The total mass of the Earth's atmosphere can be calculated using atmospheric pressure and the surface area formula for a sphere. After determining the surface area in square meters and multiplying it by the atmospheric pressure, we find the total weight and divide by gravity to obtain the total mass, which is approximately 5.26 × 1017 kilograms.
Explanation:To calculate the total mass of the atmosphere, we'll use the given average atmospheric pressure at sea level and the formula for the surface area of a sphere. The formula S = 4πr2 gives us the surface area of the Earth where 'r' is the radius of the Earth (6370 km). However, we need the area in square meters, not kilometers, so we convert the radius to meters (6370 km = 6,370,000 m) before calculating.
First, we find the surface area of the Earth:
S = 4πr2 = 4π(6,370,000 m)2 = 4π(40,596,900,000,000 m2) ≈ 510,064,472,000,000 m2.
Next, we know the atmospheric pressure at sea level averages to 1.01 × 105 N/m2. The force exerted on each square meter is equivalent to the weight of the air column above it. To find the total weight of the atmosphere, we multiply the atmospheric pressure by the Earth's surface area:
Total weight of the atmosphere = pressure × surface area = 1.01 × 105 N/m2 × 510,064,472,000,000 m2 ≈ 5.15 × 1018 N.
Since weight is the product of mass (m) and gravity (g), where g ≈ 9.8 m/s2, we can calculate the total mass (m) by dividing the total weight by gravity:
Total mass of the atmosphere = Total weight / g = 5.15 × 1018 N / 9.8 m/s2 ≈ 5.26 × 1017 kg.
So, the total mass of the Earth's atmosphere is approximately 5.26 × 1017 kilograms.
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Tectonic plates move about as fast as ________. a. Grass grows in the summer b. A river flows c. A snail crawls d. Your fingernails grow e. A child crawls
Answer:
I think it its river flows
Explanation:
it rhymes
Final answer:
Tectonic plates move at a rate similar to the growth of fingernails, averaging 4 to 5 cm per year. In one second, a plate moves a distance of 1.3 x 10^-9 meters, and over millions of years, they can travel 40 kilometers, dramatically altering the Earth's surface.
Explanation:
Tectonic plates move at a rate that is comparable to how your fingernails grow. These large segments of the Earth's crust travel very slowly on a geological scale, with average speeds of about 4 to 5 centimeters per year. This motion is so gradual that it's likened to the rate at which hair grows as well. Over the course of millions of years, this movement can lead to significant changes in the Earth's surface, rearranging continents and altering global topography.
To provide a sense of perspective, if one such plate has an average speed of 4.0 cm/year, the distance it moves in one second would be minuscule, representing a mere 1.3 × 10-9 meters. When concerning larger time frames, the plate's speed translates to 40 kilometers per million years (4.0 × 101 km/million years), which can be reported using scientific notation to reflect the vast scales of time and space involved in tectonic movement.
If you wander around Central Park in New York City, you will eventually encounter random, large boulders that are made of a type of rock not found in the area. How did these large boulders get to Central Park?
A. The Parks and Recreation Department placed them there for kids to play on.
B. They were carried by rivers and deposited in point bars.
C. They were carried by glaciers and dropped to form glacial erratics.
D. They were placed there by a giant tsunami millions of years ago.
Answer:
C. They were carried by glaciers and dropped to form glacial erratic.
Explanation:
There four different types of bedrocks in the Manhattan as in the Central park the Manhattan schist and the Hart-land shirts which are metamorphosed sedimentary rocks, and exposed in the outcrop. And some consists of the igneous rocks that are formed by billions of years ago. At the time of the Grenville progeny and it occurred in the creation of the ancient super landmass. Various glaciers have covered the area of the central park in the past and most recently was the Wisconsin glacier about 12,000 years ago that formed erratic.Which of the following statements about biomes is false?
a. Plants, more than animals, are used to characterize biomes.
b. Determination of biomes incorporates taxonomic similarities among organisms.
c. The same biome can be found on different continents.
d. The determination of biomes generally relies on similarities in the morphological responses of organisms to the physical environment.
e. All of the above are true.
Answer:
the correct answer is
b. Determination of biomes incorporates taxonomic similarities among organisms.
good luck ❤
Determination of biomes incorporates taxonomic similarities among organisms is a false statement.
