The high polarity of the oxygen-carbon bond in alcohols is what allows them to be soluble in water.
True
False
*please explain your answer for brainliest

Answer:  

(a) 20.5 g O₂, 8.38 g H₂O; (b) 230 g  

Step-by-step explanation:  

(a) Masses of CO₂ and H₂O  

pV = nRT            Divide each side by RT  

n = (pV)/(RT)  

p = 30.0 torr      Convert to atmospheres  

p = 30.0 × 1/760 = 0.039 47 atm  

V = 300 L  

R = 0.082 06 L·atm·K⁻¹mol⁻¹  

T = (37.0 + 273.15) K = 310.15 K  

n = (0.039 47 × 300)/(0.082 06 × 310.15)  

n = 0.465 mol  

Mass of CO₂ = 0.465 × 44.01 = 20.5 g  

Mass of H₂O = 0.465 × 18.02 = 8.38 g

===============  

(b) Mass lost during sleep  

Mass lost in 1 h = 20.5 + 8.38 = 28.9 g  

Mass lost in 8 h = 8 × 28.9     = 230 g

228.16 g of body mass is lost in 8 hours of sleep.

From the question, we can obtain the number of moles of each gas as follows;

Partial pressure of each gas= 30 torr or 0.039 atm

Volume of the gases =  300 L

Temperature of the gases = 37.0°C + 273 = 310 K

R = 0.082 atmLmol-1K-1

From PV =nRT

n = PV/RT =  0.039 atm × 300 L/0.082 atmLmol-1K-1  × 310 K

n = 0.46 moles of each gas

Hence;

Mass of CO2 lost in 1 hour =  0.46 moles × 44 g/mol = 20.24 g

Mass of water vapor lost in 1 hour = 0.46 moles × 18 g/mol = 8.28 g

If 20.24 g of CO2 is lost in 1 hour of sleep, in 8 hours of sleep;

8 × 20.24 g = 161.92 g of CO2 is lost.

Similarly, if 8.28 g of water vapor is lost in 1 hour of sleep, in 8 hours of sleep; 8 × 8.28 g = 66.24 g of water vapor is lost

Since both the CO2 and water vapor come from metabolism, total body mass lost in 8 hours of sleep = 161.92 g + 66.24 g  = 228.16 g

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Answer:

49.30 L

Explanation:

1. Write the chemical equation.

Ratio:    2 L                 2 L

           2NO +O₂ ⟶ 2NO₂

V/L:       56

=====

2. Calculate the volume of NO₂.

We can use Gay-Lussac's Law of Combining Volumes to solve this problem.

According to the law, 2 L of NO₂ are formed from 2 L of NO.

Then, the conversion factor is (2 L NO₂/2 L NO).

Volume of NO₂ = 56 × 2/2

Volume of NO₂ = 56 L

Answer:

Francium would likely have the lowest electronegativity value.

Explanation:

- 8 meter/sec

( - ) sign denotes deceleration.

a= (Final velocity-initial velocity)/Time

 =(0-80)/10

 = -8 meter/sec

Silver gets oxidized when electroplating silver (Ag) on iron (Fe).

Electroplating is basically the process of plating a metal onto the other by hydrolysis mostly to prevent corrosion of metal or for decorative purposes.

Silver gets oxidized when electroplating silver (Ag) on iron (Fe).

In the process of putting a sliver coating on iron, the iron is the cathode on which the silver ions get reduced.

