The problem is about calculating the least amount of total illuminance from two light sources of differing intensities. This is tackled through understanding and applying the Inverse Square Law for Light, which is a concept in Physics.
Explanation:In this problem, we are dealing with the concept of the Inverse Square Law for Light which states that the intensity (illuminance) of light or radiation at any point is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source. This means, if the distance from the source of light is doubled, the illuminance will decrease to (1/2)^2 = 1/4 of its original value, and if the distance is tripled, illuminance will decrease to (1/3)^2 = 1/9 of its original value etc.
Here, we have two light source, one having an intensity of nine times that of the other, and they are 11 m apart. We need to find the distance from the stronger light where the total illuminance is least. This involves setting up an equation that includes the intensities of both lights, and their respective distances from the point in question, and then differentiating it with respect to the distance to find a minimum.
In solving this problem, we consider the increased illuminance from the stronger light, and where the decrease in illuminance from the weaker light would result in the least total illuminance along the line between the two light sources. This represents a practical application of the inverse square law for light in the field of physics.
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The intensity of illumination is less at points farther from a light source because of the inverse square law for light. The point at which total illumination is least from two light sources depends on their intensities and separation.
Explanation:The question relates to the inverse square law for light, which states that the intensity of light is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source. In other words, as the distance from the light source increases, the intensity of illumination decreases at a rate that's the square of this distance increase.
If you are standing between two light sources, the total illumination at the point where you stand will be a combination of the intensity of the two sources. Given that one source is nine times stronger than the other, the stronger light source will dominate the illumination at closer distances. As you move away from the stronger source and towards the weaker one, the intensity from the stronger light source will diminish quickly according to the inverse square law.
However, because the weaker light is so much less intense to begin with, even as you approach it, it can't compensate for the lost illumination from the stronger light. There will thus be a point at which the total illumination starts to decrease again. The total illumination will be least at a point where the diminishing intensity of the stronger light just balances with the increasing intensity of the weaker light as we move towards it. This point depends on the specific intensities of the two lights and their separation, and would require further computation to ascertain exact placement.
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Binary molecular (covalent) compounds are formed as the result of a reaction between two nonmetals. Although there are no ions in these compounds, they are named in a similar manner to binary ionic compounds. The nomenclature of binary covalent compounds follows these rules:The first element in the formula is given first, using the element’s full name.The second element is named as if it were an anion.ummarize the rules for naming binary molecular compounds. 32. Define a binary molecular compound. 33. Describe the difference between a binary acid and an oxyacid. 34. Apply Using the system of rules for naming binary molecular compounds, describe how you would name the molecule N 2 O 4 . 35. Apply Write the molecular formula for each of these compounds: iodic acid, disulfur trioxide, dinitrogen monoxide, and hydrofluoric acid. 36. State the molecular formula for each compound?
Answer:
Binary molecular compounds are the compounds consisting of two non-metallic elements. Examples of binary molecular compounds include: NO2, HCl, HF, P2O5 e.t.c.
Rules For Naming Binary Molecular Compounds
Naming binary molecular compounds is quite easy,
1. The first element is given its name.
2. The second element is given its root name (such as, hydro, carb,ox, chlor e.t.c.) followed by suffix ide.
Name of N2O4 - Dinitrogen tetraoxide
Chemical Formula of;
iodic acid: HI
disulfur trioxide: S2O3
dinitrogen monoxide: N2O
hydrofluoric acid: HF
Difference between Binary acid and an oxyacid
An oxyacid is an acid consisting of an oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom and at least one other non-metallic element. Examples of oxyacids include HNO3, H2SO4 e.t.c.
Binary acids are the acids consisting of hydrogen atom bonded to a non-metallic element. Examples include HF, HCl, HI e.t.c.
Answer:
Explanation:Rrules for naming binary compounds.
1. The less electronegative element is written first.This is not always true for all elements.Nonmetals follow this order:C,p,N,H,S,I,Br,Cl,O,F.
2.The right numeric prefix is used example mono for 1 atom,did for 2 atoms,tri for 3 atoms,tetra for 4 atoms.etc
3. The second element is named after the first with the ending of the element's name changed to-ide then the right prefix is used for the second element.
4.Drop the 'a' in a prefix ending in one prior to the one starting with the vowel'o'. Example write tetroxide instead of tetra oxide.
32. A binary compound is a compound that contains two non metals.
33. A binary acid is a compound that contains a hydrogen atom that is bonded to a non metal in its molecule.They are called hydracids.The general formular is H-X.Examples are HCl,H2S, etcwhile oxyacid are compounds that are composed of hydrogen,oxygen and other elements in the molecule. An eample is HClO3.
34. N2O3 will be named dintrogentetroxide.This is because it is a covalent compound and will follow rule 2 by putting the right numeric prefix based on the number of atoms of nitrogen and oxygen in the molecule.The 'a"at the end of tetra dropped because of the vowel 'o'in the next letter.
35. a. Molecular formulae of iodic acid is HIO3
b.Molecular formulae for disulfurtrioxide is
S2O3
c.Molecular formulae for dinirtrogenmonoxide is N2O
d. Hydrogenchloric ice HCl
36. Answer 35
A 100g sample of a metal was heated to 100oC and then quickly transferred to an insulated container holding 100g of water at 22oC. The temperature of the water rose to reach a final temperature of 35oC. Which of the following can be concluded?
A) The metal temperature changed more than the water temperature did; therefore the metal
lost more thermal energy than the water gained.
B) The metal temperature changed more than the water temperature did, but the metal lost
the same amount of thermal energy as the water gained.
C) The metal temperature changed more than the water temperature did; therefore the heat
capacity of the metal must be greater than the heat capacity of the water.
D) The final temperature is less than the average starting temperature of the metal and the
water; therefore the total energy of the metal and water decreased.
Answer:
B) The metal temperature changed more than the water temperature did, but the metal lost
the same amount of thermal energy as the water gained.
