Light pollution, caused by scattered light from outdoor artificial lighting, not only impacts astronomy but disrupts animal life cycles and contributes to unnecessary energy waste. New forms of light pollution like reflections from commercial satellites are additionally disrupting astronomical photography.
Explanation:The brightening of the night sky by light scattered from artificial outdoor lighting is referred to as Light Pollution. This essentially is the wasted light that spills into our night sky, hindering the visibility of stars and planets - an issue of significant concern for astronomers. However, Light Pollution also disrupts life cycles of animals we share our urban and suburban environment with and leads to unnecessary operational costs for municipalities due to the excessive usage of fossil fuels.
Moreover, recent developments have indicated a new threat in the form of multiple commercial companies planning and launching numerous satellites into low-Earth orbit. This is being done to provide internet access globally, but these satellites reflect sunlight, which has started to negatively impact astronomical photography.
There are initiatives channels that share comprehensive data on Light Pollution like the International Dark-Sky Association, and citizen science projects such as Globe at Night, aimed at inviting citizens to gauge the light levels in our communities.
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The radius of a niobium atom is 131 pm. how many niobium atoms would have to be laid side by side to span a distance of 2.40 mm
The number of atoms required to span the given distance is [tex]9.1\times 10^8[/tex].
The SI unit of length is the meter. The unit conversion of the picometer and millimeter to the meter is:
[tex]1\ pm= 10^{-12}\ m\\1\ mm= 10^{-3}\ m[/tex]
Given:
The radius of the niobium atom, [tex]r=131\ pm[/tex]
The length to be covered is [tex](l) =2.40\ mm[/tex]
Convert both magnitudes into meters.
[tex]r=131\times10^{-12}\ m\\l=2.40\times10^{-3}\ m[/tex]
The number of atoms required to cover the length is calculated as:[tex]n=\frac{l}{2\times r}\\=\frac{2.40\times 10^{-3}}{2\times1.31\times10^{-12}}\\=9.6\times10^8[/tex]
Therefore, the number of atoms required to span the given distance is [tex]9.1\times 10^8[/tex].
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Final answer:
Approximately 9160 niobium atoms, each with a diameter of 262 pm, would need to be laid side by side to span a distance of 2.40 mm.
Explanation:
To determine how many niobium atoms would span a distance of 2.40 mm, we need to convert the length into picometers (pm) since the atomic radius of niobium is given in picometers. First, convert millimeters to picometers:
1 mm = 106 pm
Therefore, 2.40 mm equals 2.40 × 10⁶ pm:
2.40 mm = 2.40 × 10⁶ pm
Next, since the atomic radius of niobium is the distance from the center to the edge of one atom, the diameter of one niobium atom is twice the radius. Therefore, the diameter is 2 × 131 pm = 262 pm.
To find out how many niobium atoms fit into 2.40 mm, divide the total distance in picometers by the diameter of one niobium atom:
Number of Niobium atoms = Total distance (pm) / Diameter of one atom (pm)
Number of Niobium atoms = 2.40 × 10⁶ pm / 262 pm
Finally, calculate the number of niobium atoms:
Number of Niobium atoms = 9160.3
Since we cannot have a fraction of an atom, we round to the nearest whole number, which makes it roughly 9160 niobium atoms that would span 2.40 mm.
When water freezes, what happens to the temperature of the surrounding air?
The outermost shell is referred to as the __________ shell. the electrons in the outermost shell are also referred to as the ____________ electrons.
Two arrows are shot vertically upward. the second arrow is shot after the first one, but while the first is still on its way up. the initial speeds are such that both arrows reach their maximum heights at the same instant, although these heights are different. suppose that the initial speed of the first arrow is 31.8 m/s and that the second arrow is fired 1.82 s after the first. determine the initial speed of the second arrow.
Final answer:
To determine the initial speed of the second arrow when both arrows reach their maximum height at the same time, kinematic equations are utilized, taking into account the initial velocity of the first arrow, delay time before the second arrow is fired, and gravity's acceleration.