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Answer:

Zinc blende  

Step-by-step explanation:

Step 1. Calculate the volume of the unit cell

V = l³

V = (0.57)³

V = 0.1852 nm³                Convert to m³

V = 0.1852 × (10⁻⁹)³

V = 1.852 × 10⁻²⁸ m³        Convert to cm³

V = 1.852 × 10⁻²⁸ × 100³

V = 1.852 × 10⁻²⁸× 10⁶

V = 1.852 × 10⁻²² cm³

=====

Step 2. Calculate the mass of a unit cell

ρ = m/V                                             Multiply each side by V

m = Vρ

m = 1.852 × 10⁻²² × 2.10

m = 3.889 × 10⁻²² g                          Convert to u

m = 3.889 × 10⁻²² × 1/(1.661 × 10⁻²⁴)

m = 234 u

=====

Step 3. Calculate the number of formula units per unit cell

AX = 28.5 + 30.0

AX = 58.5u

Formula units = 234/58.5= 4.00 ≈ 4

There are 4 formula units per unit cell

=====

Step 4. Determine the type of unit cell

NaCl = simple cubic cell       = 1 formula unit

CsCl = one-formula-unit cell  = 1 formula unit

The zinc blende structure is shown below. The A atoms are FCC, while the X atoms are at half the tetrahedral sites.

A atoms = 8×⅛  + 6×½ = 1 + 3 = 4

X atoms = 4×1                          = 4

The zinc blende structure has four formula units.

The crystal structures of different materials can be identified by calculating and comparing theoretical densities with the given density. In the given case, among sodium chloride, cesium chloride, and zinc blende, the given parameters (density, atomic weights, cell edge length) suggest that the material could have a Zinc Blende structure.

The crystal structures of sodium chloride, cesium chloride, or zinc blende are different to each other. Sodium chloride (NaCl) has a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure; cesium chloride (CsCl) has simple cubic structure; while Zinc Blende structure is also face-centered cubic but with a different atom arrangement.

To check whether the given density and atomic weights are compatible with any of these structures, we need to calculate the theoretical density for each structure and compare that with the given density. The theoretical density (p) can be calculated by the formula: p = (n * A) / (Vc * Na), where n is number of atoms per unit cell; A is atomic weight; Vc is volume of unit cell (calculated from cell edge length); and Na is Avogadro's number. We calculate this for each structure and compare with the given density to determine possible structure(s).

Given the parameters, and the atomic arrangement of each of the structures, it appears that Zinc Blende is a likely matching structure for this AX ceramic material.

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The quantum mechanical model is based on quantum theory, which illustrates that matter also exhibit characteristics related to waves. On the basis of quantum theory, it is impossible to determine the accurate momentum and position of an electron at a similar time. This is called the uncertainty principle.  

The quantum mechanical model of the atom utilizes composite configurations of orbitals, also known as electron clouds, the volumes of space in which there is a probability to be an electron. Thus, in spite of certainty, this model is based on probability.  

Answer:

the model of atoms that shows what an atom would really look like and the probability field of the electron.

Explanation:

Answer: Option (B) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

Bases are the substances which contain OH ions within the molecule.

For example, solution of NaOH is a basic solution as it contains OH or hydroxide group.

Bases change red litmus into blue and bases have a slippery and soapy texture.

Therefore, we can conclude that out of the given options, one way to test whether an unknown solution is acidic or basic is to check whether the solution has a slippery feel.

Answer: The correct answer is Option B.

Explanation:

To determine the solution to be acidic or basic, one must use some indicators or by their properties.

Properties of acid:

Properties of Bases:

Both of these solutions can conduct electricity. Hence, the correct answer is Option B.

Answer:

A) I (s)

Explanation:

Intermolecular forces are weaker forces of attractions or repulsion that exist between particles (atom or molecules). The intermolecular force of attraction that exist between the halogen family(Florine, Bromine, Chlorine & Iodine) are the van der Waal dispersion forces also known as (london dispersion forces) and they are the weakest force of attraction.

As we move further down the group, there are more greater electrons which move around and these electrons represents and form the temporary dipoles that create these van der Waal dispersion forces.

Another key point concerning the van der Waal dispersion forces is the melting point and the boiling point. Since melting points and boiling point of the halogen family increases down the group because of increase in molecular weight, The stronger the intermolecular force of attraction down the group.

We can therefore conclude that the intermolecular force of attraction is strongest in Iodine I(s) because intermolecular force increases down the group.

So to find the empirical formula you have to simplify. What is something you can take out of all three? The number three, so divide everything by three leaving you with (C2H6O). I hope this helped!

