The freezing point and the boiling point of water can be altered by a variety of techniques. Which of the following has little or no effect on the boiling point of water? A: Increasing the air pressure above the liquid B: Adding alcohol to the water C: Adding sodium chloride to the water D: Increasing the amount of water

Answer:

2.4 kPa.

Explanation:

According to Dalton's law: the total pressure of an ideal gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the gases in the mixture.

Ptotal = P of O₂ + P of N₂ + P of CO₂.

where, Ptotal is the total pressure = 32.0 kPa,

P of O₂ is partial pressure of oxygen gas = 6.6 kPa,

P of N₂ is the partial pressure of nitrogen gas = 23.0 kPa,

P of CO₂ is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide gas = ??? kPa.

∵ Ptotal = P of O₂ + P of N₂ + P of CO₂.

∴ 32.0 kPa = 6.6 kPa + 23.0 kPa + P of CO₂.

∴ P of CO₂ = 32.0 kPa - (6.6 kPa + 23.0 kPa) = 2.4 kPa.

This is a three-part question

Answers:

Explanation:

1) Part (a) What is the oxidation number of chlorine in bleach (NaOCl)?

a) Rule one: In a neutral compound the sum of the oxidation states is zero.

Since NaOCl is a neutral compound the sum of the oxidation states of Na, O and Cl is 0.

b) Rule two: since Na is an alkaline metal, its oxidation state is +1

c) Rule three: the most common state of oxygen, except in peroxides, is -2.

Then,

      Sum = +1 - 2 + x = 0 ⇒ x = 2 - 1 = 1

Conclusion: the oxidation state of NaOCl is +1.

2) Part (b) Is this reaction above redox?  

In a redox reaction the oxidation states of some substances increase (get oxidized) and the oxidation states of some substances decrease (get reduced).

The reaction is represented by the chemical equation given:

Since the chlorine gas (Cl₂) is a molecule of only chlorine atoms, its oxidation state is zero, and since chlorine is forming compounds on the right side (NaOCl and NaCl) you can immediately conclude that the oxidation state of chlorine changed, and this is a redox reaction.

In fact:

Therefore, chlorine is being oxidized (its oxidation state increases from 0 to +1) and is also being reduced (its oxidation state is reduced from 0 to -1), and this is a redox reaction.

3) Part (c) What is the percent yield of this reaction?

a) Chemical equation (given)

b) Theoretical mole ratio:

c)  Convert 83.0 g of chlorine gas to moles:

d) Determine the theoretical yiedl using proportions:

e) Convert 0.5195 mol NaOCl to grams:

         That must be rounded to 3 significant figures (such as the mass of belach is given: 22.0 g)

f) Calculate the percent yiled:

I believe your answer would be the 3rd one

Answer:

[tex]Br_{4}Si[/tex] is written incorrectly

Explanation:

In a molecular formula, the central atom in it's lewis structure is written first followed by other bonded atoms.

The least electronegative atom (except H) is the central atom in a lewis structure.

In [tex]Br_{4}Si[/tex], Si is the least electronegative atom as Br has higher electronegativity than Si. Therefore Si is the central atom in lewis structure of [tex]Br_{4}Si[/tex]. So molecular formula of [tex]Br_{4}Si[/tex] should be written as [tex]SiBr_{4}[/tex].

In all other cases, the least electronegative atom have been written first.

So, [tex]Br_{4}Si[/tex] is written incorrectly.

Answer:

15 kPa.

Explanation:

Ptotal = P1 + P2 + … + Pn.

∴ Ptotal = P of oxygen + P of nitrogen + P of hydrogen.

∴ P of hydrogen = P total - (P of oxygen + P of nitrogen) = 85 kPa - (20 kPa + 50 kPa) = 15 kPa.

Answer:

[tex]\boxed{3 \times 10^{23}}[/tex]

Explanation:

1 mol of helium contains 6.022 × 10²³ atoms

[tex]\text{Atoms of He} =\text{0.5 mol He} \times \dfrac{ 6.022 \times 10^{23} \text{ atoms He}}{\text{1 mol He}}= 3 \times 10^{23} \text{ atoms He}[/tex]

The balloon contains [tex]\boxed{3 \times 10^{23} \text{ atoms of He}}[/tex].