Explanation:
Heat capacity or thermal capacity is defined as the amount of heat required by a given mass of a material to raise its temperature by one unit which means that the heat capacity of the water, that is the quantity of heat required to cause a rise from 22°C to 35°C that is a rise of 13°C is the quantity of heat that caused the drop in temperature of the metal from 100°C to 35°C a change of 65°C
The water has more capacity to absorb heat or a higher heat capacity than the metal
However, the first law of thermodynamics states that energy is neither created nor destroyed, but it changes from one form to another. In this case, the thermal energy lost by the metal is the same as the thermal or heat energy gained by the water
The branch of science which deals with chemicals and bonds is called chemistry.
The correct answer is B
Heat capacity or thermal capacity is defined as the amount of heat required by a given mass of a material to raise its temperature by one unit which means that the heat capacity of the water
The quantity of heat required to cause a rise from 22°C to 35°C that is a rise of 13°C is the quantity of heat that caused the drop in temperature of the metal from 100°C to 35°C a change of 65°C
The water has more capacity to absorb heat or a higher heat capacity than the metal because the water has more space in between the particles.
However, the first law of thermodynamics states that energy is neither created nor destroyed, but it can transform from one material to another material. The heat always flows from the high temperature to the low temperature.
Hence, the correct option is B that is The metal temperature changed more than the water temperature did, but the metal lost the same amount of thermal energy as the water gained.
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A molecule with a central atom and two bonded atoms is bent with a bond angle of 105◦ . Assuming the central atom satisfies the octet rule, how many lone pairs does it have?
Answer: 2 lone pairs
Explanation: this is clearly a water molecule in which two hydrogen atom is bonded to one oxygen atom.
Please see attachment for explanation
The molecule with a central atom and two bonded atoms is bent with a bond angle of 105°. It has two lone pairs of electrons on the central atom.
Explanation:The molecule with a central atom and two bonded atoms is bent with a bond angle of 105°. When a central atom has two bonded atoms and a bond angle less than the typical angle for that geometry, it indicates the presence of one or more lone pairs of electrons on the central atom. In this case, since the molecule is bent, it suggests the presence of two lone pairs of electrons on the central atom. The central atom satisfies the octet rule, which requires it to have 8 valence electrons, made up of both shared and unshared electrons.
Would phenobarbital, atropine, or serotonin have blocked naloxone binding at a concentration of 10–5 M?
Answer:
5
Explanation:
because im a bot :)
Aqueous solutions of aluminum sulfate and barium chloride are mixed, resulting in the precipitate formation of barium sulfate with aqueous aluminum chloride as the other product. (Use the lowest possible coefficients.
Answer:
Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3BaCl2(aq) → 3BaSO4(s) + 2AlCl3(aq)
Explanation:
The question wants you to use the lowest possible coefficients to balance the equation.
According to the question the reaction is as follows ;
Generally, writing the chemical formula requires one to exchange the charge between the cations and anions involved. Example aluminum sulfate has Al3+ and (SO4)2- . cross multiply the charges to get Al2(SO4)3
aluminum sulfate → Al2(SO4)3
barium chloride → BaCl2
barium sulfate → BaSO4
aluminum chloride → AlCl3
Al2(SO4)3(aq) + BaCl2(aq) → BaSO4(s) + AlCl3(aq)
To balance a chemical equation one have to make sure the number of atom of element on the reactant side(left) is equal to the number of atom of elements on the product side(right).
Now, the equation can be be balance with the lowest coefficient as follows;
Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3BaCl2(aq) → 3BaSO4(s) + 2AlCl3(aq)
The bold numbers is the coefficient use to balance the equation.
The number of atom on the reactant side is equal to the product side. Using aluminium atom as a case study the number of aluminium atom on the reactant side is 2 and the on the product side it is also 2.
When aqueous aluminum sulfate and barium chloride are mixed, aluminum chloride forms as a product, while barium sulfate precipitates.
Explanation:When aqueous solutions of aluminum sulfate and barium chloride are mixed, a double replacement reaction occurs. The aluminum sulfate dissociates into aluminum ions (Al³⁺) and sulfate ions (SO₄²⁻), while the barium chloride separates into barium ions (Ba²⁺) and chloride ions (Cl⁻).
The aluminum ions react with the chloride ions, forming aluminum chloride (AlCl₃) as a product. The barium ions react with the sulfate ions, resulting in the formation of solid barium sulfate (BaSO₄) as a precipitate. This reaction can be represented by the chemical equation: 3BaCl₂ + Al₂(SO₄) ₃ → 3BaSO₄ + 2AlCl₃.
In this reaction, the aluminum chloride remains in the aqueous solution, while the barium sulfate precipitates and can be separated from the solution.
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Calculate the coulombic force of repulsion between nearest-neighbor o2- ions in cao. (note problems 2.15, 2.16, and 2.17.)
Answer:
F = -1.604x10⁻⁸ N
Explanation:
The Coulomb force (F) of repulsion between nearest-neighbor O²⁻ ions in CaO can be calculated using the next equation:
[tex] F = K frac{(Z_{Ca^{2+}})(Z_{O^{2-}})(e^{-})^{2}}{r^{2}} [/tex]
where K: is the coulomb's constant, Z: is the charge of the Ca²⁺ and O²⁻ ions, e⁻: is the electron's charge, and r: is the distance between the nuclei of the two ions.
Having that:
[tex] r = r_{Ca^{2+}} + r_{O^{2-}} = 114 pm + 126 pm = 240 pm = 2.4\cdot 10^{-10} m [/tex]Z Ca²⁺ = 2+Z O²⁻ = 2-e⁻ = 1.602x10⁻¹⁹ CK = 9x10⁹ N*m²*C⁻²The Coulomb force (F) of repulsion is:
[tex] F = 9\cdot 10^{9} N*m^{2}*C^{-2} \frac{(2+)(2-)(1.602\cdot 10^{-19}C)^{2}}{(2.4\cdot 10^{-10} m)^{2}} = -1.604 \cdot 10^{-8} N [/tex]
Hence, the Coulomb force of repulsion between the two ions in CaO is -1.604x10⁻⁸ N.
I hope it helps you!
The coulombic force of repulsion between nearest-neighbour O²⁻ ions in CaO can be calculated using Coulomb's law and the crystal structure of CaO. The formula for calculating the force is F = k(q₁ × q₂)/r₂, where q₁ and q₂ are the charges of the ions, r is the distance between them, and k is a constant.