The correct answer is [tex]C_2H_6O[/tex].

It is the simplest ratio of atoms of elements in a compound.

The GCF is 3, so factor 3 of the molecular formula:-

[tex] 3 ( C_2H_6O) [/tex]

The result is the empirical formula [tex]C_2H_6O[/tex].

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Aluminum oxide is a covalent compound.

FALSE

Aluminum oxide is an ionic compound, not a covalent compound, with the formula Al₂O₃.

False. Aluminum oxide is not a covalent compound; it is an ionic compound. Ionic compounds typically form between metals and nonmetals, where electrons are transferred from the metal to the nonmetal.

Aluminum oxide [tex](\(Al_2O_3\))[/tex] is formed by the reaction of aluminum, a metal, with oxygen, a nonmetal:

[tex]\[4Al + 3O_2 \rightarrow 2Al_2O_3\][/tex]

In this reaction, aluminum (Al) loses electrons to form [tex]\(Al^{3+}\)[/tex] ions, and oxygen [tex](O)[/tex] gains electrons to form [tex]\(O^{2-}\)[/tex] ions. The resulting compound, aluminum oxide, has a three-dimensional array of ions held together by ionic bonds. This is in contrast to covalent compounds, where electrons are shared between atoms.

In summary, aluminum oxide is an ionic compound due to the transfer of electrons between aluminum and oxygen atoms.

Xenon atoms occupy about 27.5% of the total volume in a sample of xenon gas at STP due to their packing.

To calculate the fraction of space that xenon (Xe) atoms occupy in a sample of xenon at Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP), we can use the concept of the packing fraction.

This fraction represents the volume occupied by the Xe atoms compared to the total volume of the sample.

1. Calculate the volume of one xenon atom:

  Given the atomic radius (r) of xenon as 1.3 angstroms, we need to find the volume of a single Xe atom. The formula for the volume of a sphere is [tex]V = (4/3)\pi r^3[/tex], where r is the radius.

2. Calculate the volume occupied by one mole of Xe atoms:

3. Convert the volume to liters:

4. Calculate the total volume of one mole of Xe gas at STP:

5. Calculate the packing fraction:

Therefore, xenon atoms occupy approximately 27.5% of the total volume in a sample of xenon gas at STP.

See the sketch attached for a Lewis cross-and-dot structure of PCl₅.

The central P atom ends up with ten valence electrons.

Unlike P, Cl does not form expanded octets. Each Cl atom in PCl₅ will share one electron with a P atom. Each will form one P-Cl covalent bond and end up with a typical octet of eight electrons. Six of the eight electrons come from three non-bonding pairs (a.k.a. "lone pairs").

P is found in IUPAC group 15 of a modern periodic table. A neutral P atom has five valence electrons. Each of them goes to a P-Cl bond in PCl₅. The central P atom will end up forming five P-Cl bonds. That will gives the atom a total of ten valence electrons. That is two electrons more than a typical octet- hence the name "expanded octet".

Phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5) exhibits the concept of the expanded octet as phosphorus forms five covalent bonds. The total number of valence electrons in PCl5 is 40, and all 40 valence electrons are counted toward the central phosphorus atom.

Phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5) is a molecule featuring expanded octet concept, as the central phosphorus atom forms five covalent bonds. To determine the total number of valence electrons in PCl5, we need to count the valence electrons of each atom and consider the charge of the molecule. Phosphorus has five valence electrons, while each chlorine has seven valence electrons. Therefore, the total number of valence electrons in PCl5 is 40.

When we draw the Lewis structure, we place the phosphorus atom in the center and arrange the chlorine atoms around it. Each chlorine forms a single bond with phosphorus, resulting in five P-Cl bonds. The remaining valence electrons are placed on the chlorine atoms as lone pairs to fulfill the octet rule. Since there are no additional atoms bonded to the central phosphorus atom, all 40 valence electrons are counted toward the central P atom.