69.253 helium particles are in the balloon.

Helium is composed of two electrons bound by the electromagnetic force to a nucleus containing two protons along with either one or two neutrons, depending on the isotope, held together by the strong force. Unlike for hydrogen, a closed-form solution to the Schrodinger equation for the helium atom has not been found.

A helium atom is an atom of the chemical element helium. Helium is composed of two electrons bound by the electromagnetic force to a nucleus containing two protons along with either one or two neutrons, depending on the isotope, held together by the strong force. Unlike for hydrogen, a closed-form solution.

Helium is the element which you can find on the upper right side of the periodic table with atomic number 2. It comes first amongst the family of the noble gases. Helium falls under inert gas since its outermost electron orbital is full with two electrons.

The answer is 69.253.

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Answer:

The magnitude of the force decreases by a factor 4

Explanation:

The magnitude of the electrical force between a pair of charged objects is given by

[tex]F=k\frac{q_1 q_2}{r^2}[/tex]

where

k is the Coulomb's constant

q1, q2 are the charges of the two objects

r is the distance between the two objects

In this problem, the two objects are moved twice as far apart, so their distance becomes

r' = 2r

Substituting into the equation, we find the new force

[tex]F'=k\frac{q_1 q_2}{r'^2}=k\frac{q_1 q_2}{(2r)^2}=\frac{1}{4}(k\frac{q_1 q_2}{r^2})=\frac{1}{4}F[/tex]

The electrical force between two charged particles decreases when the distance between these particles is increased. If the distance is doubled, the force becomes a quarter of the original due to the inverse square law of Coulomb's Law.

The magnitude of the electrical force between two charged objects is governed by Coulomb's Law which states the force is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Increasing the distance between the objects would cause a corresponding decrease in force. Specifically, if the distance between the pair of charged objects is doubled, the force will be reduced to one-fourth (1/4) of what it was initially as the relationship is based on an inverse square law.

In simpler words, if you double the distance, the force becomes weaker and reduces to a quarter of its original value.

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The longer the day, the solar radiation is absorbed and the higher the temperature is.

I hope you have a great rest of your day!

❤

Answer:

worldwide burning of fossil fuels

Explanation:

The heavy usage of the fossil fuels as energy sources for the industry has resulted in much increased emissions of CO2 in the atmosphere. It all started around 200 years ago with the Industrial Revolution. In order for the machines to function, efficient energy sources were needed, and the best thing at that time for that was the coal. Through the burning, the coal manages to release enormous amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere. After some time, the oil was discovered as well, and it started to be heavily used as well, further increasing the CO2 emissions. As the technology has been developing more and more, the demand for the usage of the fossil fuels has been increasing constantly, so there's an ever growing CO2 emissions into the atmosphere.

Answer:

option D = 204 Pa

Explanation:

Given data:

Weight of book = 12 N

Area of book =  0.21 m × 0.28 m = 0.0058 m²

Pressure of book = ?

Solution:

formula

pressure = force / area

P = f/ A

now we will put the values in formula,

P = 12 N/ 0.0058  m²

P= 204 Nm⁻²      ( Nm⁻²= Pa)

P = 204 Pa

The correct Answer is option (D). The pressure exerted by the book is approximately 204 Pa.

To find the pressure exerted by the book, we can use the formula for pressure:

[tex]\[ \text{Pressure} = \frac{\text{Force}}{\text{Area}} \][/tex]

First, calculate the area of the back cover:

[tex]\[ \text{Area} = \text{length} \times \text{width} \][/tex]

[tex]\[ \text{Area} = 0.21 \, \text{m} \times 0.28 \, \text{m} \][/tex]

[tex]\[ \text{Area} = 0.0588 \, \text{m}^2 \][/tex]

Now, calculate the pressure:

[tex]\[ \text{Pressure} = \frac{12 \, \text{N}}{0.0588 \, \text{m}^2} \][/tex]

[tex]\[ \text{Pressure} \approx 204.08 \, \text{Pa} \][/tex]

Rounding to the nearest whole number, the pressure exerted by the book is approximately 204 Pa.

