Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms, while ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.
Explanation:The fundamental difference between covalent bonds and ionic bonds is that in covalent bonds, electrons are shared between atoms, whereas in ionic bonds, electrons are transferred from one atom to another.
In covalent bonds, the atoms are nonmetals and they share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. Examples include the bond between two hydrogen atoms in a hydrogen molecule (H2) and the bond between carbon and oxygen in carbon dioxide (CO2).
In ionic bonds, one atom loses electrons to become a positively charged ion (cation), while another atom gains those electrons to become a negatively charged ion (anion). These oppositely charged ions are then attracted to each other and form an ionic bond. An example is the bond between sodium (Na+) and chlorine (Cl-) in sodium chloride (NaCl).
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How many additional valence electrons does bromine need to have a full valence shell?
Answer:
one
Explanation:
What is a solid in which electrons are able to move about easily from one atom to another?
Since heat transfers take place only between systems with different temperatures, explain why the third law of thermodynamics is supported by our current understanding of matter
Final answer:
The third law of thermodynamics is aligned with our understanding of matter and heat transfer because it is consistent with the tendency of energy to spontaneously transfer from hotter to colder systems, a concept supported by the second law of thermodynamics and energy conservation principles.
Explanation:
The student's question addresses why the third law of thermodynamics is supported by our current understanding of matter, particularly considering that heat transfers occur only between systems with different temperatures. The third law of thermodynamics implies that as the temperature of a system approaches absolute zero, the entropy, or disorder, of the system approaches a minimum value. This law is supported by the fact that matter has a property called thermal conductivity, meaning that energy is transferred spontaneously from a higher temperature system to a lower temperature system because the disorder is more probable, and there is a tendency towards energy dispersion.
These concepts are also tied to heat, which is the process of energy transfer due to temperature differences, and the second law of thermodynamics, highlighting that energy transfers are never completely efficient and some energy is always lost as heat. Furthermore, the concept of energy conservation within the first law of thermodynamics states that the total energy of a system is conserved during such interactions. Overall, this understanding is crucial for comprehending the limitations and behaviors in the transfer of energy between systems.
Scientific notation 0.000002
The exponent just on ten will be the amount of decimal points you advance. The scientific notation of 0.000002 is 2x10⁻⁶.
What is scientific notation?Scientific notation is indeed a method of communicating numbers that are either too large or too little to be represented in decimal form. It is also known as 'scientific form' in the United Kingdom, and it is often used among scientists, mathematicians.
The first is merely the digits, with both the decimal place put after the very first digit, and the second is multiplication by 10 to a components impacting of decimal points, which places the decimal place where it used to be. Shift the decimal towards left of decimal point to ensure that there is 1 non-zero digit. The exponent just on ten will be the amount of decimal points you advance. The scientific notation of 0.000002 is 2x10⁻⁶.
Therefore, the scientific notation of 0.000002 is 2x10⁻⁶.
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Nickel metal is added to a solution of copper(ii) nitrate. express your answer as a chemical equation. identify all of the phases in your answer. enter no reaction if no reaction occurs.
The chemical equation will be[tex]\rm \bold{Ni\;(s)+\;Cu(NO_3)_2\;(aq)\rightarrow\;Cu\;(s)+Ni(NO_3)_2\;(aq)}[/tex].
Nickel and Copper belong to group 4 of the periodic table. According to the trend, nickel has been more reactive than copper and has been able to displace copper in the compound.
The reaction between copper nitrate and nickel will be the displacement reaction.
The reaction will be:
[tex]\rm Ni\;+\;Cu(NO_3)_2\;\rightarrow\;Cu\;+Ni(NO_3)_2[/tex]
The reaction has nickel in the solid state, and copper nitrate in the aqueous state, the nickel nitrate solution will be formed with precipitated solid copper.
The reaction will be:
[tex]\rm \bold{Ni\;(s)+\;Cu(NO_3)_2\;(aq)\rightarrow\;Cu\;(s)+Ni(NO_3)_2\;(aq)}[/tex]
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Which electron in magnesium is most shielded from nuclear charge?
Explanation:
The sum of total charge of all the protons present inside the nucleus of an atom is known as the nuclear charge.
As the size of an atom increase there occurs a decrease in nuclear charge. This is because number of shells increases as the size of an atom increases. Therefore, force of attraction between the nucleus of the atom and its outermost electrons decreases.
It means electrons are shielded by the number of shells.
Due to this valence electrons can be easily lost by the atom in a chemical reaction.
Atomic number of magnesium is 12 and its electronic configuration is [tex]1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}[/tex].
Hence, nuclear charge felt by the electrons present in 3s sub-shell will be the least.
Thus, we can conclude that electron is 3s subshell in magnesium is most shielded from nuclear charge.