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Answer:

A

Explanation:

The amplitude of a wave is directly proportional to the energy it carries. Amplitude is the distance of displacement, by a particle of the wave, in the media in which it travels. The higher the energy in the wave the higher the amplitude and vice versa.  The frequency and wavelength of the wave (which are dependent on the type of wave) remain unchanged even with the change in amplitude.

Some of the waves energy is always being dissipated as heat which will reduce the waves amplitude.

Those waves which carry energy in it in any form is known as waves energy, e.g. ocean waves, wind waves, etc.

Waves will carry energy in it and show their energy can be noticed in the form of their movement. When waves carry low amount of energy then they do not show much movement as compare to the waves which carry high energy. So, we conclude that wave energy is directly proportional to the amplitude, i.e. more energy results in more displacement of particle from their mean position in the medium.

Hence, option (a) is correct i.e. when amplitude reduces, some of the waves energy is always being dissipated as heat.

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Final answer:

An FeCl3 solution is yellow, KSCN solution is colorless, and mixing these two forms a blood-red solution due to the formation of FeSCN2+.

Explanation:

The color of an FeCl3 solution would be yellow, as FeCl3 contains Fe3+ ions, which are yellow in aqueous solution. A KSCN solution would be colorless because both the potassium ions (K+) and the thiocyanate ions (SCN-) are colorless in solution.

When FeCl3 and KSCN are mixed, the solution becomes blood-red due to the formation of FeSCN2+, which is the product of the chemical reaction between Fe3+ and SCN- ions.

1. An FeCl₃ solution would be yellow.

2. A KSCN solution would be colorless.

3. Mixing FeCl₃ and KSCN would produce a blood-red color due to the formation of the Fe(SCN)²⁺ complex.

Let's answer the questions based on the given equilibrium reaction: Fe³⁺(aq) (yellow) + SCN⁻(aq) (colorless) ⇌ Fe(SCN)²⁺(aq) (blood-red).

Ans 1. An FeCl₃ solution would be yellow due to the presence of Fe³⁺ ions in the solution.

Ans 2. A KSCN solution would be colorless because SCN⁻ ions are colorless in solution.

Ans 3. When you mix FeCl₃ and KSCN, the resulting solution will be blood-red. This is because Fe³⁺ ions react with SCN⁻ ions to form the Fe(SCN)²⁺ complex, which gives a blood-red color.

A volatile liquid is one that evaporates or vaporizes quickly at room temperature. Not all volatile substances are liquids; some are solids. In everyday language, "volatile" means to erupt emotionally or suddenly become angry or violent. It can also mean someone whose emotions swing up and down quickly.

A volatile liquid in chemistry describes a substance that rapidly evaporates at room temperature due to its low boiling point. Common examples of volatile liquids include alcohol, gasoline, and perfume.

In chemistry, a volatile liquid is one that evaporates or vaporizes quickly at room temperature due to its low boiling point. Volatility describes a substance's tendency to transition from the liquid to the gaseous phase. Liquids like alcohol, gasoline, and perfume are known as volatile as they readily evaporate, often creating a smell or fragrance we can detect. Take, for example, a perfume bottle. If it is left open, the liquid perfume inside tends to evaporate fast - this is because it is a volatile liquid.

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I believe that correct answer is ligaments

David's conclusion is incorrect as water is a compound that requires hydrogen and oxygen for its formation. Burning hydrogen in air involves a reaction with oxygen, therefore water is formed from two elements, not just one.

David's conclusion is incorrect. Although burning hydrogen in air can produce water, this does not prove water is not a compound. Water is actually a compound because it is formed from two or more elements, hydrogen and oxygen, combined in a fixed ratio of 2 hydrogen atoms to 1 oxygen atom (H2O).

When hydrogen is burned in air, it reacts with the oxygen present in the air. Therefore, he is not just using hydrogen but also oxygen to form the resultant product, which is water.