Answer:

Diamond and graphite are allotropes of carbon.

Explanation:

Diamond has a close packed crystal structure which is responsible for its extreme hardness. In it, each carbon atom is sp³ hybridised and bonded to four other carbon atoms in a tetrahedral arrangement. Diamond has a hardness of 10 on mohs scale with a cubic crystal form.

Note: allotropes of an element have different molecular structure.

Graphite on the other hand is made up of layers of hexagonal structure that are weakly bonded by van-der-waals forces. This layered arrangement explains its softness/slippery feeling and hence it is used as a lubricant. In each layer, each carbon atom is sp² hybridised and bonded to three other carbon atoms in a trigonal planar arrangement.

The presence of [tex]\pi[/tex] electrons in the layers accounts for its ability to conduct electricity.

The heat absorbed in Trial 1 is about 3344 Joules greater than the heat absorbed in Trial 2.

The heat absorbed in an experiment is calculated using the formula Q = mcΔT, where 'Q' is the heat absorbed, 'm' is the mass of the substance, 'c' is the specific heat capacity of the substance, and 'ΔT' is the change in temperature. Here, the specific heat capacity of water 'c' is approximately 4.18 J/(g*C).

In Trial 1, we have: ΔT = 40.0 - 0 = 40°, and with mass 30.0 g, the heat absorbed (Q1) = mcΔT = 30.0g * 4.18 J/(g*C) * 40°C = 5016 J.

In Trial 2, we have: ΔT = 40.0 - 30.0 = 10°, and with mass 40.0 g, the heat absorbed (Q2) = mcΔT = 40.0g * 4.18 J/(g*C) * 10°C = 1672 J.

Therefore, the heat absorbed in Trial 1 is about 5016 - 1672 = 3344 J greater than the heat absorbed in Trial 2.

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Answer:

Explanation:

NO₂ and N₂O₄ undergo the following equilibrium reaction:

That is a reversible reaction, i.e. there are two simultaneous reactions: the direct or forward reaction and the reverse reaction:

At the beginning, only NO₂(g) is in the sealed container. The NO₂ concentration is maximum, and the rate of the forward reaction is maximum.

As the reaction progresses, the concentration of NO₂ diminishes, and, consequently, the rate of the forward reaction decreases.

As soon as the N₂O₄ appears, the reverse reaction starts. At the beginning the rate is low, but as the N₂O₄ concentration increases the rate of the reverse reaction increases.

When both forward and reverse rates become equal the equilibrium has been reached. This is what is called a dynamical equilibrium.

Then, as per the choices, you have that, at equilibrium:

A) No N₂O₄ is present:

B) No chemical reactions are occurring.

C) The rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal.

D) The maximum number of molecules has been reached.

a) acid-neutral-base

How many acids are shown? 4

How many bases are shown? 7

What range seems to be missing? 5-6

A cabbage indicator will turn red in an acid solution, purple in a neutral solution, and green to yellow in basic solutions. To find out how many acids or bases are shown in a photo, count the number of solutions that have turned red (for acids) or green to yellow (for bases).

Unfortunately, without the specific photo referenced in the question, it's impossible to provide an exact order of the solutions. However, I can explain how to determine if a solution is an acid or base using a cabbage indicator. When a cabbage indicator is added to different solutions, it changes colors based on the pH level of the solution. In acidic solutions, the cabbage indicator turns red, while it turns green to yellow in basic solutions. The neutral solution will have a purple color.

To find out how many acids or bases are shown in the photo, you would count how many of the solutions turn red (for acids) or green to yellow (for bases).

