Tanya buys a certain brand of soft drink only when she gets discount coupons for it. she discontinues purchasing it when the discount coupons run out. this is an example of _____.

The best option in the situation of Dawn is to chose a primary site, for it will be able to provide her the alternative she needs in her facility and organization’s primary data center as this allows multiple servers and network allocation that is needed by them.

RFP or request for proposal is used when the buyer wants his suppliers to come up with different  proposals or solutions to his problem. Accompanying costs is also be identified in the proposal. RFP can be run in a quick  e-sourcing system, saving you  time. So Thomas must secure this type of E-procurement solutions software where he can upload useful documents like pricing template in the system. It is also useful because it is easier to compare bids. It will  also help Thomas  build trust with suppliers by showing that his company is credible and  run in a formal, professional manner.

The new products can be referred to as line extensions. Line extensions is a way of having a new item in the same category and having to name its brand name. It is seen in the scenario above where they try a new product under the same category.

Overfitting occurs when a model is too closely fit to its training data, causing it to perform poorly on new data. This is because it catches the random noise in the data along with the pattern, impeding its ability to generalize to new instances.

The concept of overfitting refers to a modeling error which occurs when a function is too closely fit to a limited set of data points. So if a model is perfectly fit to the training data with zero errors, it seems good initially, but it's not necessarily so. This is because it may have caught the 'noise' in the data (random or meaningless variation) along with the underlying pattern. As a result, this overfitted model will perform poorly in predicting new instances, as when encountering new data, it reacts to the noise rather than observing the actual trend. A small error on the training data signifies a good balance between bias and variance, stopping the model from becoming too simplistic or too complex and subsequently, making more accurate predictions on unseen data.

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The market for public utilities does not display the characteristics of a perfectly competitive market; it is more akin to a natural monopoly due to the high costs and inefficiencies of duplicated infrastructure. They often have regulated or limited competition and the power to set prices. Real-world markets, including public utilities, often require government intervention to provide public goods effectively.

The market for public utilities, such as gas and electricity, does not exhibit the two primary characteristics of perfectly competitive markets. These characteristics are: (1) the product offered is a homogeneous commodity, and (2) market participants are price takers due to the high degree of competition. Public utilities are considered examples of a natural monopoly, where the high infrastructure costs and the impracticality of having multiple sets of utility lines make competitive markets less efficient.

Public utilities, therefore, typically operate in an environment with reduced competition, where a single provider or a limited number of providers serve a market. These providers often have significant control over the pricing and supply of their services, contrary to perfect competition principles.

Moreover, public goods, such as national defense or environmental quality, which are nonexcludable and non-rival, often require government intervention or other collective measures to ensure that they are provided effectively, addressing the free rider problem. The nature of public utilities and public goods showcases that real-world markets often deviate from the theoretical efficiency of perfect competition.

The student's question seems to revolve around tactics used by a company responsible for marketing and legal defenses of their product, with an incorrect statement that needs to be identified. The examples provided include a variety of tactics used by different companies to promote their products, control markets, and defend hiring practices, as well as pressures to innovate to maintain market competitiveness.

The tactics of marketing and defending a product can be quite elaborate and diverse. Companies like the one responsible for the Rely tampon have been known to deploy a variety of strategies to promote their product and shield the brand from negatives. While the provided information does not directly mention Rely tampons, it discusses tactics that companies might use, such as secret meetings to control the market and price setting, as seen in the laundry detergent industry in France. In the case of Rely tampons, the tactics used excluding one were not specified. However, historical context suggests that these tactics could have ranged from aggressive marketing to legal defenses of their products and business practices.

Similarly, companies have often had to defend their hiring practices. The rationale given in these defenses, such as women 'not liking competition' or not understanding the products well, reflects both a marketing strategy and a defensive stance in terms of public relations and human resources. These practices speak to gender biases present in the workplace and could be part of a larger strategy to maintain a certain corporate image or protect market share.