The reaction goes like this: 2H2 (hydrogen gas) + O2 (oxygen gas) -> 2H2O (water). Each molecule of water contains atoms from two different elements, namely hydrogen and oxygen, which classifies it as a compound, according to the definition of a compound.

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David's conclusion about water is incorrect. When hydrogen burns in air, it reacts with oxygen to form water. Therefore, water is indeed a compound because it consists of more than one type of element.

David's conclusion that water is not a compound because only hydrogen is used to form it is incorrect. Water is indeed a compound because it contains atoms of more than one type of element, which in this case are hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O). Even though it may seem like only hydrogen is involved, burning hydrogen in air actually consumes oxygen from the air. Thus, when hydrogen burns, it reacts with the oxygen in the air to form water.

Let's look at this simple reaction. When hydrogen gas (H₂) burns in the presence of oxygen (O₂), it produces water (H₂O). The basic balanced chemical reaction is as follows:

2H₂ (hydrogen gas) + O₂ (oxygen gas) -> 2H₂O (water)

This shows that not only is hydrogen involved in forming water, but so is oxygen. Therefore, water is indeed a compound and not just a homonuclear molecule or a mixture of hydrogen.

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Rule 2: anions. The anion name is formed from the name of the element, but “ide” replaces the normal ending in the elements name. So Cl-‐ is the ion formed from chlorine and its name is chloride ion. N-‐3 is the ion formed from nitrogen and its name is nitride ion.

most common is Ammonium, hope I got this right!

 The  limiting  reagent  is   H₂SO₄

   calculation

Step 1 :write the equation for reaction

2 NaOH + H₂SO₄  → Na₂SO₄   + 2 H₂O

Step  2: use the mole ratio to determine the  moles of product  produced from each reactant

that is   from  equation above,

NaOH : Na₂SO₄  is 2 :1 therefore the  moles of Na₂So₄

= 10.0 moles x 1/2 =  5.0 moles

H₂SO₄ :Na₂SO₄  is 1:1 therefore the moles  of Na₂SO₄  is also = 3.50 moles

H₂SO₄  is the limiting reagent since  it produces  less amount of Na₂SO₄

   2 NH3 + 2 O2 → N2O + 3 H2O

mass of O2 = 80.0g

moles of O2 = 80.0/32 = 2.5 moles O2

moles of N2O = 2.5 moles O2 x   1 mole N2O      = 1.25 moles N2O

                                                       2 moles of O2

mass of N2O produced ;

moles = mass/Molar mass

mass = moles x Molar mass

        = 1.25 x 44.02

        = 55.025 g N2O

55.025g of N2O is produced in this reaction.

The correct answer is 67.6 grams of N₂O will be produced.

To solve this problem, we will use stoichiometry to find the mass of N₂O produced from 80.0 grams of O₂ .

 First, we need to determine the moles of O₂  that are reacted:

Moles of O₂ = mass of O2 / molar mass of O₂

Moles of O₂  = 80.0 g / 32 g/mol

Moles of O₂  = 2.5 mol

2 NH₃ + 2 O₂  --- N₂O + 3 H₂O

From the equation, we see that 2 moles of O₂  produce 1 mole of N₂O. Therefore, the moles of N₂O produced will be half the moles of O₂  reacted:

Moles of N₂O = Moles of O₂  / 2

Moles of N₂O = 2.5 mol / 2

Moles of N₂O = 1.25 mol

 Now, we convert the moles of N₂O to grams using its molar mass:

 Mass of N₂O = moles of N₂O × molar mass of N₂O

Mass of N₂O = 1.25 mol × 44.02 g/mol

Mass of N₂O = 55.025 g

 Since we are looking for the mass of N₂O to the nearest tenth of a gram, we round the result to 55.0 g.

Therefore, when 80.0 grams of O₂ are reacted, 55.0 grams of N₂O will be produced.

There are 2.408 × 10²⁴ atoms in 4 moles of oxygen.

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1) Answer is: A) Is boiling point affected by the strength of particle attraction?

Intermolecular forces are the forces between molecules or particles.  