Population is simply known as a group of living organisms usually of the same kind that resides in the same environment . Populations makes up a community.
A biome is simply known as a community on a very much larger scale, where habitats view each other, and is known by the temperature, precipitation, and types of plants and animals that resides in it.
The Earth’s biomes are grouped into two major groups: which are:
terrestrial and aquatic.Conclusively, to find out or know more about biomes , there is no need to used taxonomic similarities among organisms.
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The ratio of distance on a map to actual ground distance is known as:
A) the map legend
B) the map scale
C) the map revolution
D) the cartographic rule
E) the purpose of the map
Answer: The map scale
Explanation: A Map Scale is defined as the ratio of the distance on a map to the distance on the surface the map represents. For example, 1 centimetres on a map represents 10 kilometres on the surface of the Earth. What this means is that for every 1 centimetre you measure on the map, that equates to 10 kilometres on Earth/ real life.
New lithosphere is produced in association with:
A. mid-ocean ridges.
B. hydrothermal vents.
C. fracture zones.
D. transform faults.
E. deep-sea trenches.
New lithosphere is produced in association with mid-ocean ridges. Hence, option A is correct.
What is meant by lithosphere?The lithosphere is the name given to the Earth's outer, solid layer. The lithosphere is the collective name for the two brittle uppermost mantle layers and the crust, which make up the Earth's outermost layers.
Its borders are formed by the atmosphere and the asthenosphere, another part of the upper mantle. The lithosphere, the Earth's top layer, is made up of the crust and the fragile upper mantle.
The English word "lithosphere" is derived from the Greek words "lithos," which means stone, and "sphaira," which means ball or globe. The crust and the brittle upper mantle make up the lithosphere, the Earth's outermost layer.
Thus, option A is correct.
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Which glacial feature is likely to host a waterfall or steep rapids today?Selected:
a. hanging valley
b. horn peak
c. outwash plain
d. striated drumlin
Answer:
a. hanging valley
Explanation:
A hanging valley is a tributary valley that is higher ran the main valley and is associated with a U shaped formation of the glaciers and it forms the waterfalls and they flow down in large volumes. And they also occur in the fjords systems of the Norway often having waterfalls in the upper valleys.True or false:
According to one of the animations linked to our Web site, in December sensible heat flux over North America ranges from 0 to minus 100 (-100) W/m**2 while over Australia sensible heat flux ranges 50 to 200 W/m**2 or greater.
Answer:
True
Explanation:
in December, sensible heat flux over North America truly ranges from 0 to minus 100 (-100) W/m**2 while over Australia sensible heat flux ranges 50 to 200 W/m**2 or greater.
You read a weather report that states that for a specific date, the normal (norm) high temperature is 70deg F. In this case, the 70deg norm represents the average of all high temperatures for that date taken over a 30 year period.
a. True
b. False
Answer:
b. False
Explanation:
False.
Related to the difference in meaning between weather and climate.
The weather report is about the next few days, how the weather is going to look.
When it is looked from a time perspective, that is, a period of time such as the past 30 years is studied, we are talking about climate. So if you read from a climate report, this would be correct. However, from a weather report is wrong in this case.
It can be resumed the following way:
Weather: short-term changes, like in days
Climate: Long term changes, years or decades.
As our world experiences a deep economic downturn, what is the best plan of action to combat global recession?
Answer:
The best plan to combat the global recession would be the one that puts emphasis on the increased fluidity of an all-inclusive international trade and commerce with diluted restrictions and negligible barriers.
Explanation:
In order to combat a global recession, it would be primarily necessary to motivate the populations across the world to help rejuvenate the markets by engaging in buying and selling activities. This would happen if the markets offer varied choices in prices and quality of the products available for trade. In order to be able to offer this choice, a certain level of fluidity in the supply of commodities from all over the world would be necessary.True/False
50% of the Earth's atmosphere (total mass) is below 30km (19mi) from the surface.
Answer:
False
Explanation:
solution
when we move upward from ground, there some layer we divided in atmosphere there name is as troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere and exosphere
and here lowest layer of our atmosphere is troposphere and it is extend upto 10km or 6.2 miles
but 50 percent of total mass of atmosphere is located in troposphere in about 5 to 6 km or 3.1 to 3.7 miles
so given statement is false
Around 50% of the Earth's atmosphere (total mass) is below 30km from the surface.