In the broader context of consumer products, companies are under constant pressure to innovate, as seen in the example of a continually changing toothbrush design. This reflects a perpetual motion in the consumer market, driving the need for new products and the continuous employment of designers and marketers. While these tactics are ostensibly about staying competitive, they also impact consumer behavior, making it difficult for consumers to find the same product twice and thereby encouraging continued consumption.

Final answer:

Independent Commercial Websites provide small businesses with networking opportunities, do-it-yourself production capabilities, and improved visibility and reach in the digital marketplace.

Explanation:

Small businesses benefit from independent Commercial Websites like PlasticsNet, HospitalNetwork.com, and TextileWeb. These platforms offer various advantages, such as networking opportunities for diverse groups, including women, ethnic minorities, and employees with disabilities. Moreover, they serve as technological platforms that businesses can leverage for multiple purposes, such as do-it-yourself (DIY) production, which enables companies to save on design, production, and shipping costs by creating custom or specialty products in-house.

Furthermore, having a network through such platforms can be instrumental in finding jobs and receiving better services, such as specialized medical care. These commercial websites typically use domains like .com, .biz, and .info to promote goods and services offered by various companies, thereby enhancing their visibility and reach in an increasingly digital marketplace.

Successful students at the University of Phoenix manage their time well, stay organized, uphold integrity, use effective study skills, and engage actively in their academic environment. These skills are essential for excelling academically and professionally.

To excel at the University of Phoenix, students should develop the following traits:

These traits not only help in achieving academic success but also prepare students for professional excellence.

The statement that gross pay minus deductions equals take home pay is true. Gross pay is the total money earned before deductions like taxes and social security, and the leftover amount after such deductions is called take home pay or net income.

The student's statement is true. Gross pay refers to the total amount of money one earned before any deductions are made. These deductions might include taxes, social security, pension contributions, or any other amounts that are typically subtracted from a worker's earnings. After these deductions are made, the remaining amount, which is what you actually take home, is known as your take home pay or net income. Therefore, it's correct to say that gross pay minus deductions equals take home pay.

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Final answer:

Initially, astronomers struggled to choose between Copernicus' heliocentric model and the Ptolemaic geocentric model due to prevailing philosophical and religious beliefs that downplayed empirical evidence, as well as the Ptolemaic system's elaborate but adjustable method for describing planetary motion.

Explanation:

The question posed asks about the factors that hindered astronomers from initially deciding between the Copernican heliocentric model and the Ptolemaic geocentric model. Two major factors that made this decision challenging were:

Copernicus himself could not provide conclusive proof that Earth revolved around the Sun. The decision was complicated as the Ptolemaic system, despite being more cumbersome, could still correspond to the observed movements of planets with some adjustments.

Final answer:

Astronomers had difficulty choosing between the heliocentric and geocentric models initially due to deep-rooted philosophical and religious convictions and the geocentric model's ability to predict planetary motions adequately. It was later scientific evidence that eventually swayed opinion in favor of the heliocentric model.

Explanation:

The question asks about two factors that made it challenging for astronomers to choose between the Copernican heliocentric model and the Ptolemaic geocentric model. One significant reason was a long-standing belief system backed by philosophical tradition and the Catholic Church that valued divine revelation and pure human thought over empirical evidence. Nature, as experienced through the senses, was considered unreliable. Secondly, the geocentric model of Ptolemy, despite being less elegant, was able to predict planetary motions reasonably well with just a few adjustments, making it hard to outright dismiss in favor of Copernicus's model, which lacked the observational proof at the time.

In summary, the adherence to philosophical and religious beliefs over empirical evidence, and the fact that geocentric predictions worked adequately, muddied the waters in deciding which model accurately described the cosmos. It wasn't until the work of scientists like Kepler and Galileo, providing evidence and improving upon Copernican theory, that the heliocentric model gained predominant support.