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Answer:

B

Explanation:

If the temperature of the water goes up, the reaction is exothermic (heat is being given away by the equation -- more precisely the reactants of the equation). Only A and B can be true. In order for the reaction to occur, the water has to absorb the heat. It's temperature goes up. Remember that minus sign. It is almost the key fact for this question.

The question is not as hard as it looks, but that is easy for me to say.

m = 100 g

c = 4.2 J/(g * oC)

deltaT = 21 - 20 degrees = 1 degree.

Heat = 100 * 4.2 * 1

Heat = 420 J

Heat = 420 * [1 kJ/1000 J]

Heat = -0.42 kJ

B

Answer:

C. 70%

Explanation:

Atomic Mass of the silicon = 28 g.

Atomic mass of the Carbon = 12 g.

Total mass of the Silicon Carbide = 28 + 12

= 40 g.

Now, Using the formula.

% Composition = Mass of the silicon/Total mass of the compound × 100 %

= 28/40 × 100 %

= 70 %

Hence, % composition of the silicon in SiC is 70%

You would have to use the molarity of calcium hydroxide to find the moles of calcium hydroxide. Once you have moles, just convert using mole:mole ratio and find the grams of sodium hydroxide.

Isolated systems does not allow any matter or energy to be exchanged.

Isolated system does not allow for matter or energy to be exchanged outside the system.

Isolated system is a thermodynamic system that does not allow the exchange of either matter or energy outside the system.

Open system is a thermodynamic system that can exchange the matter and energy with its surrounding.

A closed system is a thermodynamic system in which the exchange of energy is allowed but the exchange of matter is not allowed outside the system.

Thus, from the above conclusion we can say that Isolated system does not allow for matter or energy to be exchanged outside the system.

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Answer:

95.15%

Explanation:

To calculate the percent yield, we need the following formula:

[tex]\% yield=\dfrac{actual yield}{theoreticalyield}\times100\%[/tex]

Solving for the theoretical yied, you need to predict how much of the product will be produced if we USE up the given.

Our given is 224g of Fe and we to get the theoretical yield, we need to figure out how much product will Fe produce supposing that we use up all the reactant.

First thing we do is get the balance equation of this chemical reaction:

4Fe + 3O₂ → 2Fe₂O₃

We get the ratio between Fe and the the product, Fe₂O₃

[tex]\dfrac{4moles of Fe}{2molesofFe_{2}O_{3}}=\dfrac{2moles of Fe}{1moleofFe_{2}O_{3}}[/tex]

This basically means that we need 2 moles of Fe to produce 1 mole of Fe₂O₃. We'll use this later.

Now we let's use our given:

We need to first convert our given to moles. To do this, we need to determine how many grams there are of the reactant for every mole. We need to first get the atomic mass of the elements involved in the substance:

          Iron(1)      

Fe  =   55.845(1) = 55.845g/mole(1)

Then we use this to convert grams to moles

[tex]244g\times\dfrac{1mole}{55.845g}=4.369moles[/tex]

This means that there are 4.396moles of Fe in 244g of Fe.

This we will use to see how many moles of product we can produce given the moles of reactant by using the reactant:rproduct ratio.

[tex]4.369moles of Fe\times\dfrac{1moleofFe_{2}O_{3}}{2molesofFe}=2.185 moles of Fe_{2}O_{3}[/tex]

So given 4.693 moles of Fe we can produce 2.185 moles of Fe₂O₃

The next step is to get how many grams of product there are given our calculation. We do this again by getting how many grams of Fe₂O₃ there are in 1 mole.

               Fe(2)              O(3)    

Fe₂O₃=55.845(2)  +  15.999(3)

         = 111.69        +   47.997      =159.687g/mol

We then use this to solve for how many grams of product there are in 2.185 moles.

[tex]2.185moles\times\dfrac{159.687g}{1mole}=348.92g[/tex]

This is our theoretical yield 348.92g of Fe₂O₃.

We can finally use our percent yield equation. Our actual yield is given by the probelm, 332g of Fe₂O₃ and we solved for our theoretical yield which is 348.92g of Fe₂O₃. We plug this in our formula and solve.

