The enthalpy of formation of liquid ethanol (c2h5oh) is −277.6 kj/mol. what is the equation that represents the formation of liquid ethanol?

Black vs. white surfaces' heat absorption and radiation explained.

Black is a better absorber and radiator of heat compared to white. On a sunny day, black surfaces such as asphalt get hotter than lighter surfaces like gray sidewalk because black absorbs heat more efficiently. Conversely, at night, black surfaces cool down faster than lighter surfaces due to their better radiative properties.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between aluminum phosphate and nickel (II) sulfide to form aluminum sulfide and nickel (II) phosphate is: 2 AlPO4 + 3 NiS → Al2S3 + Ni3(PO4)2.

When aluminum phosphate reacts with nickel (II) sulfide, the resultant products are aluminum sulfide and nickel (II) phosphate. The unbalanced chemical equation for the reaction is:

AlPO4 + NiS → Al2S3 + Ni3(PO4)2

To balance the equation, it can be observed that there are 2 aluminum atoms on the right side and thus we will need 2 units of AlPO4 on the left side to ensure the balance of aluminum. Similarly, the 3 nickel atoms on the right side come from 3 units of NiS on the left. Phosphorus and sulfur atoms are already balanced with 1 phosphate ion on the left side and 1 sulfide ion on the right side. As a result, the balanced chemical equation is:

2 AlPO4 + 3 NiS → Al2S3 + Ni3(PO4)2

Answer:

Physical property is malleability

Explanation:

Malleability is a physical property that some elements of matter have that can be broken down into sheets to give them a certain shape without breaking. This physical property belongs to plasticity. It is a characteristic that some metals have, sheets of said metal can be obtained. The heat needs to be increased, some examples are gold, platinum, zinc, tin, etc.

Among the given options, malleability is a physical property. It refers to a material's ability to be shaped without breaking, which can be observed without changing the substance's nature.

The term physical property refers to a characteristic of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the substance's identity. Looking at the options provided, malleability is a physical property. Malleability refers to the ability of a substance to be hammered or rolled into sheets without breaking, and it's a physical property because it can be observed without altering the substance's essential nature. On the other hand, 'easy to digest', 'does not burn', and 'becomes moldy quickly' are not physical properties because they involve changes in the substance's identity or composition.

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Citric acid is [tex]\boxed{{\text{weak electrolyte}}}[/tex].

Magnesium lactate is [tex]\boxed{{\text{strong electrolyte}}}[/tex].

Calcium lactate is [tex]\boxed{{\text{strong electrolyte}}}[/tex].

Potassium phosphate is [tex]\boxed{{\text{strong electrolyte}}}[/tex].

Further Explanation:

Electrolytes are substances that are able to conduct electricity due to presence of free charged particles or ions in their solutions.  

Strong electrolytes are the substances that are completely ionized in solutions. Due to their abilities to release free ions in solutions, these act as good conductors of electricity. Strong acids and bases dissociate completely in solutions so these are good conductors of electricity. Aqueous solution of sodium chloride is an example of strong electrolyte.

Weak electrolytes are the substances that ionize only partially in solutions. Weak acids and bases dissociate partially in solutions so these have conductivity less than that of strong electrolytes but more than that of nonelectrolytes. Aqueous solution of acetic acid acts as weak electrolyte.

Nonelectrolytes are substances that cannot form ions in aqueous solutions. Due to absence of free ions in their solutions, these cannot conduct electricity and act as poor conductors of electricity. Sugar or glucose solution acts as nonelectrolyte.

Citric acid is partially ionized in solutions so it acts as weak electrolyte.

Magnesium lactate is a salt made up of magnesium and lactate ions. Its dissociation occurs as follows:

[tex]{\text{Mg}}{\left( {{{\text{C}}_{\text{3}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}} \right)_{\text{2}}} \rightleftharpoons {\text{M}}{{\text{g}}^{2 + }} + 2{\left( {{{\text{C}}_{\text{3}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}} \right)^ - }[/tex]  

Since magnesium lactate is ionic salt and dissociates completely in solutions, it acts as strongelectrolyte.

