The 1998 tobacco industry settlement in the united states prohibited ______.

The Enlightenment was a sprawling intellectual, philosophical, cultural, and social movement that spread through England, France, Germany, and other parts of Europe during the 1700s. Enabled by the Scientific Revolution, which had begun as early as 1500, the Enlightenment represented about as big of a departure as possible from the Middle Ages—the period in European history lasting from roughly the fifth century to the fifteenth.

The millennium of the Middle Ages had been marked by unwavering religious devotion and unfathomable cruelty. Rarely before or after did the Church have as much power as it did during those thousand years. With the Holy Roman Empire as a foundation, missions such as the Crusades and Inquisition were conducted in part to find and persecute heretics, often with torture and death. Although standard at the time, such harsh injustices would eventually offend and scare Europeans into change. Science, though encouraged in the late Middle Ages as a form of piety and appreciation of God’s creation, was frequently regarded as heresy, and those who tried to explain miracles and other matters of faith faced harsh punishment. Society was highly hierarchical, with serfdom a widespread practice. There were no mandates regarding personal liberties or rights, and many Europeans feared religion—either at the hands of an unmerciful God or at the hands of the sometimes brutal Church itself.

The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment, however, opened a path for independent thought, and the fields of mathematics, astronomy, physics, politics, economics, philosophy, and medicine were drastically updated and expanded. The amount of new knowledge that emerged was staggering. Just as important was the enthusiasm with which people approached the Enlightenment: intellectual salons popped up in France, philosophical discussions were held, and the increasingly literate population read books and passed them around feverishly. The Enlightenment and all of the new knowledge thus permeated nearly every facet of civilized life. Not everyone participated, as many uneducated, rural citizens were unable to share in the Enlightenment during its course. But even their time would come, as the Enlightenment also prompted the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, which provided rural dwellers with jobs and new cities in which to live.

Whether considered from an intellectual, political, or social standpoint, the advancements of the Enlightenment transformed the Western world into an intelligent and self-aware civilization. Moreover, it directly inspired the creation of the world’s first great democracy, the United States of America. The new freedoms and ideas sometimes led to abuses—in particular, the descent of the French Revolution from a positive, productive coup into tyranny and bedlam. In response to the violence of the French Revolution, some Europeans began to blame the Enlightenment’s attacks on tradition and breakdown of norms for inducing the anarchy.

Indeed, it took time for people to overcome this opinion and appreciate the Enlightenment’s beneficial effect on their daily lives. But concrete, productive changes did, in fact, appear, under guises as varied as the ideas that inspired them. The effects of Enlightenment thought soon permeated both European and American life, from improved women’s rights to more efficient steam engines, from fairer judicial systems to increased educational opportunities, from revolutionary economic theories to a rich array of literature and music.

These ideas, works, and principles of the Enlightenment would continue to affect Europe and the rest of the Western world for decades and even centuries to come. Nearly every theory or fact that is held in modern science has a foundation in the Enlightenment; in fact, many remain just as they were established. Yet it is not simply the knowledge attained during the Enlightenment that makes the era so pivotal—it’s also the era’s groundbreaking and tenacious new approaches to investigation, reasoning, and problem solving that make it so important. Never before had people been so vocal about making a difference in the world; although some may have been persecuted for their new ideas, it nevertheless became indisputable that thought had the power to incite real change. Just like calculus or free trade, the very concept of freedom of expression had to come from somewhere, and it too had firm roots in the Enlightenment.

The excerpt likely refers to Pennsylvania's policy of religious tolerance, as the colony was known for its Quaker-led commitment to religious freedom and equality, promoting peace with the local native tribes.

The excerpt from a letter of an early settler in Pennsylvania likely describes the colony's policy of religious tolerance. Pennsylvania, particularly under Quaker leadership, was known for its commitment to religious freedom and peaceful coexistence. William Penn, a Quaker himself, and the other settlers believed everyone had an "inner light" and advocated for radical social equality. This deeply held belief manifested in the colony's acceptance of different religious practices and its tendency to establish friendly relations with local native tribes, like the Lenni Lenape and Susquehannocks, ensuring a peaceful existence compared to other colonies that often experienced conflict.