Explanation:The statement is true. Around 50% of the Earth's atmosphere (in terms of total mass) is below 30km (19mi) from the surface.
The Earth's atmosphere is composed of different layers, and the troposphere is the lowest layer that extends from the surface up to about 10-15km. It contains most of the gases and weather phenomena that we experience. Above the troposphere, there are other layers like the stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere.
Although the troposphere is the thickest layer of the atmosphere, it only accounts for a small fraction of the Earth's total mass compared to the layers above it. Therefore, the statement is true.
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Describe how moist air can be lifted to form a cloud?
Answer:
Clouds form when moist, warm rising air cools and expands in the atmosphere. The water vapor in the air condenses to form tiny water droplets which combine to form clouds.
Answer:
They form moist air due to liquidfydation and recipitation.
Explanation:
Cuz can?
All regions possess all of the following except:A) absolute location
B) area
C) homogeneity
D) boundaries
E) relative location
Final answer:
All regions possess all of the following except: absolute location, area, homogeneity, boundaries, relative location.
Explanation:
A region is a basic unit of study in geography, characterized by a feature such as a common government, language, political situation, or landform. Regions can be defined by physical factors like climate, vegetation, river systems, or human factors like language, trade networks, or religion. However, all regions possess all of the following except:
A) absolute location: Absolute location refers to an exact point on the earth's surface without regard to how that point is related to any other place. It is vital to cartography and human activities that require the identification of a place.
B) area: Area is a measure of the extent or size of a region, and is a key characteristic of regions.
C) homogeneity: Homogeneity refers to the similarity or sameness of a trait or characteristic within a region. It is an important feature of formal regions, where locations within the region generally share a common trait.
D) boundaries: Boundaries define the extent or limits of a region, separating it from other regions. They can be natural, such as rivers or mountains, or man-made, such as political borders.
E) relative location: Relative location is the location of a place in relation to other places, taking into consideration features such as transportation access or terrain. It helps in comparing the advantages of one location with those of another.
At one time, the Mediterranean Sea flowed into the Black Sea through the Bosporus StraitChoose one:A. and is likely the basis for the Epic of Gilgamesh and the biblical epic of Noah's Ark. B. through a waterfall that was twice as large as Niagara Falls. C. after global temperatures cooled and ice created a dam, diverting the Mediterranean. D. creating an influx of water that rose 1 m per day!
Answer:
A. and is likely the basis for the Epic of Gilgamesh and the biblical epic of Noah's Ark.
Explanation:
These are two common stories about the great flood. They were also similar circumstances.
Mediterranean water flowed into the Black Sea through its single connection: the Bosporus Strait.
The Mediterranean water that does inflow mixes with fresher Black Sea water, and as its salinity and density decreases, the Mediterranean water forms plume-shaped features. These plumes flow away from the mouth of the strait and descend until their density matches that of surrounding waters, usually at depths of 100 to 600 meters.
This creates some sort of stormy environment, which is reminiscent of the two religious stories.
The Mediterranean Sea connects with the Atlantic Ocean and is enclosed by the land surrounding it. The Mediterranean sea connects with the Black sea through a Bosporus Strait.
The correct answer is:
Option A. is likely the basis for the Epic of Gilgamesh and the biblical epic of Noah's Ark.
The Mediterranean sea and Black sea are believed to be emerged some 6,500 to 7000 years ago due to great glaciations.
The Mediterranean and black sea have similar stories about floods, such that the water in the mediterranean sea flowed back to the black sea.
The large freshwater lake, the Black sea when mixed with the mediterranean sea inflow, results in the decrease of density and salinity. this leads to the formation of plume-shaped structures.
The plumes flow from the Bosporus Strait and descend to match the density of the surrounding waters. Thus, it leads to a stormy and windy environment, which is similar to the Epic of Gilgamesh and Noah's Ark.
Therefore, Option A is correct.
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How did the earthworm's mode of location compare to the nematode's mode of location?
Answer: The earthworm contracts and extends in its movement, but the nematode moves side by side.
Explanation:
NOTE: By mode of location, we mean the way it moves.
The skin of a nematode is very unusual in that it secretes a thick outer cuticle which is both hard and flexible. And this cuticle makes it sustain a side by side mode of location. The closest thing a roundworm has to a skeleton is its cuticle and it uses it as a support and balance point for movement. Long muscles lie just underneath the epidermis and are all aligned longitudinally along the inside of the body, so the nematode can only bend its body from side to side, not contract or extend itself.