Calcium lactate is a salt made up of calcium and lactate ions. Its dissociation occurs as follows:

[tex]{\text{Ca}}{\left( {{{\text{C}}_{\text{3}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}} \right)_{\text{2}}} \rightleftharpoons {\text{C}}{{\text{a}}^{2 + }} + 2{\left( {{{\text{C}}_{\text{3}}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}} \right)^ - }[/tex]  

Since calcium lactate is ionic salt and dissociates completely in solutions, it acts as strongelectrolyte.

Potassium phosphate is a salt made up of potassium and phosphate ions. Its dissociation occurs as follows:

[tex]{{\text{K}}_{\text{3}}}{\text{P}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{4}}} \rightleftharpoons 3{{\text{K}}^ + } + {\text{PO}}_4^{3 - }[/tex]

Since potassium phosphate is ionic salt and dissociates completely in solutions, it acts as strongelectrolyte.

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Answer Details:

Grade: High School

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Strong and weak electrolytes

Keywords: calcium lactate, magnesium lactate, citric acid, potassium phosphate, weak electrolyte, strong electrolytes, nonelectrolytes, electrolytes.

The use of steam during the Industrial Revolution led to an interest in understanding the atom due to technological advancements, energy transformation, and scientific progress.

The use of steam during the Industrial Revolution led to an interest in understanding the atom for several reasons:

The concentration of the final solution is 0.0463 M.

When water is added to a solution, the number of moles of solute remains constant, so the concentration of the final solution can be calculated using the formula: C₁V₁ = C₂V₂,

where:

C₁ = initial concentration of the solution

V₁ = initial volume of the solution

C₂= final concentration of the solution

V₂ = final volume of the solution

Given:

C₁ = 0.926 M

V₁ = 25.0 ml = 0.025 L

V₂ = 500 ml = 0.500 L

Substituting these values into the formula:

[tex]\(C2 = \frac{C1 \cdot V1}{V2}\),\\\(C2 = \frac{0.926 \, \text{M} \cdot 0.025 \, \text{L}}{0.500 \, \text{L}}\),\\\(C2 = 0.0463 \, \text{M}\).[/tex]

Therefore, the concentration of the final solution is 0.0463 M.

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Final answer:

The concentration of the final KNO3 solution after dilution to 500 mL is 0.0463 M, calculated using the dilution formula M1V1 = M2V2.

Explanation:

To find the concentration of the final KNO3 solution, we use the concept of dilution, which follows the formula: M1V1 = M2V2 where M1 is the initial molarity, V1 is the initial volume, M2 is the final molarity, and V2 is the final volume. Given that the initial concentration (M1) of the KNO3 solution is 0.926 M and the initial volume (V1) is 25.0 mL, and the final volume (V2) after dilution is 500 mL, the goal is to find the final concentration (M2).

Applying the values to the formula, we get: (0.926 M)(25.0 mL) = (M2)(500 mL). Solving for M2 gives us M2 = (0.926 M × 25.0 mL) / 500 mL. Therefore, the concentration of the final solution is 0.0463 M.

Answer:

is simultaneously oxidized and reduced, giving two different products.

Explanation:

the Bohr's model > <

Answer : The formula for lead oxide is, [tex]PbO[/tex]

Explanation :

As we know that the lead is a metal having the atomic number 82. The symbol of lead is, (Pb). The charge on lead is (+2).

The element oxygen is the non-metal having the atomic number 8. The symbol of oxygen is, (O). The charge on oxygen is, (-2).

When the lead combine with the oxygen, it forms lead oxide. It is an ionic compound in which the a metal react with the non-metal and combine with the an ionic bond by the criss-cross method.

Hence, the formula of the lead oxide is, [tex]PbO[/tex]

The chemical feature that distinguishes a saturated fatty acid from an unsaturated fatty acid is the presence of double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids, which cause a rigid bend or 'kink' in the carbon skeleton.