Explanation:The coulombic force of repulsion between nearest-neighbor O²⁻ ions in CaO can be calculated using Coulomb's law. The formula for calculating the force of repulsion between two ions with charges q1 and q2, separated by a distance r, is given by:
F = k(q₁ × q₂)/r₂
In this case, the charge of each O²⁻ ion is -2. The distance between the ions can be determined using the crystal structure of CaO, which is rock salt. The nearest-neighbour distance (equilibrium separation distance) in a rock salt crystal is equal to the sum of the ionic radii of the cation and anion.
The value of the constant k in Coulomb's law is 8.99 x 109Nm²/C². The ionic radii of the O²⁻ and Ca²⁺ ions can be obtained from a reference table or provided data. Using the given values, you can calculate the coulombic force of repulsion between the nearest-neighbor O²⁻ ions in CaO.
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A 2.40 M aqueous solution of LiCl has a density of 1.0538 g/mL. If the total mass of the solution is 54.0 g, what masses of solute and solvent are present?
Answer:
5.21 g of solute (LiCl)
48.79 g of solvent (water)
Explanation:
This is our information
[LiCl] = 2.40 M → 2.40 moles of salt in 1L of solution
Density of solution: 1.0538 g/mL (solution mass / solution volume)
54 g → solution mass
Let's determine solution volume with density
1.0538 g/mL = solution mass / solution volume
1.0538 g/mL = 54 g / solution volume
Solution volume = 54 g / 1.0538 g/mL → 51.2 mL
Now, we can know the mass of solute, by molarity.
In 1 L of solution (1000 mL) we know that we have 2.40 mol of chloride.
Then, how many moles of chloride, do we have in 51.2mL of solution. We make a rule of three:
1000 mL has 2.40 moles of LiCl
51.2 mL would have (51.2 . 2.40)/1000 = 0.123 moles of solute
We apply molar mass to know the mass ( mol . molar mass)
0.123 moles . 42.39 g/m = 5.21 g of LiCl
Finally solute mass + solvent mass = solution mass
5.21 g LiCl + solvent mass = 54 g
54 g - 5.21 g = solvent mass → 48.79 g
The mass of solute is 5.22 g and the mass of solvent is 48.78 g
Molarity, Volume and Density relationshipMolarity = moles/volumeDensity = mass/volumemoles = mass/molar massMolarity of LiCl = 2.40 M
Therefore, 2.40 moles of salt is present in 1L of solution
Density of solution: 1.0538 g/mL
Mass of solution = 54.0 g
Volume of solution = mass/densityVolume = 54 g / 1.0538 g/mL
Volume of solution = 51.2 mL
Number of moles of LiCl present in 51.2 mL solution is determined;1 L or 1000 mL solution contains 2.40 moles
51.2 mL will contain 51.2 * 2.4 mole/1000
Number of moles of LiCl present in 51.2 mL solution = 0.123 moles
mass of solute is determinedUsing mass = number of moles * molar mass
molar mass of LiCl = 42.5 g
mass of LiCl = 0.123 * 42.5 g
mass of LiCl = 5.22 g of LiCl
Total mass of solution = mass of solute + mass of solventmass of solvent = solution mass - mass of solute
mass of solvent = 54.0 g - 5.22 g
mass of solvent = 48.78
5.21 g LiCl + solvent mass = 54 g
Therefore, the mass of solute is 5.22 g and the mass of solvent is 48.78 g
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Consider the function represented by the equation 6q = 3s - 9. Write the equation in function notation, where q is the independent variable. f of q = one-half q minus three-halves f(q) = 2s + 3 f of s = one-half s minus three-halves f(q) = 2q + 3
Answer:
The equation in function notation is:
= [tex]f(q)=\frac{1}{2}s-\frac{3}{2}[/tex]
Explanation:
Given equation:
[tex]6q = 3s-9[/tex]
Where q is the independent variable.
To write the equation in function notation we will do the following:
Step 1 : divide 6 on both sides:
[tex]\frac{6q}{6}=\frac{3s-9}{6}[/tex]
[tex]q=\frac{1}{2}s-\frac{3}{2}[/tex]
The function notation will become:
[tex]f(q)=\frac{1}{2}s-\frac{3}{2}[/tex]
Answer:
D. f(q)=2q+3
Explanation:
The answer should be D. f(q)=2q+3
If you need a explannation, comments below and I will edit the explannation
Hypocalcemia could be caused by the ______. Hypocalcemia could be caused by the ______. apoptosis of parathyroid cells failure of osteoclasts to respond to PTH (parathyroid hormone/parathormone) malfunction of the parathormone receptors in kidney tubule cells All of the listed responses are correct
Answer:Deficiency of vitamin D or Magnesium
Explanation:
Hypocalcemia is a condition where the calcium in body fluid such as plasma or blood is lower than the critical level. And this can be caused by a deficiency of vitamin D
Hypocalcemia could be caused by the apoptosis of parathyroid cells, failure of osteoclasts to respond to PTH and malfunction of the parathyroid hormone receptors in kidney tubule cells. Therefore, option D is correct.
The parathyroid glands produce parathyroid hormone (PTH), which plays a crucial role in regulating calcium levels.
Osteoclasts are cells responsible for breaking down bone tissue and releasing calcium into the bloodstream under the influence of PTH.
The kidneys play a crucial role in regulating calcium levels by reabsorbing or excreting calcium in response to PTH.
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The rate constant for a certain reaction is k = 5.40×10−3 s−1 . If the initial reactant concentration was 0.100 M, what will the concentration be after 17.0 minutes?
Final answer:
The concentration after 17.0 minutes will be approximately 0.067 M.
Explanation:
The rate constant for a reaction is a constant that relates the rate of the reaction to the concentration of the reactants. The rate law for a reaction is given by the equation: rate = k[A]^[x][B]^[y], where k is the rate constant, [A] and [B] are the concentrations of the reactants, and x and y are the reaction orders concerning A and B, respectively.