For example, because of hydrogen bonds, water has higher boiling temperatures than hydrogen sulfide (H₂S).

In molecule of water there are dipole-dipole forces between negatively charged oxygen from one molecule of water and positively charger hydrogen of another molecule of water.  

Hydrogen bond is an electrostatic attraction between two polar groups that occurs when a hydrogen atom (H), covalently bound to a highly electronegative atom such as flourine (F), oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N) atoms.  

2) Answer is: A) it is a solid because strong attractive forces prevent particles from moving.

In solid, molecules are closely packed, stiff and do not changes of shape or volume. Solid object (for example wood) does not take on the shape of its container.

Liquids (for example water) have definite volume, but no fixed shape.

Gases (for example nitrogen and neeon) not have definite volume and fixed shape, it depends on its container.

3) Answer is: B) it undergoes phase change.

A physical change occurs when a substance changes phase.

For example, evaporization is phase change process in which the water changes from a liquid to a gas (water vapor).

Condensation is phase change process in which the water changes from a gas to a liquid.

If the arrangement of particles is changed, that is chemical change or chemical reaction (new substance is formed).

4) Answer is: C) Airplane and human body.

Human body converts food (chemical energy) in, for example, driving bicycle (mechanical energy).

Balanced chemical reaction for cellular respiration (convert chemical energy of glucose):  

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy .

Airplane use combustion of gasoline (chemical energy) for moving turbines.

Balanced chemical reaction of combustion of gasoline (octane):

2C₈H₁₈ + 25O₂ → 16CO₂ + 18H₂O.

5) Answer is:

a) Melting is a physical change (process), the same substance is present before and after the change, so chemical bonds and melting point of the substance are not changed.

Substance changes phase from solid state to liquid.

b) Combustion (substance set on fire) is chemical change(chemical reaction) with oxygen, so chemical bonds and melting point of the substance are changed.

6) Answer is:

The two main variables in an experiment are the independent and dependent variable.

Dependent variable is the variable being tested and measured in a scientific experiment.

Dependent variables depend on the values of controlled variables.

The dependent variables represent the output or outcome whose variation is being studied.

The dependent variables is chemical change and controlled variable is temperature.

The student is investigating if boiling point is affected by the strength of particle attraction (A), the state Z is a liquid (C), a physical change can result in a phase change (B), and the airplane and human body convert chemical energy to mechanical energy (C). The temperature can affect the rate of chemical change in an experiment.

The boiling point of substances with different intermolecular forces is being investigated to determine if the boiling point is affected by the strength of particle attraction. The correct answer to this question is A) Is boiling point affected by the strength of particle attraction?

For the state of matter described as state Z in the question, where weak forces allow for some motion, the substance is likely a liquid, indicating that the correct answer is C) it is a liquid because weak attractive forces allow for some motion.

A substance undergoing a physical change can have various outcomes, but elemental composition alteration or the formation of a new molecule would signify a chemical change, not a physical one. Thus, the correct answer is B) it undergoes phase change.

Examples of things that convert chemical energy to mechanical energy include an airplane and the human body, hence the correct answer is C) Airplane and human body.

When comparing the changes that occur when a substance melts versus when it is set on fire, melting is a physical change where the state of the substance changes from solid to liquid by the process of heating. Setting something on fire is a chemical change where the substance reacts with oxygen, often resulting in combustion and the formation of new substances.

In an experiment that investigates the effect of temperature on the rate of chemical change, a suitable hypothesis could be that increasing the temperature will increase the rate of the chemical reaction. The independent variable would be the temperature since it is the variable that is manipulated. The dependent variable is the rate of the chemical change as it depends on the temperature changes. The controlled variables are conditions like the concentration of reactants, pressure, and physical state which should be kept constant during the experiment.

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Answer: Dark matter may be Dark matter form the cause of the expansion of the universe  and  a new form of subatomic particle.