In a saturated fatty acid, each carbon is bonded to two hydrogen atoms with single bonds. This means that the carbon atom in a saturated fatty acid is filled (or 'saturated') to capacity with hydrogen atoms. On the other hand, in an unsaturated fatty acid, there is at least one double bond between neighboring carbons, which causes a rigid bend or 'kink' in the carbon skeleton.

For example, palmitic acid is a saturated fatty acid containing only single bonds, and it is solid at room temperature. In contrast, oleic acid is an unsaturated fatty acid containing one double bond, and it remains liquid at room temperature.

To calculate the mass of helium in the gas cylinder, multiply the total mass of the gas mixture by 65.5% (0.655). If the total mass of the mixture is provided, the calculation would yield the mass of helium in grams. Without the total mass, the calculation cannot be completed.

The question involves calculating the mass of helium (He) in a gas cylinder based on the percentage composition by mass and the total mass of the gases in the cylinder. Given that the cylinder contains 65.5% He and 34.5% Kr by mass, to find the mass of He, simply multiply the total mass of the gas mixture by the percentage of He (expressed as a decimal).

First, we need to find the total mass of the gas mixture. However, we do not have the total mass given directly; we have the volume of the cylinder and the percentage composition by mass. Assuming the question meant to provide the total mass of the gas mixture, which is missing in this case, we would use the provided percentages to calculate the mass of He.

Assuming the total mass of the gas mixture is M, the mass of helium can be calculated as (65.5/100) * M. For example, if the cylinder had 500 grams of gas mixture, the mass of helium would be calculated as (65.5/100) * 500 g = 327.5 g.

The mass of helium (He) in the cylinder is calculated by multiplying the total mass of the gases in the cylinder by the percentage of helium, resulting in a mass of 148.29 g for helium.

The student's question is to calculate the mass of helium (He) gas in a cylinder that contains a mixture of helium and krypton (Kr) gases based on the percentage by mass. Given that the cylinder contains 65.5% He by mass, we can use these data to find the mass of helium. To accomplish this, we simply take the percentage of helium and apply it to the total mass of the gas mixture in the cylinder.

To calculate the mass of helium:

Determine the total mass of the gases in the cylinder.

Multiply the total mass by the percentage (expressed as a decimal) of helium in the mixture.

Assuming that the gases in the cylinder have a total mass of 226.4 g (based on the volume mentioned in the question, we can calculate the mass of helium):

Total mass of He = Total mass of gases × Percentage of He in decimal form
Total mass of He = 226.4 g × 0.655
Total mass of He = 148.29 g (rounded to two decimal places)

Answer:

c. removal of a water molecule between each two units

Explanation:

Carbohydrates and proteins are polymers made up of simple units such as monosaccharides and amino acids respectively. When two amino acids join to form a peptide linkage a molecule of water is released. When two monosaccharides join to form a glycosidic linkage a molecule of water is released. Both these are examples of condensation reaction.

Carbohydrates and proteins are built up from their basic building blocks by the removal of a water molecule between each two units.

Polymerization is defined as the process by which small molecules (monomers) aggregate to form larger molecules called polymers.

Polymerization may occur in two ways;

Carbohydrates and proteins are built up from their basic building blocks by the removal of a water molecule between each two units. The building blocks of proteins are amino acids while the building blocks of carbohydrates are monosaccharides.

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The electron is the subatomic particle that is specifically responsible for combining atoms together to form a new substance. It does this through chemical bonding, where the outer shell electrons of atoms interact with each other. This process forms the basis of all matter in the universe.

In the formation of substances, the subatomic particle that is specifically responsible for combining atoms together is the electron. In chemical bonds, it's the exterior electrons of the atoms that interact and form these bonds. For instance, in the formation of a molecule of water (H₂O), two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom bond together, facilitated by the interactions of their electrons.

Atoms are the fundamental building blocks of matter, made up of different subatomic particles, namely electrons, protons, and neutrons. The atom is regarded as the smallest unit of an element that carries the properties of that element. However, it's the electrons in the outer shell of an atom that play an integral role in the formation of different substances via chemical bonding.

These chemical bonds are the basis for all matter in the universe, ranging from the ionic lattice structure of NaCl (common salt) to covalent molecular structures like proteins and sugars found in living organisms. Therefore, comprehending the role of electrons in the atomic construction of matter is key to understanding the vast array of chemical phenomena that occur in our universe.