Which of the following is an example of kinetic energy? (2 points) Select one: a. chemical energy b. gravitational energy c. nuclear energy d. thermal energy
planck's equation E = h x v is used to determine which of the following?
A cheeseburger from a fast food restaurant contains 19 g of fat, 20 g of carbohydrate, and 28 g of protein. how many kcal of energy does the cheeseburger contain? (the accepted caloric values for foods are 4.0 kcal/g for carbohydrate, 9 kcal/g for fat, and 4 kcal/g for protein.) report the answer to 2 significant figures.
We simply get the sum of the product of each mass and caloric values.
Total energy = 19 g * 9 kcal / g + 20 g * 4 kcal / g + 28 g * 4 kcal / g
Total energy = 363 kcal
Rounding of f to 2 significant fig:
Total energy = 360 kcal
The measure of heat and energy present in the fuel and food is called the calorific value. The calorific value is measured in kilojoule per kilogram (KJ/Kg)
The total energy of one meal is calculated by directly adding the energy given by carbohydrates, fats and proteins.
The energy can be calculated as:
Energy from 1 gm of carbohydrate = 4.0 kcal/g
Then, the energy from 20 g of carbohydrate = 20* 4 kcal/g
= 80 kcal/g
Energy from 1 gm of fats = 9.0 kcal/gThen, the energy from 19 g of fats= 19* 9 kcal/g
= 171 kcal/g
Energy from 1 gm of protein = 4.0 kcal/gThen, the energy from 28 g of protein = 28* 4 kcal/g
= 112 kcal/g
Now add the energy from all the constituents:Total energy = 80 kcal/g + 171 kcal/g + 112 kcal/g
= 363 kcal/g
Therefore, the total amount of kcal of energy present in the cheeseburger is 363 kcal.
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The softest and hardest minerals are?
What is the most important change in a chemical change?
1) identity
2)shape
3)size
4)form
5)state
What is the cost of 1.5 pound of sugar if sugar costs $1.37 per 5.0 pounds?
In which group do all atoms have two valence electrons in the ground state?
By making two covalent bonds, an o atom (with 8 protons) fills its valence shell. why does the atom's charge stay close to zero
What ability allows carbon atoms to form a large number of molecules?
5. for the following measurements is expressed to three significant figures? a) 0.007 m b) 7077 mg c) 7.30 x 10^-7 km d) 0.070
Almonds may be small, but they pack a great number of nutrients, including protein, vitamin E, and vitamin B2. Almonds also contain antioxidants and monounsaturated fat, a “good” type of fat that, like the omega-3 fatty acids, reduces the risk of heart disease.
Review the graph that represents the whole class data. Notice that the almond samples provide a large amount of chemical energy. What is the BEST explanation for this large amount of available energy?
A) Vitamins, like vitamin E and B2, contain large amounts of usable chemical energy.
B) Fats and proteins are molecules with many chemical bonds; the bonds release much energy when broken.
C) The energy provided by the almonds is related to mass rather than the chemical composition of the almond.
D) Monounsaturated fats, the good fats, contain many chemical bonds that release large amounts of chemical energy.
Option B is correct.
Ted wants to hang a wall clock on the wall by using a string. If the mass of the wall clock is 0.250 kilograms, what should be the tension of the string so that it can sustain the weight of the wall clock?
Why is the huronian supergroup rock formation particularly interesting to scientists
The Huronian Supergroup is interesting to scientists due to its age, the presence of primitive rock, and evidence of past watery environments. It gives unique insight into the planet's early history.
Explanation:The Huronian Supergroup rock formation is particularly interesting to scientists for many reasons. This rock formation is known for being one of the oldest exposed rock formations available for study, providing crucial insights into the early history of the Earth.
One significant feature is the presence of primitive rock, which has largely escaped chemical modification by heating. This kind of rock is usually only found in comets, asteroids, and small planetary moons, so its presence on Earth in the Huronian Supergroup is of particular interest to scientists because this material represents the original material out of which the planetary system was created.
The presence of layered sedimentary rock with evidence of evaporation also suggests that this area was once underwater, possibly a shallow saltwater lake. The presence of hematite within the rocks, which forms only in watery environments, also supports this theory. This information is vital to creating accurate models of the past climates and environments of the planet.
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What is the density of a piece of wood that has a mass of 2.74 g and a volume of 3.10 cm3?
The density of the piece of wood is approximately 0.88 g/cm³.
Explanation:The density of a substance can be calculated by dividing its mass by its volume. In this case, the mass of the piece of wood is 2.74 g and the volume is 3.10 cm³. To find the density, we divide the mass by the volume:
Density = Mass/Volume
Density = 2.74 g/3.10 cm³
Using a calculator, we find that the density of the piece of wood is approximately 0.88 g/cm³.