Spirit of law is a agreement on political theory that pioneers the work in comparative law which was issued by Charles de Secondat and Baron de Montesquieu in the year 1748. Proper government structure, including the division of power is the best description that focuses the Spirit of Laws.

Answer:

B

Explanation:

The correct answer is B) making laws.

In the British monarchy, the Queen has all of the following roles except "Making Law."

The Queen of England is the most important figure in Britain but in fact, she has an "honorary" function rather than an operative or decision.making function in the government of England. She is the Head of State, Head of the Nation and provides a sense of stability and continuity that unifies the people from England, Wales, and Scotland.

In Great Britain, the political branch that can create laws is the British Parliament. And the most prominent political figure of the government is the Prime Minister.

Answer:

the answer is A.  Prince Odoacer forced Augustulus to hand over his crown, and Germanic kingdoms claimed the land.

Explanation: took the test and got it right.

The correct answer is A) it gives clues about the theme of the story.

A backstory is important in a myth because it gives clues about the theme of the story.

A background is necessary for the reader or the audience to understand the circumstances in which the story is developed. It creates the context of the story. It can introduce the characters, the situations that were involved in and how they are part of the story. It can explain some important details to understand the myth and how it affects the story.

Being a member of a Populist movement embodies agricultural interests and supports the government regulator of domination. The movement energize thousands of American women because they were given a chance to acquire their women’s rights. They were given a chance attend college and to work and reform movements. They also gain political experience, wherein they were given a chance to campaign for their right to vote during the national elections

Final answer:

The contemporary legislative branch has responded to factions through polarization, expanded power of party leadership, and transformation of the legislative process.

Explanation:

The contemporary legislative branch has responded to factions through various means. One major challenge that legislatures face in the 21st century is polarization, where political actors and voters are divided between extreme positions. This has affected the ability of legislatures to be effective, as members increasingly only support legislation from their own party. As a result, parties have had to rely more heavily on parliamentary maneuvers to pass significant legislation. Another response to factions is the expanded power and influence of party leadership over the control of bills. This heightened partisanship has made the party leadership reluctant to allow committees to work on their own, using special rules to guide bills towards a particular outcome. Additionally, the classic legislative process has transformed, with the budgeting process being used to pass large pieces of legislation. This has further empowered the leadership but undermined the role of committees.

The individual's point of view for the movie apocalypto is that it was a backdrop.

"Apocalypto," a Greek term for an uncovering or fresh beginning, "simply conveys so clearly what I want to portray," Gibson said of the film's title. "I suppose it's simply a general term." Anything needs to stop in order for anything to begin. All of those factors are present.

Mel Gibson describes Apocalypto's Mayan setting as "merely the backdrop" for a more universal drama about "civilizations and what ruins them." The producers meant for Maya's demise to reflect difficulties in current society.

Therefore, it can be concluded that Individuals' perceptions of the film Apocalypto include that it served as a backdrop.

Learn more about Apocalypto here:

https://brainly.com/question/13474500

#SPJ5

The conflict between the clergy and the third estate was crucial during the French Revolution, arising from the clergy's tax privileges and division within the estate. The Third Estate's grievances against the clergy's privileges were captured by Emmanuel Sieyès’s writings, and heightened by voting disputes in the Estates-General, leading to the formation of the National Assembly.

The conflict between the clergy and the third estate was one of the most divisive issues during the French Revolution. The Third Estate, which represented the vast majority of the French population, was burdened by taxes while the First and Second Estates, comprising the clergy and the nobility, enjoyed special privileges and exemptions. The clergy, within the First Estate, were divided, as higher officers often came from the nobility and held wealth and power, while lower clerics, closer to the common people, sometimes supported the Third Estate's grievances.

Emmanuel Sieyès, a non-noble clergyman, wrote 'What is the Third Estate?' which captured the frustrations of being unacknowledged despite being the backbone of society. The Estates-General meeting in 1789 deepened the crisis when the King insisted on voting by estate rather than by head, which would have diluted the Third Estate's influence. The resulting stand-off led to the formation of the National Assembly by the Third Estate and like-minded clergy, signalling the start of a political rebellion and further escalating the conflict.