Explanation:
The problem given is a classic example of two-body motion in which two arrows are launched vertically with different initial velocities, and the challenge is to find the initial speed of the second arrow when both arrows reach their peak heights simultaneously. To solve this problem, we need to use the equations of kinematics for each arrow.
First, we find the time it takes for the first arrow to reach its maximum height using the initial speed and the acceleration due to gravity. The equation for this is derived from the kinematic equation v = u + at, where v is the final velocity (0 m/s at maximum height), u is the initial velocity (31.8 m/s), a is the acceleration (-9.8 m/s² directed downwards), and t is the time. Thus, the time, t, for the first arrow to reach its maximum height can be calculated as follows:
t = (v - u) / a
Knowing the time it takes for the first arrow to reach the maximum height, we can then calculate the initial speed of the second arrow, which is fired 1.82 s later. This involves adding the delay time to the time it took the first arrow to reach the maximum height and then using that total time to determine the initial speed of the second arrow using the kinematic equation u = v - at, with v again being 0 m/s at maximum height.
By carefully evaluating these kinematic equations, we find the initial speed of the second arrow, ensuring that both arrows reach their peak heights at the same moment.
If the voltage is 120 v, and the desired current is 5 a, what resistance must be in the circuit?
Using Ohm's Law, the resistance required in a circuit with a voltage of 120 volts to achieve a current of 5 amps is calculated to be 24 ohms.
To determine the resistance that must be in the circuit when the voltage is 120 volts, and the current is 5 amps, you can use Ohm's Law.
Ohm's Law states that V = IR, where V is the voltage, I is the current, and R is the resistance. You can rearrange the equation to solve for resistance: R = V/I.
Plugging the given values into this formula:
Voltage (V) = 120 volts
Current (I) = 5 amps
Resistance (R) = V/I = 120V / 5A = 24 ohms.
Therefore, the circuit must have a resistance of 24 ohms to achieve a current of 5 amps with a voltage of 120 volts.
A golfer, standing on a fairway, hits a shot to a green that is elevated 7.67 m above the point where she is standing. if the ball leaves her club with a velocity of 38.0 m/s at an angle of 33.9 ° above the ground, find the time that the ball is in the air before it hits the green.
Final answer:
To find the time the golf ball is in the air before hitting the green, analyze the vertical component of the initial velocity to calculate the time of flight, which is around 3.44 seconds.
Explanation:
The time that the ball is in the air before it hits the green can be calculated using the vertical motion of the ball.
By analyzing the vertical component of the initial velocity, you can determine the time of flight using the equation for motion under gravity.
In this case, the time the ball is in the air is approximately 3.44 seconds.
What angle can you kick a football that will make the initial vertical component of the velocity equal to the initial horizontal component of the velocity?
Trigonometry allows finding the result for the angle for which the components of the velocity are equal is:
The angle is: θ = 45º
Trigonometry allows you to find the component of the vectors with the relationships.
[tex]cos \theta = \frac{v_x}{v} \\sin \theta = \frac{v_y}{v}[/tex]
vₓ = v cos θ
[tex]v_y[/tex] = v sin sin θ
Indicates that the values of the two components are equal therefore.
[tex]v_y = v_x[/tex]
sin θ = cos θ
The only angle where the sine and cosine values are equal is 45º
In conclusion using trigonometry we can find the result for the angle for which the components of the velocity are equal is:
The angle is: θ = 45º
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When jogging outside you accidently bump into a curb. Your feet stop but your body continues to move forward and you end up on the ground. Which law of motion is being described in this scenario?
A group of 7 campers has 4 hours to hike to a lighthouse and back before sundown. the lighthouse is 28 meters high. it is located 12 kilometers from camp. how fast do they have to walk?
We must take note that the 28 meters high is simply a diversion. What we only need is the 4 hours and 12 kilometers distance. The formula for calculating the speed or velocity is :
velocity = distance / time
Therefore:
velocity = 12 km / 4 h
velocity = 3 km / h = 0.83 m / s
Answer: So the campers must travel 12km two times (because they must go back after reached the lighthouse), and 28m two times.