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A mixture of 2 or more substances in which the molecules of the substances are evenly mixed
Put the steps of the scientific method into the correct order.
Answer:
Make a hypothesis ---> Conduct an experiment --->Analyze the experimental data ---> Communicate the results
Explanation:
The density of a mystery solid is 1.00 g/cm3. will this float or sink in pure water?
Answer: The mystery solid will sink.
Explanation:
Density is defined as the ratio of mass and volume of the object. The formula used to calculate density is:
[tex]\text{Density of object}=\frac{\text{Mass of the object}}{\text{Volume of the object}}[/tex]
If the density of an object is less than the density of the liquid, the object will float in the liquid.If the density of an object is more than the density of the liquid, the object will sink in the liquid.We are given:
Density of mystery solid = [tex]1.00g/cm^3[/tex]
We know that:
Density of pure water = [tex]0.9982g/cm^3[/tex]
As, the density of mystery solid is more than the density of water. So, the object will sink into the pure water.
The mystery solid will neither float nor sink in pure water.
Explanation:The density of a mystery solid is 1.00 g/cm3. To determine whether it will float or sink in pure water, we need to compare the density of the solid with the density of water. If the density of the solid is less than the density of water (1.00 g/cm3), it will float. However, if the density of the solid is greater than the density of water, it will sink.
In this case, since the density of the mystery solid is equal to the density of water, 1.00 g/cm3, the solid will neither float nor sink in pure water. It will remain suspended at the water's surface.
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In the measurement 0.503 L , which digit is the estimated digit ?
The estimated digit in the measurement 0.503 L is the last digit, 3.
In the measurement 0.503 L, the digit that is estimated is the last digit, which is 3. This is because precision in measurement dictates that the final digit reported is always the one that has some level of uncertainty or estimation. Therefore, in 0.503 L, the precise digits are 0, 5, and the estimated digit is 3.What is the mass of a sample of a substance with a volume of 120 ml and a density of 0.75 g/ml?
Answer:
Density=mass / volume.
0.75= mass / 120.
mass= 0.75×120.
mass=90g
How many moles of magnesium chloride are formed when 55 ml of 0.70 m hcl is added to 42 ml of 1.204 g mg(oh)2?
To find the moles of magnesium chloride formed, first calculate the moles of HCl and Mg(OH)2. Then, use the stoichiometry of the balanced chemical equation to determine the moles of MgCl2. The moles of MgCl2 formed will be half of the moles of HCl.
Explanation:To calculate the moles of magnesium chloride formed when 55 mL of 0.70 M HCl is added to 42 mL of 1.204 g Mg(OH)2, we need to determine the limiting reactant and use stoichiometry. First, let's calculate the moles of HCl:
Moles of HCl = concentration (M) x volume (L) = 0.70 M x 0.055 L = 0.0385 moles HCl
Next, let's calculate the moles of Mg(OH)2:
Moles of Mg(OH)2 = mass / molar mass = 1.204 g / (24.31 g/mol + 2(16.00 g/mol) + 2(1.008 g/mol)) = 0.0100 moles Mg(OH)2
From the balanced chemical equation, we know that 2 moles of HCl reacts with 1 mole of Mg(OH)2 to form 1 mole of MgCl2. Therefore, the moles of MgCl2 formed will be half of the moles of HCl, which is:
Moles of MgCl2 = 0.0385 moles HCl / 2 = 0.0193 moles MgCl2
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What should be done with an unused or used chemical once it has been taken from the original container?
Identify the species oxidized. 2 al3+(aq) + 2 fe(s) → 2 al(s) + 3 fe2+(aq)
The species oxidized in the reaction is Iron Fe.
The oxidation number assigned to Al is +3
The oxidation number assigned to Fe is +2
Here, in the reaction the oxidation number of iron Fe is increased to +3
Hence, we can conclude that the species oxidized in the reaction is Iron Fe.
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If your lab procedure instructs you to add two parts of acid to each one part of water and you start with 25 ml of water, how much acid will you add, and how will you add it
What is the name of the molecular compound that has the formula P2S5
The molecular compound with the formula P₂S₅ is named diphosphorus pentasulfide. Phosphorus is written first as it is less electronegative than sulfur.
The name of the molecular compound with the formula P₂S₅ is diphosphorus pentasulfide. In naming such compounds, the prefix 'di-' indicates the presence of two phosphorus atoms and the prefix 'penta-' indicates the presence of five sulfur atoms.
The rules for naming molecular compounds involve using prefixes to denote the number of atoms. The element written first is generally the one that is less electronegative, in this case, phosphorus. Therefore, the compound P₂S₅ is named diphosphorus pentasulfide.