Whereas the earthworm extends and contracts as its mode of location.
An earthworm moves by using its two different sets of muscles: circular muscles for looping around each segment, and the longitudinal muscles for running along the length of the body.
The contraction of the circular muscles make the earthworm stretch becoming longer and thinner. The earthworm uses its longitudinal muscles to contract and thus becomes shorter and wider or it bends from one side to the other, pulling the body forward in the process. The earthworm withdraws the front setae and uses its rear setae to anchor itself at the back. Then the earthworm uses its circular muscles to lengthen and push itself forward again.
The present international treaty regarding Antarctica:
Options:
A. Divides the land among the twelve nations claiming rights to it.
B. Allocates petroleum and mineral rights among the twelve original treaty signers and eleven other nations.
C. Prohibits radioactive-waste disposal, weapons testing, and military related activities on the continent.
D. All of the choices are correct.
Answer:
C. Prohibits radioactive-waste disposal, weapons testing, and military related activities on the continent
Explanation:
The Antarctica treaty which was signed in 1959 and still in usage stipulates all military activities , radioactive testing and disposal, weapon testing activities should be prohibited. The treaty is only modifiable every 30 years .
Presently , mineral exploration are not allowed.
Chinese immigrants to the West: a. were exclusively single men, particularly after the Civil War. b. concentrated primarily in the Pacific Northwest, where lumber and fishing jobs were plentiful. c. grew to several million in number by the 1890s, due to the absence of federal immigration quotas. d. worked in shoe and cigar factories in western cities. e. were exclusively women working as domestics.
Final answer:
Chinese immigrants to the West were exclusively single men, particularly after the Civil War who arrived for the Gold Rush and railroad construction. They faced significant discrimination and legal restrictions, particularly under the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, which limited their numbers and prevented naturalization. Their experiences were marked by hardship, limited job opportunities, and racial prejudice.
Explanation:
The question pertains to the characteristics and experiences of Chinese immigrants who moved to the American West. Chinese immigrants began arriving in significant numbers during the mid-19th century, initially attracted by opportunities such as the Gold Rush and the construction of the Transcontinental Railroad. Most of these immigrants were men who planned to return to China after earning money. Discrimination and legal restrictions like the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 severely limited their opportunities and ability to become citizens or to establish a substantial community.
The notion that Chinese immigrants were numerous, reaching several million by the 1890s, is incorrect due to the federal immigration quotas that were put in place, which included the Chinese Exclusion Act that restricted their immigration and naturalization. They also faced job competition and racial prejudices, which culminated in laws limiting their participation in various sectors of society and the economy.
Immigrants who are unhappy with their new homeland and move back to their native land are engaging in what type of migration?
Answer:
Transnational activities.
Explanation:
The High levels of attachment with the home country are shown by a weaker attachment like that of the 50% of the Latino immigrants to the U.S. states. A clear majority of them i.e (67%) still see their future in the other nations rather than those they come from or live in.2. I am at Opening Day for the St. Louis Cardinals and weather reports from the morning hinted at the possibility of rain during the game. What type of imagery would I monitor to know if the game could be delayed by rain?
Answer:
Radar Reflectivity Imagery
Explanation:
Precipitation intensity is measured by a ground-based radar that bounces radar waves off of precipitation. The Local Radar base reflectivity product is a display of echo intensity (reflectivity) measured in dBZ (decibels). Reflectivity is the amount of transmitted power returned to the radar receiver after hitting precipitation, compared to a reference power density at a distance of 1 meter from the radar antenna. Radar returns are usually described by colour or level. The colours in a radar image normally range from blue or green for weak returns, to red or magenta for very strong returns. r example, the U.S. National NEXRAD radar sites use the following scale for different levels of reflectivity:
magenta: 65 dBZ (extremely heavy precipitation, > 16 in (410 mm) per hour, but likely hail)
red: 50 dBZ (heavy precipitation of 2 in (51 mm) per hour)
yellow: 35 dBZ (moderate precipitation of 0.25 in (6.4 mm) per hour)
green: 20 dBZ (light precipitation)
Strong returns (red or magenta) may indicate not only heavy rain but also thunderstorms, hail, strong winds, or tornadoes, but they need to be interpreted carefully.