Final answer:

Early mill owners aimed to maintain social control in an ideal industrial community by providing facilities and enforcing rules to create a disciplined workforce. They designed company towns to influence all aspects of workers' lives and enforce moral guidance, although this could be seen as restrictive and paternalistic.

Explanation:

The vision that early mill owners had about maintaining social control in the ideal industrial community was largely centered on creating a disciplined and orderly workforce. They believed that by providing workers with housing, churches, schools, and other facilities, they could cultivate a community where labor unrest would be minimized and productivity would be maximized. These mill owners often designed company towns, where the provision of needs and social activities were under their control, influencing every aspect of the workers' lives.

These ideal communities were intended not just as workplaces but as places where employees would lead lives in line with the company's values and interests. For example, in some of these towns, the company might enforce rules against drinking alcohol or participating in labor unions, with the aim of creating a stable work environment free from distractions and conflicts that might arise from such behaviors.

However, the reality of these environments could be restrictive and paternalistic, with the mill owners exerting significant control over the personal lives of their workers. This control often extended to moral guidance and monitoring behavior both in and out of the workplace, which was thought to create a more productive and moral character in the mill workers, reflecting the ethos of the Industrial Revolution at the time.

The Greeks, particularly Athens, managed to defeat the larger Persian forces during the Persian Wars due to high morale and effective military strategies like the phalanx. While the Greeks were considered underdogs, their victories underpinned an enduring Pan-Hellenic identity and demonstrated military capability that outmatched the Persians.

The question of who was more superior between the Greeks and the Persians during the Persian Wars is complex, as it involves considerations beyond mere military might. While the Persian Empire controlled an expansive territory and possessed a large army, the Greeks, particularly Athens, managed to achieve a series of unexpected victories. These victories were partly due to the effective Greek military formation, the phalanx, and the high morale and personal loyalty of Greek soldiers compared to the conscripted forces of Persia.

During the Persian War, the Greeks were the underdogs against the vast Persian forces, yet they, especially Athens, emerged victorious at pivotal battles such as Marathon, Thermopylae, Salamis, and Plataea. The victories had significant cultural impacts, bolstering Greek confidence and leading to a Pan-Hellenic identity. It highlighted the military superiority of the Greek forces over the Persians on both land and sea, despite Persia being the established regional superpower at the time.

It's important to note that historical narratives, especially those derived from Greek sources such as Herodotus, often depict Persians as 'barbarians' and may reflect a cultural bias. Both societies had their strengths and complexities, and Greek success in the wars was as much a factor of strategic innovations and unity against a common foe as it was an expression of one culture's absolute superiority over another.

The correct answer is A) i. The Constitution was sent to the states for a vote. ii. States voted on whether to approve the Constitution. iii. Nine of the thirteen original states had to approve it. iv. The Constitution became law.

The lists of steps involved in approving the Constitution in the correct order is "i. The Constitution was sent to the states for a vote. ii. States voted on whether to approve the Constitution. iii. Nine of the thirteen original states had to approve it. iv. The Constitution became law."

During the Constitutional Convention of September 17, 1787, signed the Constitution in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Now, the Constitution had to be ratified by at least nine states. On December 7, 1787, Pennsylvania, Georgia, Delaware, and New Jersey ratified the Constitution. Then, Massachusetts, South Carolina, and Maryland followed. Finally, on June 21, 1788, New Hampshire ratified the Constitution. It was the ninth state needed.

Answer:

He sought passage of the controversial National Industrial Recovery Act.

Explanation:

The correct answer is D. radio announcement. An expository text explains, informs, or describes a topic using factual information and evidence. A radio announcement is not an example of an expository text as it is usually brief and focused on delivering immediate information.

The correct answer is D. radio announcement. An expository text is a type of writing that explains, informs, or describes a topic using factual information and evidence. Examples of expository texts include press releases, book reviews, and news articles, as they present information in a clear and objective manner. However, a radio announcement is usually brief and focused on delivering immediate information, such as news updates or promotional messages, rather than providing in-depth explanations or descriptions. Therefore, it does not qualify as an expository text.