In this case, since the rate constant (k) is given as 5.40 × 10^(-3) s^(-1) and the initial reactant concentration is 0.100 M, we can use the integrated rate law for a first-order reaction to find the concentration after a certain time:
[A] = [A]_0 * e^(-kt)
Substituting the given values, we have:
[A] = (0.100 M) * e^(-5.40 × 10^(-3) s^(-1) * (17.0 * 60 s))
Simplifying this equation gives:
[A] ≈ 0.067 M
The concentration of the reactant after 17.0 minutes is approximately 0.000405 M.
This was determined using the formula for a first-order reaction. Initial concentration, rate constant, and time were given and plugged into the formula for accuracy.
To solve this problem, we need to use the formula for a first-order reaction:
[A] = [A]0 e-kt
Where:
[A] is the concentration of the reactant at time t[A]0 is the initial concentration of the reactantk is the rate constantt is the timeGiven:
[A]0 = 0.100 M, k = 5.40×10⁻³ s⁻¹, t = 17.0 minutes = 1020 secondsPlug these values into the formula:
[A] = 0.100 M * e-(5.40×10⁻³ s⁻¹ * 1020 s)Simplify the exponent:
[A] = 0.100 M * e-5.508Using a calculator to find e-5.508:
[A] ≈ 0.100 M * 0.00405 ≈ 0.000405 MThe concentration of the reactant after 17.0 minutes is approximately 0.000405 M.
An aqueous KNO3 solution is made using 76.6 g of KNO3 diluted to a total solution volume of 1.84 L. (Assume a density of 1.05 g/mL for the solution.) You may want to reference (Pages 552 - 557) Section 13.5 while completing this problem. Part A Calculate the molarity of the solution.
Final answer:
The molarity of the KNO3 solution is calculated by first finding the molar mass of KNO3, then determining the number of moles of KNO3 dissolved, and finally dividing the moles by the volume of the solution in liters, resulting in a molarity of 0.4118 M.
Explanation:
To calculate the molarity of a KNO3 solution made by dissolving 76.6 g of KNO3 in a total solution volume of 1.84 L, follow these steps:
Find the molar mass of KNO3. Potassium (K) = 39.1 g/mol, Nitrogen (N) = 14.0 g/mol, and Oxygen (O) = 16.0 g/mol × 3 = 48.0 g/mol. So, the molar mass of KNO3 is 39.1 g/mol + 14.0 g/mol + 48.0 g/mol = 101.1 g/mol.Calculate the number of moles of KNO3:Therefore, the molarity of the KNO3 solution is 0.4118 M.
calculate the solubility of oxygen in water at 25C when the total external pressure is 1 at and the mole fractionof oxygen in the air is 0.2
The given question is incomplete. The complete question is as follows.
The value of Henry's law constant [tex]k_{H}[/tex] for oxygen in water at [tex]25^{o}C[/tex] is [tex]1.66 \times 10^{-6}[/tex] M/torr.
Calculate the solubility of oxygen in water at [tex]25^{o}C[/tex] when the total external pressure is 1 atm and the mole fraction of oxygen in the air is 0.20 atm.
Explanation:
Formula to calculate partial pressure of a gas is as follows.
Partial pressure of oxygen = mole fraction of oxygen x total pressure
Putting the given values into the above equation as follows.
= [tex]0.20 \times 760[/tex] = 152 torr
Therefore, solubilty (concentration) of oxygen in water will be calculated as follows.
Solubility = Henry's law constant x partial pressure of oxygen
= [tex]1.66 \times 10^{-6} M/torr \times 152 torr[/tex]
= [tex]2.52 \times 10^{-4}[/tex] M
Thus, we can conclude that solubility of given oxygen is [tex]2.52 \times 10^{-4}[/tex] M.
The solubility of oxygen in water at 25°C, when the total external pressure is 1 atm and the mole fraction of oxygen in the air is 0.2, is approximately [tex]\( 0.000260 \, \text{mol/L} \)[/tex].
The solubility of oxygen in water at 25°C, when the total external pressure is 1 atm and the mole fraction of oxygen in the air is 0.2, can be calculated using Henry's Law. Henry's Law states that the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid. The relationship can be expressed as:
[tex]\[ C = k \cdot p \][/tex]
where:
- C is the concentration of the gas in the liquid (solubility of oxygen in water, in this case),
- k is the Henry's Law constant for oxygen in water at the given temperature,
- p is the partial pressure of oxygen above the liquid.
Given that the total external pressure is 1 atm and the mole fraction of oxygen is 0.2, the partial pressure of oxygen [tex](\( p_{O_2} \))[/tex] can be calculated as:
[tex]\[ p_{O_2} = \text{total pressure} \times \text{mole fraction of oxygen} \] \[ p_{O_2} = 1 \, \text{atm} \times 0.2 \] \[ p_{O_2} = 0.2 \, \text{atm} \][/tex]
The Henry's Law constant for oxygen in water at 25°C [tex](\( k_{O_2} \)) is approximately \( 769.23 \, \text{L} \cdot \text{atm/mol} \).[/tex]
Now, we can calculate the solubility of oxygen in water:
[tex]\[ C_{O_2} = k_{O_2} \cdot p_{O_2} \]\[ C_{O_2} = 769.23 \, \text{L} \cdot \text{atm/mol} \times 0.2 \, \text{atm} \] \[ C_{O_2} = 153.846 \, \text{L} \cdot \text{atm/mol} \][/tex]
To express the solubility in terms of molarity (mol/L), we divide the partial pressure by the Henry's Law constant:
[tex]\[ C_{O_2} = \frac{p_{O_2}}{k_{O_2}} \]\[ C_{O_2} = \frac{0.2 \, \text{atm}}{769.23 \, \text{L} \cdot \text{atm/mol}} \]\[ C_{O_2} \approx 0.000260 \, \text{mol/L} \][/tex]
The answer is: [tex]0.000260 \, \text{mol/L}.[/tex]
Acetylene gas C2H2 undergoes combustion to form carbon dioxide and water when it is used in the oxyacetylene torch for welding. Balance the reaction and answer the following questions.
C2H2(g)+O2(g) ---> CO2(g)+H2O(g)
a. How many grams of water can form if 113g of acetylene is burned?
b. How many grams of acetylene react if 1.10 mol of CO2 are produced?