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Answer:

The correct answer is option : Mechanical wave.

Explanation:

Mechanical waves are the wave which requires any medium to travel or to propagate or we can say wave which transfers energy through medium.For example: sound waves, water waves etc.

Shock wave is the wave with speed larger than the normal speed of light moving in a medium.

An electromagnetic waves are the waves capable of travelling through empty space or vacuum.They are composed of electric field and magnetic field. The gamma ray and  radio wave are the example of electromagnetic wave.

Answer:

D

Explanation:

Answer:

Ca and Br

Explanation:

i took an online test and this was the answer

A salt is formed when a metal combines with a nonmetal hence the pair that will form a salt is Ca and Br.

A salt is an ionic substance. An ionic substance is formed when a metal donates an electron to a nonmetal in an ionic bond. Hence, we must look out for the pair that consists of a metal and a nonmetal.

Closely examining the options, we can see that only the pair involving Ca and Br is comprised of a metal and a nonmetal hence they can form a salt.

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Crystal formation form many metals results into combining of many molecular orbitals during formation.

This is because each metallic atomic orbital contributes for the formation of crystal.

When compared with the relative energies of the molecular orbitals it was found that they have lower energy than the atomic orbitals. Thus the new crystals are stable in nature.

The answer is perforin. This is a pore creating cytolytic protein located in the granules of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and NK cells. Upon degranulation, perforin attaches to the target cell's plasma membrane, and oligomerises in a Ca2+ dependent way to create pores on the target cell.

Final answer:

Microwave ovens generate microwaves using a magnetron, which accelerates electrons to produce an alternating electric field. This results in dielectric heating of food, as the polar molecules, especially water, absorb the microwave energy and increase their temperature.

Explanation:

The element used in microwave equipment to produce microwaves is not a particular chemical element, but rather a device called a magnetron. The magnetron utilizes the interaction of electrons with a magnetic field to generate microwaves at a frequency of 2.45 GHz.

These microwaves then induce an alternating electric field inside the oven, which causes polar molecules like water to align rapidly back and forth, creating heat through dielectric heating.

This is why substances such as water or food containing water heat up quickly in a microwave: the polar molecules absorb the microwave energy and effectively convert it into thermal energy.

It's helpful to know that the microwaves in a microwave oven are at a frequency that's optimally absorbed by water molecules, which is why food heats up while non-polar items, such as the plate or a ceramic cup, do not get as hot.

The rotational motion of these polar molecules increases, and the energy involved in this rotation is transferred to the surrounding environment in the form of heat, thus warming or cooking the food efficiently.

Answer;

6CO2 + 18ATP + 12 NADPH → C6H12O6 + 18ATP + 18Pi + 12NADP+

Explanation;

-The process of Calvin Cycle Synthesizes Hexoses from Carbon Dioxide and Water.

-The ATP and NADPH molecules produced by the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis power sugar synthesis in the Calvin cycle. In the Calvin cycle, three molecules of CO2 are added to three molecules of ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP), a 5-carbon sugar already present in the stroma.

-This results to a total of eighteen carbons in the cycle.  As the three RuBP molecules accept a molecule of carbon dioxide, they immediately break down into six 3-carbon molecules of phosphoglyceric acid which is a hexose.

An inorganic chemist can tackle air pollution via technological innovation like automobile catalytic converters, understanding the chemical behaviors of pollutants, and participate in policy-making to balance environmental and economic concerns.

An inorganic chemist could address concerns about air pollution in various ways, primarily through technological and chemical advancements. For instance, they research and develop devices to reduce air pollution, such as automobile catalytic converters. These devices reduce toxic emissions by using a specially selected blend of catalytically active metals, promoting complete combustion of all carbon-containing compounds to carbon dioxide and reducing nitrogen oxides' output. This process involves both adding and removing oxygen at different stages.