[tex]\%yield=\dfrac{actual yield}{theoreticalyield}\times100\%[/tex]

[tex]\%yield=\dfrac{332gofFe_{2}O_{3}}{348gofFe_{2}O_{3}}\times100\%=95.15\%[/tex]

So the answer is 95.15%

Answer:

valence electrons

Explanation:

noble gases like argon or neon don't react easily with other elements because they have completely filled outer valence electron shell, but other elements react easily to try and have a noble gas structure.

Final answer:

Chemical reactivity is the propensity of an element to interact with others to form compounds, and it can be observed in reactions such as synthesis or combination reactions, where elements or compounds unite to form a new substance, following the principle that atoms are neither created nor destroyed.

Explanation:

The tendency of an element to react with other elements to produce compounds is termed reactivity, and it describes elements and compounds that are reactive and will readily react with many other substances. Reactive metals, for example, may form halide compounds with halogens or displace hydrogen from dilute acids.

When looking at chemical reactions, we must consider the starting substances that change. These are typically elements or compounds that combine in a reaction. This combination can yield a more complex compound. An example of this is a synthesis reaction, such as when sodium metal reacts with chlorine gas to form sodium chloride:

2 Na (s) + Cl2 (g) → 2 NaCl (s)

In a broader sense, chemical reactions adhere to the principle that atoms of different elements react with each other in fixed whole-number proportions to create compounds. During these reactions, atoms can separate and recombine to form new substances, but they are never created or destroyed.

Chemists have developed ways to categorize reactions to make predictions about which compounds will react and what products will be formed. Familiarity with basic types of reactions such as combination, decomposition, and displacement reactions is crucial. In the realm of combination reactions, one such reaction is the formation of carbon dioxide from the reaction of carbon monoxide with oxygen:

2CO (g) + O2 (g) → 2CO2 (g)

Answer:

A + BC → AC + B            Single Replacement

AB + CD → AC + BD       Double Replacement

A + O₂ → AO                   Combustion

AB → A + B                      Decomposition

A + B → AB                       Synthesis  

AC + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O    Combustion  

Explanation:

So, A + BC → AC + B is an example for single replacement reaction.

Here, A replaces B in the compound BC.

So, AB + CD → AC + BD is an example for double replacement reaction.

Here, A replaces C in the compound CD and B replaces D in the compound CD.

So, A + O₂ → AO and AC + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O are examples of combustion reactions.

So, AB → A + B is an example for decomposition reactions.

where Ab is decomposed for A and B.

So, A + B → AB is an examples for the synthesis reactions.

The correct answer is "On a protein molecule, side chains of amino acids affect only the primary structure." If this is correct and was helpful could you mark me as brainlist? Thanks!

The amino acids side chain forms the basis for the conformation of peptide and affects the primary and secondary structure. Thus, option B is correct.

Proteins are the biomolecules composed of the amino acid chain bond with the peptide bond. The amino acids are composed of amino and carboxyl terminal, with a side chain determining the polarity.

The side chain forms the hydrogen bond and other type of bond in the peptide chain, and thereby governs the primary and the secondary structure of the protein. Thus, option B is correct.

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Final answer:

pH is a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is, based on the hydrogen ion concentration. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, where values below 7 are acidic and above 7 are basic. It is calculated as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration.

Explanation:

Understanding pH

What is pH? pH is a measure that indicates the acidity or basicity (alkalinity) of a solution. It is a scaled value ranging from 0 to 14 where:

A pH of 7 is considered neutral; neither acidic nor basic.

Values below 7 indicate an acidic solution with a higher concentration of hydrogen ions (H+).

Values above 7 indicate a basic solution with a lower concentration of hydrogen ions.

The pH is calculated as the negative, base-10 logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration in the solution. A lower pH number means a higher concentration of hydrogen ions and therefore a more acidic solution. Conversely, a higher pH means a lower concentration of hydrogen ions and a more basic solution. The pH scale is a concise way to represent the hydrogen ion concentration, which varies markedly among different solutions and affects their properties.