PLEASE SHOW YOUR WORK!
By following the stoichiometry of the balanced chemical equation for combustion of acetylene, it is calculated that 113 g of acetylene will produce 78.20 g of water, and 14.32 g of acetylene are required to produce 1.10 mol of CO₂.
Combustion of Acetylene
The balanced chemical equation for the combustion of acetylene (C2H2) is:
2C₂H₂(g) + 5O₂(g)⇒ 4CO₂(g) + 2H₂O(g)
Part A: Grams of Water Formed
Step 1: Calculate the moles of C2H2 using its molar mass (26.04 g/mol).
Moles ofC₂H₂ = 113 g / 26.04 g/mol = 4.34 mol
Step 2: From the balanced equation, 1 mol of C2H2 produces 1 mol of H2O. Therefore, 4.34 mol of C2H2 will produce 4.34 mol of H2O.
Step 3: Convert moles of H2O to grams using its molar mass (18.02 g/mol).
Grams of H2O = 4.34 mol x 18.02 g/mol = 78.20 g
113 g ofC₂H₂ will produce 78.20 g of water.
Part B: Grams of Acetylene Reacted
Step 1: From the balanced equation, 2 mol of C₂H₂ produce 4 mol of CO₂. So, 1 mol ofCO₂ is produced by 0.5 mol of C₂H₂.
Step 2: Calculate the moles of C₂H₂ needed to produce 1.10 mol ofCO₂.
Moles of C₂H₂ = 1.10 molCO₂ x 0.5 mol C₂H₂/mol CO₂ = 0.55 mol C₂H₂
Step 3: Convert moles of C₂H₂ to grams using its molar mass (26.04 g/mol).
Grams of C₂H₂ = 0.55 mol x 26.04 g/mol = 14.32 g
14.32 g of C₂H₂ react to produce 1.10 mol of CO₂.
Select the steps that are associated with energy entering the system. Check all that apply. View Available Hint(s) Check all that apply.
1. the separation of solvent molecules
2. the separation of solute molecules
3. the mixing of solute and solvent molecules
The steps associated with energy entering the system during the dissolution process involve the endothermic separation of solvent molecules and the separation of solute molecules, which require energy to overcome intermolecular forces.
Explanation:The steps associated with energy entering the system during the dissolution process are:
the separation of solvent moleculesthe separation of solute moleculesBoth the separation of solvent molecules (step 1) and the separation of solute molecules (step 2) are endothermic processes that require energy input. These processes involve overcoming the intermolecular attractive forces holding the respective particles together. Conversely, the mixing of solute and solvent molecules (step 3) is an exothermic process where energy is released, thus not associated with energy entering the system.
Whether the dissolution process is overall exothermic or endothermic depends on the relative magnitudes of the energy changes during these steps. For example, if the energy released during solvation is greater than the energy required for separating solute and solvent molecules, the overall process is exothermic. Conversely, if more energy is consumed in overcoming the solute-solute and solvent-solvent attractive forces than is released during solvation, the overall process is endothermic.
The empirical formula of styrene is CH; the molar mass of styrene is 104.14 g/mol. How many H atoms are present in a 7.80 g sample of styrene?
Answer:
In 7.80 g of styrene, we have 3.60×10²³ atoms of H
Explanation:
Empirical formula of styrene is CH
Molecular formula of styrene is C₈H₈
So, 1 mol of styrene has 8 moles of C and 8 moles of H and 1 mol weighs 104.14 grams. Let's make a rule of three:
104.14 g (1 mol of C₈H₈) have 8 moles of H
Then 7.80 g would have ( 7.80 .8) / 104.14 = 0.599 moles
As we know, 1 mol of anything has NA particles (Avogadro's Number, 6.02×10²³), so 0.599 moles will have (mol . NA) particles
0.599 mol . 6.02×10²³ atoms / 1 mol = 3.60×10²³ atoms
How many grams of CO₂ will be produced from 7.00 g of C₃H₈ and 98.0 g of O₂?
Answer:
The answer to your question is 21 g of CO₂
Explanation:
Balanced Reaction
C₃H₈ + 6O₂ ⇒ 3CO₂ + 4H₂O
Data
mass of C₃H₈ = 7 g
mass of O₂ = 98 g
Determine the limiting reactant
Molecular mass of C₃H₈ = (12 x3) + (1 x 8) = 36 + 8 = 44 g
Molecular mass of Oxygen = 16 x 12 = 192 g
Theoretical proportion C₃H₈ / O₂ = 44 / 192 = 0.23
Experimental proportion C₃H₈ / O₂ = 7 / 98 = 0.07
As the proportion diminishes in the experiment, the excess reagent is the oxygen and the limiting reactant is propane.
- Calculate the mass of CO₂
44 g of C₃H₈ ---------------- 3(44) of CO₂
7 g of C₃H₈ --------------- x
x = (7 x 3(44)) / 44
x = 924 / 44
x = 21 g of CO₂
Iron has a density of 7.86 g/cm^3. Calculate the volume of a piece of iron having a mass of 3.99 kg.
Answer:
508 cm^3
Explanation:
3.99 kg * (1000 g)/(1 kg) = 3990 g
density = mass/volume
density * volume = mass
volume = mass/density
volume = (3990 g)/(7.86 g/cm^3)
volume = 508 cm^3
Check all that apply.
CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
-4 for C in CH4
+4 for C in CO2
-2 for O in all substances
+1 for H in both CH4 and H2O
+4 for O in H2O
Answer:
4 for C in CH4
+4 for C in CO2
-2 for O in all substances
+1 for H in both CH4 and H2O
option 1,2,3 and 4 are correct. Option 5 is not correct
Explanation:
Step 1: Data given
Oxidation number of H = +1
Oxidation number of O = -2
Step 2: The balanced equation
CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
Step 3: The oxidation numbers
-4 for C in CH4
⇒ Oxidation number of H = +1
⇒ 4x +1 = +4
C has an oxidation number of -4
This is correct.
+4 for C in CO2
⇒ Oxidation number of O = -2
⇒ 2x -2 = -4
C has an oxidation number of +4
This is correct.