Explanation:

85% of the matter of the universe. scientists don't know exactly what makes up dark matter. It may be made of baryonic or non-baryonic particles or some new subatomic particles. No light emits from it thus it is named dark matter. Only its gravitational effect is observable which led to its discovery.The velocity of stars is different in different regions of galaxy.  It is also thought to be cause of expansion of universe.

Thus, the correct answer is: Dark matter may be the cause of the expansion of the universe  and a new form of subatomic particle.

Answer:

A new form of subatomic particle and cold matter that emits little radiation

Explanation:

"Dark matter may be cold regular matter or a new form of subatomic particle."

You can find the answer in the review in the last section of your assignment.

Explanation:

Wind turbines generate electricity by following simple principle. Moving wind transfers energy to the to the blades of the wind mill which results in spinning of the blades. These blades are connected to internal shaft which also starts spinning. This spinning of shaft generates electricity which is further distributed to electrical substations to provide electricity to homes and businesses.

Step 1: Wind moves the blades of the turbine.

Step 2: Internal shaft spins

Step 3: Generator produces electricity

Step 4: Distribution lines carry electricity to substation

Answer:

Explanation:

1 . Wind moves the blades of the turbine .

2. Internal shaft spins .

3. Generator produces electricity .

4. Distribution lines carry electricity to substations .

In pure water, the concentration of hydroxide (OH-) ions and hydronium (H3O+) ions are equal due to the nature of water's dissociation, making it a neutral substance. It doesn't prefer the production of one ion over the other. Although it conducts electricity, pure water is a weak electrolyte.

The correct statement about pure water is that (A) it contains equal amounts of hydroxide, [OH-], and hydronium, [H3O+], ions. When water dissociates, it produces equal amounts of OH-, the hydroxide ion, and H3O+, the hydronium ion. This balance exists because pure water is neutral (has a pH of 7), so it doesn't favor the production of one ion over the other. Neither option (B) nor (C) are correct because they suggest an imbalance that wouldn't exist in pure water. Option (D) is incorrect as well because while pure water does conduct electricity, it's a very weak electrolyte compared to many other solutions.

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 The  balanced chemical  equation  when sodium and  oxygen react is  as below

4 Na + O₂  → 2 Na₂O

  Explanation

From equation above 4  moles of  sodium (Na) react  with 1  mole   of oxygen (O₂)  to produce sodium oxide ( Na₂O)

Since there  is equal  number  number of atoms   in  side  of reactants  and    in the side  of product  the  equation  is balanced.

For  example there is 4 atoms of Na in side of reactant and 4  in side  of product.

Answer :

(a) The number of grams of iron metal obtained, 698.616 g

(b) The number of grams of carbon dioxide used in the reaction, 826.32 g

Solution : Given,

Mass of hematite = 1 Kg = 1000 g

Molar mass of hematite = 159.69 g/mole

Molar mass of iron = 55.8 g/mole

Molar mass of carbon dioxide = 44 g/mole

(a) First we have to calculate the moles of hematite.

[tex]\text{Moles of hematite}=\frac{\text{Mass of hematite}}{\text{Molar mass of hematite}}=\frac{1000g}{159.69g/mole}=6.26moles[/tex]

Now we have to calculate the moles of iron.

The given balanced reaction is,

[tex]Fe_2O_3(s)+3CO(g)\rightarrow 2Fe(s)+3CO_2(g)[/tex]

From the balanced reaction, we conclude that

As, 1 mole of hematite react to give 2 moles of iron

So, 6.26 moles of hematite react to give [tex]2\times 6.26=12.52[/tex] moles of iron

Now we have to calculate the mass of iron.

[tex]\text{Mass of iron}=\text{Moles of iron}\times \text{Molar mass of iron}[/tex]

[tex]\text{Mass of iron}=(12.52moles)\times (55.8g/mole)=698.616g[/tex]

(b) Now we have to calculate the moles of carbon dioxide.

From the balanced reaction we conclude that

As, 1 mole of hematite react to give 3 moles of carbon dioxide

So, 6.26 moles of hematite react to give [tex]3\times 6.26=18.78[/tex] moles of carbon dioxide

Now we have to calculate the mass of carbon dioxide.