If they keep the velocity constant (it means that they climb up and down the stairs at the same speed that they walk )
then you could add the whole distance as 12km*2 + 28m*2
a km is 1000m, so the distance will be 12000*2m+28*2m = 24046m
and they have 4 hours to do this, so the velocity is distance over time, they should do 24046m/4hours = 6011.5m/h or 6.0115km/h
What is the relationship between temperature and depth inside earth is this relationship the same for pressure?
PLEASE HELP ME WITH THIS SCIENCE QUESTION!!! 12 points plus brainliest!!!
Select all that apply.
Which of the following are density labels? (you can pick more then one!)
kg/L
g/m
g/mL
cm^3/g
Answer:
The correct options are kg/L and g/mL
Explanation:
The formula for density can be expressed as
Density = mass ÷ volume
where the mass can be in grams (g) or kilograms (kg) and the volume can be in cubic centimeter (cm³) or liter (L) respectively.
It should be noted that cubic centimeter (cm³) and milliliter (mL) have the same value. Liter (L) and cubic decimeter (dm³) have the same value also.
Hence, the units for density can be Kg/L or Kg/dm³, g/mL or g/cm³
From the above, it can be noted that kg/L and g/mL are the only correct options provided.
A roller coaster has a mass of 425 kg. It sits at the top of a hill with height 66 m. If it drops from this hill, how fast is it going when it reaches the bottom? (Assume there is no air resistance or friction.)
When Ilana moved her pencil from the location (2,4) cm on her paper to the location (6, 3) cm, the ______ she made was (+4, -1)
Two boxes are suspended from a rope over a pulley. each box has weight 50 n. what is the tension in the rope
The density of pure silver is 10.5 g/cm3 at 20°c. if 5.25 g of pure silver pellets is added to a graduated cylinder containing 11.2 ml of water, to what volume level will the water in the cylinder rise?
Final answer:
Using the density of pure silver (10.5 g/cm³), we calculate that 5.25 g of silver will have a volume of 0.5 cm³, raising the water level in the graduated cylinder from 11.2 mL to 11.7 mL.
Explanation:
The question asks to determine the volume level rise in a graduated cylinder when 5.25 g of pure silver is added to it. To find the rise in the volume of water within the cylinder, we utilize the concept of density, which relationship between mass and volume of a substance. The density of pure silver is given as 10.5 g/cm3. We can calculate the volume of the silver using the formula: Density = Mass / Volume, hence Volume = Mass / Density. Substituting the given values, we get Volume = 5.25 g / 10.5 g/cm3 = 0.5 cm3. Therefore, the volume level in the graduated cylinder will rise from 11.2 mL to 11.7 mL (since 1 cm3 = 1 mL).
An object has a mass of 15 kg and is accelerating to the right at 16.3 m/s2. The free-body diagram shows the horizontal forces acting on the object.
What is the frictional force, Ff, acting on the object?
5.5 N
15 N
244.5 N
494.5 N
Answer :
5.5 N
Answer:
Ff = 5.5 N
Explanation:
Given:
M: 15kg
A: 16.3 m/s2
We use:
[tex]f=ma[/tex]
force=mass*acceleration
[tex](15kg)(16.3m/s^{2} )=244.5N[/tex]
This means that 244.5 N is the net force on the object, and the right vector is showing 250 N, so to find the left vector - which would be a negative number (left direction) - we do
[tex](-Ff)+250N= 244.5N (net force)[/tex]
Which would give us 5.5 N in the left direction (Ff)Hope This Helps!
What's the momentum of a 3.5-kg boulder rolling down hill at 5 m/s
A cyclist travels for 30 min with an average speed of 10km/h. How far does she travel?