-2 for O in all substances
⇒ this is correct, the oxidation number of O is always -2 (except in H2O2 and Na2O2)
This is correct.
+1 for H in both CH4 and H2O
⇒ this is correct, the oxidation number of H is always +1 (except in metal hydrides).
This is correct.
+4 for O in H2O
⇒ Oxidation number of H = +1
⇒ 2x +1 = +2
The oxidation number of O is -2
This is not correct
Final answer:
The correct statements regarding oxidation states in the methane combustion reaction are 4 for C in CH4
+4 for C in CO2
-2 for O in all substances
+1 for H in both CH4 and H2O
Explanation:
The student's question relates to the oxidation states of elements in a chemical reaction, specifically in the combustion of methane represented by the equation CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O. Let's evaluate the statements:
Step 1: Data given
Oxidation number of H = +1
Oxidation number of O = -2
Step 2: The balanced equation
CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
Step 3: The oxidation numbers
-4 for C in CH4
⇒ Oxidation number of H = +1
⇒ 4x +1 = +4
C has an oxidation number of -4
This is correct.
+4 for C in CO2
⇒ Oxidation number of O = -2
⇒ 2x -2 = -4
C has an oxidation number of +4
This is correct.
-2 for O in all substances
⇒ this is correct, the oxidation number of O is always -2 (except in H2O2 and Na2O2)
This is correct.
+1 for H in both CH4 and H2O
⇒ this is correct, the oxidation number of H is always +1 (except in metal hydrides).
This is correct.
+4 for O in H2O
⇒ Oxidation number of H = +1
⇒ 2x +1 = +2
The oxidation number of O is -2
This is not correct
Part A What are plate boundaries at which lithospheric plates that a) move toward each other, b) move past each other, and c) move away from each other called
Answer:
a. Convergent boundary
b. Transform boundary
c. Divergent boundary
Explanation:
Convergent boundary are boundary where tectonic plates collide with each other. This kind of boundary might involve a collision between continental and oceanic plates, continental and continental plates and oceanic and oceanic plates. Generally, convergent boundary are regions for mountainous structures . Example of mountain formed through convergence are mountain Everest and Himalayas .
Transform boundary are boundary where tectonic plates move past each other . This kind of boundary is responsible for the creation of Extensive Fault like the San Andrea Fault.
Divergent boundary are boundary where tectonic plates move away from each other. The diverging movements brings about oceanic ridges. The mid oceanic ridges is where magma rises to the surface to form a new crust. The up welling of this magma causes further separation of this plates.
The picture above illustrate convergent, divergent and transform boundary.
In plate tectonics, boundaries are categorized based on the relative movement of the lithospheric plates. Convergent boundaries occur when plates move toward each other, transform boundaries occur when plates slide past each other, and divergent boundaries occur when plates move away from each other.
Explanation:In plate tectonics, the boundaries between different lithospheric plates are categorized based on their movement relative to each other.
a) Boundaries where plates move toward each other are known as convergent boundaries. At these boundaries, often one plate is forced under the other and is destroyed in the mantle in a process known as subduction. Examples include the boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate.
b) Boundaries where plates slide past each other are called transform boundaries. These usually cause earthquakes as the plates scrape against each other, the San Andreas Fault in California is a well-known example.
c) Boundaries where plates move away from each other are referred to as divergent boundaries. Here new crust is formed as magma wells up from the mantle, such as at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
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Winston predicts that certain people will be vaporized and that certain people will never be vaporized. Who? Why?
Answer:
Hi
One of the most famous works George Orwell shows us in 1984 a society that is controlled by the Superstate, in such a way that the inhabitants cannot do or say anything without The Big Brother finding out. If anyone tries to oppose this system, it is vaporized and in less than three days society forgets that there was a person who conspired or worse, that existed.
The detentions happened at night. He woke up startled because one hand shook one shoulder, a flashlight focused on him and a circle of grim faces appeared around the bed. In most cases there was no process. People disappeared and always during the night. The name of the individual in question disappeared from all the records, any reference to what he had done was erased from everywhere and his passage through life was completely annulled as if he had never existed.
Explanation:
Atoms of iron (Fe) form metallic bonds with other iron atoms. How are the valence electrons of these atoms rearranged to form the bonds?
Question: Atoms of iron (Fe) form metallic bonds with other iron atoms. How are the valence electrons of these atoms rearranged to form the bonds?
A) a few valence electrons are shared between the atoms.
B) many valence electrons are shared between the atoms.
C) electrons are transferred from the iron atoms to atoms in the air.
D) electrons are transferred to the iron atoms from atoms in the air
Answer:
"Many valence electrons are shared between the atoms"
Explanation:
Chemical bonds can be broadly classified into 3 categories:
1) Ionic bond
2) Covalent Bond
3) Metallic bond
Metallic bonds are formed due to the attraction among the mobile valence electrons of the metal atom and its positively charged nucleus. In a piece of iron, the metallic bonds among Fe atoms will spread over the whole molecular assembly due to the de- localization of the valence electrons.
These de-localized electrons are the valence electrons of metal atoms which are shared between them.
Hence, the correct answer from the given options is option B.
Answer: B) many valence electrons are shared between the atoms.
Explanation:
A sample of carbon dioxide(CO2) has a mass of 52.0g. What is the mass in grams of one molecule of CO2? SHOW WORK AND EXPLAIN
Answer:
52.0 gof CO2 contains 7.1 *10^23 molecules
1 molecule of CO2 has a mass of 7.3*10^-23 grams
Explanation:
Step 1: Data given
Mass of CO2 = 52.0 grams
Molar mass of CO2 = 44.01 g/mol
Number of Avogadro = 6.022 * 10^23 / mol
Step 2: Calculate moles of CO2
Moles CO2 = Mass CO2 / molar mass CO2
Moles CO2 = 52.0 grams / 44.01 g/mol
Moles CO2 = 1.18 moles
Step 3: Calculate molecules in 1.18 moles CO2
Number of molecules = 1.18 moles * 6.022*10^23 = 7.1 *10^23 molecules
1 molecule of CO2
Number of moles = 1 / 6.022*10^23
Number of moles = 1.66 *10^-24
Mass CO2 = 1.66*10^-24 moles * 44.01 g/mol
Mass CO2 = 7.3*10^-23 grams
To calculate the mass in grams of one molecule of CO₂, we divide the molar mass of CO₂ (44.01 g/mol) by Avogadro's number (6.022 × 10²³ molecules/mol), resulting in a mass of approximately 7.31 × 10⁻²³ g for one molecule.