Additionally, they can work to understand the chemical behaviors and effects of pollutants. An example would be how sulfur dioxide interacts with calcium carbonate in a polluted environment, causing it to degenerate rapidly. The understanding of such interactions helps in the development of effective abatement strategies.

Finally, inorganic chemists may also contribute to policy-making by determining the environmental social costs of pollution, helping strike a balance between production and environmental quality. They can work on formulating market-oriented strategies for pollution control as a more flexible and economical alternative to government-imposed emission restrictions.

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Answer: The given electronic configuration is long hand notation.

Explanation:

Long-hand notation of representing electronic configuration is defined as the arrangement of total number of electrons that are present in an element.

Noble-gas notation of representing electronic configuration is defined as the arrangement of valence electrons in the element. The core electrons are represented as the previous noble gas of the element that is considered.

The given electronic configuration of potassium (K): [tex]1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^64s^1[/tex]

The above configuration has all the electrons that are contained in the nucleus of an element. Thus, this configuration is a long-hand notation.

Answer:

longhand notation

Explanation:

in the longhand nota8tion all the electronic configuration of the element is written as it is obtained from the electronic configuration diagram and in the electronic configuration of noble-gas the electronic configuration of the full layer closest to the element is searched, which usually corresponds to the configuration of a noble gas and the full layer configuration corresponding to the noble gas is replaced with the gas symbol

Longhand notation

[tex]K= 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^23p^64s^1[/tex]

argon electronic configuration

[tex]Ar=1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^23p^6[/tex]

Noble-gas notation

[tex]K=[Ar] 4s^1[/tex]

The volume of balloon at 1.0 atmis [tex]\boxed{9.68{\text{ L}}}[/tex].

Further Explanation:

A hypothetical gas comprising of a large number of randomly moving particles is called ideal gas. The collisions between such particles are considered to be perfectly elastic. Practically, no gas can be ideal so it is just a theoretical concept.

Given information:

Volume of balloon at 2.2 atm: 4.4 L

To determine:

Volume of balloon at 1.0 atm

Boyle’s law:

This law describes relationship between volume and pressure of gas. According to this law,volume of the gas is inversely proportional to its pressure, provided the temperature and the number of moles of gas remain constant. Mathematical form of Boyle’s law is,

[tex]{\text{P}} \propto \dfrac{1}{{\text{V}}}[/tex]  

Or,

[tex]{\text{PV}} = {\text{k}}[/tex]  

Where,

V is volume occupied by the gas.

P is the pressure of the gas.

k is a constant.

At two volumes [tex]{{\text{V}}_{\text{1}}}[/tex] and [tex]{{\text{V}}_{\text{2}}}[/tex] andpressures [tex]{{\text{P}}_{\text{1}}}[/tex] and [tex]{{\text{P}}_{\text{2}}}[/tex], equation of Boyle’s law modifies as follows:

[tex]{{\text{P}}_1}{{\text{V}}_1} = {{\text{P}}_2}{{\text{V}}_2}[/tex]                                                        …… (1)

Rearrange equation (1) to calculate [tex]{{\text{V}}_{\text{2}}}[/tex].

[tex]{{\text{V}}_2} = \dfrac{{{{\text{P}}_1}{{\text{V}}_1}}}{{{{\text{P}}_2}}}[/tex]                                                            …… (2)

Substitute 4.4 L for [tex]{{\text{V}}_{\text{1}}}[/tex] , 2.2 atm for [tex]{{\text{P}}_{\text{1}}}[/tex] and 1.0 atm for [tex]{{\text{P}}_{\text{2}}}[/tex] in equation (2).

[tex]\begin{aligned}{{\text{V}}_2} &= \frac{{\left( {2.2{\text{ atm}}} \right)\left( {4.4{\text{ L}}} \right)}}{{\left( {{\text{1}}{\text{.0 atm}}} \right)}} \\&= 9.68{\text{ L}} \\\end{aligned}[/tex]  

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Answer details:

Grade: Senior School

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Ideal gas equation

Keywords: Boyle’s law, P, V, k, pressure of gas, volume occupied by gas, constant, temperature, ideal gas, 2.2 atm, 1.0 atm, 4.4 L, 9.68 L.