[tex]\text{Mass of }CO_2=\text{Moles of }CO_2\times \text{Molar mass of }CO_2[/tex]

[tex]\text{Mass of }CO_2=(18.78moles)\times (44g/mole)=826.32g[/tex]

Therefore, (a) The number of grams of iron metal obtained, 698.616 g

(b) The number of grams of carbon dioxide used in the reaction, 826.32 g

1) Answer is: B) A chemical change of butane into other substances.

Balanced chemical reaction: 2C₄H₁₀ + 13O₂ → 8CO₂ + 10H₂O.

This is chemical change (chemical reaction), because two new substances are formed (carbon dioxide and waters), the atoms are rearranged and the reaction is followed by an energy change.

This is not physical change, because the same substance is present before and after the psysical change, just with different form or state of matter.

2) Answer is: A) It increases.

Electrons can jump from one energy level to another, absorbing or emitting electromagnetic radiation with a frequency ν (energy difference of the levels).

Albert Einstein (1879-1955) proposed that a beam of light is a collection of discrete wave packets (photons) with energy hν, where h is Planck constant and ν is frequency.

Energy level 2 has higher energy than energy level 1.

3) Answer is: C) 400 kPa.

Boyle's Law (the pressure-volume law): volume of a given amount of gas held at constant temperature varies inversely with the applied pressure when the temperature and mass are constant.  

p₁V₁ = p₂V₂ (the product of the initial volume and pressure is equal to the product of the volume and pressure after a change).  

p₁ = 100 kPa; starting pressure.  

V₁ = 1.0 L., starting volume.

V₂ = 0.25 L; final volume, smaller than starting volume.

p₂ = ?; final pressure.  

100 kPa · 1 L = p₂ · 0.25 L.  

p₂ = 100 kPa · 1 L / 0.25 L.  

p₂ = 400 kPa.  

When volume goes up, pressure goes down.  

When volume goes down, pressure goes up.  

4) Answer is: C) HClO₄.

Balanced chemical reaction of dissociation of perchloric acid in water:

HClO₄(aq) → H⁺(aq) + ClO₄⁻(aq).

Ionic compounds (in this example perchloric acid) conduct electricity, because it dissociate in ions and ions conduct electicity.  

Ionic substances dissociate in water on cations and anions.  

Perchloric acid (HCO₄) is one of strongest inorganic acids.  

NH₃ is ammonia, NaOH is sodium hydroxide and NH₄OH ammonium hydroxide, all are bases.

5) Answer is: D) A and D.

A catalyst is a chemical species that is present at the beginning of a reaction and reappears at the end.

An intermediate forms during the reaction and disappears before the end.

Catalysis is the increase in the rate of a chemical reaction due to the participation of an additional substance called a catalyst.

Reactions occur faster with a catalyst because they require less activation energy.

6) Answer is: D) H2O has stronger intermolecular force of attraction.

Intermolecular forces are the forces between molecules or particles.

Because of hydrogen bonds, water has higher melting and boiling temperatures than H₂S.

In molecule of water there are dipole-dipole forces between negatively charged oxygen from one molecule of water and positively charger hydrogen of another molecule of water.

Hydrogen bond is an electrostatic attraction between two polar groups that occurs when a hydrogen atom (H), covalently bound to a highly electronegative atom such as flourine (F), oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N) atoms.

The answer is C. And to check, NA which has the atomic number of 11 is in group 1.

The element is in group 1 for having a single electron in the 3s orbital.

A neutral atom of element 11 will have a total of 11 electrons. By the Aufbau "build-up" principle, it will have:

2 + 2 + 6 + 1 = 11.

Its electron configuration shall be:

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹

The first ten electrons [tex]1s^{2} \; 2s^2 \; 2p^{6}[/tex] completes the first two electron shells. That leaves the atom with one valence electron in its 3s orbital. As a result, it shall be placed in group 1 of the periodic table.