Explanation:To find the mass in grams of one molecule of CO₂, we use the molar mass of carbon dioxide and Avogadro's number. The molar mass of CO₂ is 44.01 g/mol, which means 1 mole (6.022 × 10²³ molecules) of CO₂ has a mass of 44.01 grams. To find the mass of one molecule, divide the molar mass by Avogadro's number:
Molar mass of CO₂ = 44.01 g/mol
Mass of one CO₂ molecule = Molar mass / Avogadro's number
Mass of one CO₂ molecule = 44.01 g/mol ÷ 6.022 × 10²³ molecules/mol
Mass of one CO₂ molecule ≈ 7.31 × 10⁻²³ g
To express this mass in terms of a single molecule of CO₂, we describe it as an extremely small mass because it represents a miniscule fraction of the mass of a mole of CO₂.
4.19-g sample of nitrous oxide (an anesthetic, sometimes called laughing gas) contains 5.73 × 1022 N2O molecules. How many nitrogen atoms?
Answer:
We have 1.15 *10^23 nitrogen atoms
Explanation:
Step 1: Data given
Mass of N2O = 4.19 grams
Number of N2O molecules = 5.73 *10^22 molecules
Molar mass = 44.01 g/mol
Step 2: Calculate moles N2O
Moles N2O = mass N2O / molar mass N2O
Moles N2O = 4.19 grams / 44.01 g/mol
Moles N2O = 0.0952 moles
Step 3: Calculate moles nitrogen
For each mol N2O we have 2 moles of Nitrogen
For 0.0952 moles N2O we have 2*0.0952 = 0.1904 moles nitrogen
Step 4: Calculate atoms nitrogen
Number of nitrogen atoms = moles * number of Avogadro
Number of nitrogen atoms = 0.1904 moles * 6.022*10^23
Number of nitrogen atoms = 1.15 *10^23 atoms
We have 1.15 *10^23 nitrogen atoms
For every molecule of Nitrous Oxide, there are two nitrogen atoms. Multiplying the given number of N2O molecules (5.73 x 10^22) by two gives us the total number of nitrogen atoms in the sample, which is approximately 1.146 × 10^23 nitrogen atoms.
Explanation:To calculate the number of nitrogen atoms in a sample of nitrous oxide (N2O), we must first understand the molecular structure of N2O. This molecule consists of two nitrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom. Thus, for every one molecule of N2O, there are two nitrogen atoms.
The question stated that the sample contained 5.73 × 1022 N2O molecules. By multiplying this number by two (for the two nitrogen atoms per molecule), the total number of nitrogen atoms in the sample can be calculated.
Therefore, 5.73 × 1022 N2O molecules * 2 N atoms per molecule = 1.146 × 1023 nitrogen atoms.
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is first order in NO2 and first order in F2. If the concentration of NO2 was increased by half and the concentration of F2 was increased by four, by what factor would the reaction rate increase?
The reaction rate increases by a factor of 6 when the concentration of NO2 is increased by half and the concentration of F2 is increased by four. This is because the reaction is first order with respect to both reactants, meaning the rate is directly proportional to their concentrations.
Explanation:The chemical reaction is first order in NO2 and first order in F2, meaning the rate of the reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of these two reactants. If the concentration of NO2 is increased by a factor of 1.5 (or by half), the reaction rate also increases by a factor of 1.5. Likewise, if the concentration of F2 is increased by a factor of 4, the reaction rate also increases by a factor of 4. Therefore, with both these changes, the overall reaction rate would increase by a factor of 1.5 * 4 = 6.
In general, for a reaction that is first order in respect to a certain reactant, doubling the concentration of that reactant would double the rate of the reaction. Therefore, in this case, increasing the concentration of NO2 by half increases the rate by the same factor (1.5), and increasing the concentration of F2 by 4 increases the rate by the same factor (4).
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Final answer:
For a reaction that is first order in both NO₂ and F₂, increasing NO₂ concentration by half and F₂ concentration by four would result in a sixfold increase in the reaction rate.
Explanation:
The reaction being described is first order in NO₂ and first order in F₂. The rate of the reaction would increase in proportion to the changes in concentrations of both reactants, since it is first order with respect to each one. If the concentration of NO₂ was increased by half (a factor of 1.5) and the concentration of F₂ was increased by four (a factor of 4), the overall increase in rate would be calculated by multiplying the individual rate increases due to each reactant. This would give us an overall rate increase by a factor of 1.5 (due to NO₂) × 4 (due to F₂) = 6.
Identify the example of a homogeneous mixture. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. Answer choices a cup of sugar (sucrose) a glass of soda with ice cubes a round of pizza dough a bowl of party snack mix?
A homogeneous mixture, also known as a solution, is a combination of substances that is uniform throughout. In the given options, the glass of soda is an example of a homogeneous mixture due to its uniform composition, which differs from a heterogeneous mixture where the composition can vary.
In order to identify a homogeneous mixture, we need to understand what it is. A homogeneous mixture is also known as a solution and it's a combination of substances with a composition that is uniform throughout. Each sample of a homogeneous mixture will show the same proportions of its components. This differs from a heterogeneous mixture, where the composition can vary from point to point. Examples of these would be cookies or salad dressing where the individual components can be visibly distinguished. From the list you provided, the glass of soda represents a homogeneous mixture. This is due to its uniform composition, you cannot tell the difference between one part of the soda from the others because the solute (usually a syrup) is completely dissolved in the solvent (carbonated water). Therefore, every part of the soda sample is identical in properties and composition.
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What effect do you think other halogen elements have on human health?
(I WILL GIVE YOU BRAINLIEST)
Answer:
Explanation:
The elements of group 17 are called halogens. These are six elements Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine, Astatine. Halogens are very reactive these elements can not be found free in nature. Their chemical properties are resemble greatly with each other.
