false:

Answer:

He is wrong because "Specialization can occur from biological forces as well."

Explanation:

The biological forces are the non-social factors which enhances the physical structure of a person, mostly it is about the human physic. Biological forces also affects the person's psychological as well as the sociocultural forces in order make a fully organized and developed human being or a person.  Not only the physic it may be any physiological, chemical, neurological or can be genetic condition. They are the primary factor to know the behavior of a person.

Answer:

b

Explanation:

speciation can occur from biological forces as well.

Answer:

the answer is gene

Explanation:

hope this helps :)

The structure carries instructions for producing the proteins that help make a person’s hair curly is gene. The correct option is D.

DNA is the component of genes. Some genes serve as blueprints for the synthesis of proteins. Many genes do not, however, code for proteins.

A few hundred DNA bases to more than 2 million bases make up a gene in a human.

Your human anatomy is created and maintained by your DNA. Genes are sections of your DNA that give you the physical traits that set you apart from others.

Your body's cells are guided by a detailed manual that is collectively present in your body.

The gene is the structure that contains the instructions for making the proteins that contribute to a person's curly hair.

Thus, the correct option is D.

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