Answer:

Explanation:

1) Balanced chemical equation (given):

2) Mole ratios:

3) Calculate the number of moles of reactant (H₂0):

4) Set a proportion using the mole ratio  O₂ to H₂O and the actual number of moles of H₂O:

5) Convert 2.36 moles O₂ to grams:

Answer:

37.87 g of oxygen can be produced from the 42.6 grams of H2O

Explanation:

From the question, the following equation shows the decomposition of gaseous water

2H₂O(g) ⇒ 2H₂(g) + O₂(g)

where atomic mass of hydrogen is 1 g/mol and atomic mass of oxygen is 16 g/mol

The molar mass of 2H₂O is;

2[(2 ×1) + (16 × 1)]

2(2+16) =  36 g

The molar mass of O₂ is;

2 × 16 = 32 g

Hence, it can be deduced that 36 g of water produced 32 g of oxygen, hence 42.6g of water will produce how many grams of oxygen (represented as X)

∴ 36 ⇒ 32

42.6 ⇒ X

X = 42.6 × 32/36

X = 37.87 g

B

Atomic mass = no. of proton

Atomic mass= P +N

27= 13+N

N=14

Answer:

14

Explanation:

The atomic # is how many protons it has, the mass is the total number of protons (P) and neutrons (N).

P+N=M     13+N=27

27-13=14    Neutrons= 14

Answer:

Explanation:

4

The acid in this diagram is CH3CH2CH2-COOH. That will turn any litmus to red.

1

I'm not sure I'm reading the question correctly. I think the point is that H2 breaks up and goes on either side of the Double Bond. If that is the case, E is the correct answer. CH3CH2CH2CH3. I'm not totally sure.

2

What is happening here is the equation has progressed to kicking out one of the hydrogens and replacing it with a Br. The other Br and the kicked out Hydrogen combine to form HBr

That means (2) should be C

3

I have no idea what 3 is asking you or telling you to do

D. Pentane. Pentane has 5 Carbon and 12 Hydrogen, like the molecule shown.

Got it right on the exam

Answers:

Explanation:

See each choice:

a. Cl₂

b. K

c. Ag⁺

d. Zn²⁺

In terms of gaining and losing electrons, Cl2 and Ag+ (which gain electrons) are oxidizing agents. K, which loses an electron, is a reducing agent. Zn2+ also gaining electrons, acts also as an oxidizing agent.

In terms of tendencies to lose or gain electrons, a substance that tends to gain electrons and acts in oxidation reactions is called an oxidizing agent. Conversely, a substance that tends to lose electrons and acts in reduction reactions is known as a reducing agent.

Looking at the substances in question: a. Cl2 tends to gain electrons and hence would act as an oxidizing agent. b. K tends to lose an electron, and thus it would be a reducing agent. The c. Ag+ ion would gain an electron to become neutrally charged Ag, making it an oxidizing agent. Lastly, d. Zn2+ can also gain electrons and become neutral, making it an oxidizing agent as well.

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Answer:

master, family member, family room

The best order of choices listed from best to worst is master bedroom, family member’s bedroom, family room.

The correct order of choices from best to worst is:

The master bedroom, being the primary bedroom, should be the best choice. The family member's bedroom is the next suitable option, and the family room is the least private space among the choices provided.

Answer:

[tex]\boxed{\text{52 840 mol}}[/tex]

Explanation:

Since you have the volume of the gas at STP, we can use the Ideal Gas Law to calculate the number of moles. The identity of the gas doesn't matter.

pV = nRT

n = (pV)/(RT)

Data:

p = 1 bar

V = 1200 m³ = 1.2 × 10⁶ dm³

R = 0.083 14 bar·dm³K⁻¹mol⁻¹

T = 273.15 K

Calculation:

n = (1 bar × 1.2 ×10⁶ dm³)/(0.083 14 bar·dm³K⁻¹mol⁻¹ × 273.15 K)

= 52 840 mol

The power plant releases [tex]\boxed{\text{52 840 mol of SO}_{2}}[/tex].