Answer:
5 km
Explanation:
Hello
speed is the relationship between a travel length and the time taken for it,and the equation is given by
[tex]V=\frac{displacement(d)}{time\ used\ for\ do\ that\ displacement(t)}\\\\ V=\frac{d}{t}[/tex]
Step 1
the speed and the time are known data, so we have to isolate the displacement
[tex]v=\frac{d}{t}\\d=v*t[/tex]
Step 2
same units of time must be used, hence
using a rule of three let's convert 30 min into hours
[tex]1\ hour = 60\ minutes\\x? hours= 30\ min\\\frac{1\ hour}{60\ minutes}=\frac{x}{30\ minutes } \\ x=\frac{1\ hour*30\ minutes}{60\ minutes}\\x=0.5\ hours\\[/tex]
Step 3
Put the values into the equation
[tex]d=v*t\\d=10\frac{km}{h}* 0.5\ h\\\\ d=5 km[/tex]
he traveled 5 kilometers
Have a good day
Which statement best compares the properties of compounds and elements that the compounds contain?
A.They are always identical.
B.They are different.
C.They are similar.
D.They represent opposite characteristics.
Why is declaring faith the first of the five pillars of Islam?
The philosophy is
simple that no one can start the journey towards being a Muslim unless he
professes the basic principles mentioned in the "Declaration of
Faith", which is "“There is none worthy of
worship but Allah and Muhammad is His Messenger”.
The declaration consists of the two most fundamental elements of Islamic ideology:
1) Unity of Allah: Declaring that there is only One God and none else is mandatory
to be a Muslim.
2) Faith in the prophet hood of Muhammad, the messenger of Islam.
A pair of electrically charged objects attract each other with a force of 4 n when they are a distance of 2 m apart. if their charges stay the same, then what will be the attractive force between them when they are 4 m apart?
Which of the following is maintained across the terminals of a battery? A. a potential difference B. a voltage drop C. an electric charge D. both A and B
both a and b
ur answer is d
This outlaw is executed by hanging "in the spring of '25" by
Final answer:
The question delves into historical instances of execution by hanging, touching on both real individuals like John Brown and Nat Turner, and fictional characters such as Peyton Farquhar. These figures were tied to pivotal societal and political issues, such as slavery and civil war, facing harsh penalties for their actions.
Explanation:
The question refers to various historical figures who were executed by hanging for their actions which often had considerable political or social impact. Peyton Farquhar, a fictional character from Ambrose Bierce’s short story, "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge", symbolizes the concept of civilian interference in military matters and the grim consequences that follow during times of war. He is described as a genteel man, suggesting that civil status did not exempt one from capital punishment. A reference is made to John Brown, a historical figure who was hanged in 1859 after attempting to initiate a slave revolt at Harpers Ferry, effectively marking a critical moment that stirred greater national tension leading to the American Civil War.
Similarly, it mentions Nat Turner, leader of a slave rebellion in Virginia, which led to a swift and brutal response from the state authorities and white vigilantes, resulting in his death along with many other Black individuals, free and enslaved. Lastly, it hints at the Fugitive Slave Law and the repercussions for those who attempted to help enslaved individuals escape, as in the case of the unidentified 'young white man from Ohio.' This aligns with historical accounts of abolitionists and their often fatal attempts to combat slavery.
When the shuttle bus comes to a sudden stop to avoid hitting a dog, it decelerates uniformly at 4.6 m/s2 as it slows from 9.5 m/s to 0 m/s.
Find the time interval of acceleration for the bus.
Answer in units of s.
Final velocity = Vf=0
Initial velocity = Vi = 9.5m/s
Acceleration = a = -4.6m/s²
Time = t =?
Now use the formula;
Vf=Vi+at
0=9.5 - 4.6m/s²t
-9.5 = -4.6m/s²(t)
9.5/4.6 = t
T= 2.01s
Two technicians are discussing magnetic coils. technician a says that the magnetic force can be increased by increasing the number of windings in the coil. technician b says that won't help because adding windings also increases the length of the wire, so current flow will go down and the magnetic strength will be the same. who is correct.
If the moon rises around 3
a.m., its phase must be
What are the three pins that may be worn below your name on the ffa jacket?
A gauge of how exact a measurement is called
A car is traveling at an average speed of 12m/s for 7.2 hours. How far did the car travel
STI is an abbreviation that refers to a number of diseases. What does STI stand for?