Fluorine:
it is flammable gas.
It has pungent smell.
its reactions with all other elements are very vigorous except neon, oxygen, krypton and helium.
It has adverse effect on human health. It is absorbed and lead to teeth decay.
It effects the nerves, kidney and muscles.
It causes osteoporosis.
Chlorine:
it is greenish-yellow irritating gas.
it is disinfectant and can kill the bacteria.
it is also used in manufacturing of paper, paints and textile industries.
It also have some adverse effect on human health such as it can effect the respiratory system, immune system and heart.
Bromine:
it is present in reddish brown color.
it has pungent odor.
it is very corrosive for human tissues.
Its vapors create irritation in throat and eyes.
In organic form it causes our lungs, gastrointestinal track and stomach.
Iodine:
It is very corrosive and has pungent odor.
It is used for thyroid treatment but large exposure to its radiations cause the tissue damage.
Calculate the volume in liters of a ×7.7310−5/mmolL silver(II) oxide solution that contains 475.μmol of silver(II) oxide AgO . Round your answer to
3 significant digits.
Answer: Thus volume in liters is [tex]6.14\times 10^3L[/tex]
Explanation:
Molarity is defined as the number of moles of solute dissolved per liter of the solution.
To calculate the number of moles for given molarity, we use the equation:
[tex]\text{Molarity of the solution}=\frac{\text{Moles of silver oxide}}{\text{Volume of solution in L}}[/tex] .....(1)
Molarity of silver oxide solution = [tex]7.73\times 10^{-5}mmol/L=7.73\times 10^{-2}\mu mol/L[/tex] [tex]1mmol=1000\mu mol[/tex]
Moles of silver oxide = [tex]475\mu mol[/tex]
Volume of solution in L = ?
Putting values in equation 1, we get:
[tex]7.73\times 10^{-2}\mu mol\L=\frac{475\mu mol}{\text{Volume of solution in L}}\\\\\{\text{Volume of solution in L}}=\frac{475\mu mol}{7.73\times 10^{-2}\mu mol\L}=6.14\times 10^3L[/tex]
Thus volume in liters is [tex]6.14\times 10^{3}L[/tex]
A ____________--(also called a reductant or reducer) is an element or compound that loses (or "donates") an electron to an electron recipient (oxidizing agent) in a redox chemical reaction.
A reducing agent is thus oxidized when it loses electrons in the redox reaction. Reducing agents "reduce" (or, are "oxidized" by) oxidizing agents. Oxidizers "oxidize" (that is, are reduced by) reducers.
Answer:
A reducing agent is an element or compound that loses (or "donates") an electron to an electron recipient (oxidizing agent) in a redox chemical reaction.
Explanation:
Redox reaction is defined as the reaction in which oxidation and reduction reaction occur simultaneously.
Oxidation reaction is defined as the chemical reaction in which an atom looses its electrons. The oxidation number of the atom gets increased during this reaction.
[tex]X\rightarrow X^{n+}+ne^-[/tex]
Reduction reaction is defined as the chemical reaction in which an atom gains electrons. The oxidation number of the atom gets reduced during this reaction.
[tex]X^{n+}+ne^-\rightarrow X[/tex]
Electrons are transferred from one atom to another in this type of reaction.
Reducing agent is defined as those substance which reduces other chemical compound and oxidizes itself by donating electrons.
Oxidizing agent is defined as those substance which oxidizes other chemical compound and reduces itself by accepting electrons.
Answer:
A reducing agent
Explanation:
A reducing agent--(also called a reductant or reducer) is an element or compound that loses (or "donates") an electron to an electron recipient (oxidizing agent) in a redox chemical reaction.
A reducing agent thus oxides( loses an electron) itself to electron acceptor. This mean that oxidation and reduction occur in pair. One element is oxidized and the other is reduced.
How many ounces of a 10 % alcohol solution must be mixed with 18 ounces of a 15 % alcohol solution to make a 12 % alcohol solution?
Answer:
27oz
Explanation:
Let the volume quantity of the 10% solution = x
The volume quantity of the 15% alcohol solution is known as = 18oz
Therefore the volume of the 12% product = 18oz + x
Therefore
0.10 × x + 0.15 × 18oz = 0.12 × (18oz+x)
0.15×18oz - 0.12×18oz = 0.12×x - 0.10×x
.
0.03*18oz = 0.02x
Dividing both sides by 0.02
x = 27oz
Verifying the answer, we have
0.1 × 27 + 18 × 0.15 = 0.12 × 45
2.7 + 2.7 = 5.4
In a given diffusion apparatus, 15.0mL of HBr gas diffused in 1.0 min. In the same apparatus and under the same conditions, 20.3 mL of an unknown gas diffused in 1.0 min. The unknown gas is a hydrocarbon. Find it's molecular formula.
The student can use Graham's Law of diffusion to find the molar mass of the unknown hydrocarbon gas. They can then identify plausible molecular formulas that correspond to this molar mass to determine the unknown hydrocarbon gas. The rate of diffusion for the known and unknown gases in the apparatus serves as the initial data for this determination.
Explanation:The question is about finding the molecular formula of an unknown hydrocarbon gas based on its rate of diffusion compared to HBr gas in a given diffusion apparatus. In general, the lighter a gas molecule, the faster it diffuses, and this rate of diffusion can be related to its molecular mass by Graham's Law of diffusion. This law illustrates that the rate of diffusion or effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass.
According to the information given, we can use the formula derived from Graham's law: r1/r2 = sqrt(M2/M1), where r1 and r2 are the rates of diffusion of the two gases, and M1 and M2 are their respective molar masses.
Here, HBr (Hydrobromic acid) gas diffused at a rate of 15.0 mL/min and its molar mass is about 81 g/mol. The unknown gas diffused at a rate of 20.3 mL/min. Plugging these values into the formula, we can solve for the molar mass of the unknown gas. After finding the molar mass, we can then determine plausible hydrocarbon molecular formulas that correspond to this molar mass, thus identifying the unknown hydrocarbon gas.
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