The last step is to calculate the percent by mass of each element in ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3). The masses of the elements in one mole of the compound are: mass N = 28.0 g mass H = 4.0 g mass O = 48.0 g The molar mass of the compound is 80.0 g/mol. What is the mass of one mole of the compound? 80.0g
Answer: 80 g
Explanation:Molar mass of the compound is the mass of 1 mole of compound which is the sum of masses of each element.
Mass of 1 mole of compound=mass of nitrogen + mass of hydrogen+ mass of oxygen= 28+4+48 = 80 g.
Percentage by mass of nitrogen=[tex]\frac{\text {mass of nitrogen}}{\text {Total mass}}\times 100\ %[/tex]
Percentage by mass of nitrogen=[tex]\frac{28}{80}\times 100\%=35\%[/tex]
Percentage by mass of hydrogen=[tex]\frac{\text {mass of hydrogen}}{\text {Total mass}}\times 100\%[/tex]
Percentage by mass of hydrogen=[tex]\frac{4}{80}\times 100\%=5\%[/tex]
Percentage by mass of oxygen=[tex]\frac{\text {mass of oxygen}}{\text {Total mass}}\times 100\%[/tex]
Percentage by mass of oxygen=[tex]\frac{48}{80}\times 100\%=60\%[/tex]
What is the charge of a hypothetical ion with 85 protons and 87 electrons?
What information does DNA provide to each of the cells organelles?
A. Instructions for each specific function
B. How to use light in energy to make glucose
C. How to make proteins from RNA
D. How to process glucose to ATP
Answer:
The most correct would be option A.
Explanation:
More correct would be to say that DNA contains, among other things, the information needed to make proteins, which have various functions within cells and organelles.
The specific heat of aluminum is 0.215 ???????????? ????????????−℉ . what is the specific heat of aluminum in ???????????? ????????????−°???? , ???? ????????−℃ , and ???? ????????−????
What is the pH of a 0.025 M [OH] solution?
which compound has the highest melting point
Which wave corresponds to the higher-energy radiation? which wave corresponds to the higher-energy radiation? wave (b) has the higher energy. wave (a) has the higher energy?
In what way would readings from a digital thermometer be preferable to those from a liquid-based thermometer?
Digital thermometer readings are easier to use when performing calculations.
What are the five elements named after countries?
What volume of concentrated hcl (12.1m) is necessary to make a 0.250m hcl solution in a 5l volume?
Approximately 103.14 mL of concentrated HCl is necessary to make a 0.250 M HCl solution in a 5 L volume.
To determine the volume of concentrated HCl required to make a 0.250 M HCl solution in a 5 L volume, we can use the dilution formula:
[tex]\[ C_1V_1 = C_2V_2 \][/tex]
First, we need to ensure that all volumes are in the same unit, so we convert 5 L to milliliters:
[tex]\[ 5 \text{ L} \times 1000 \text{ mL/L} = 5000 \text{ mL} \][/tex]
Now we can plug the values into the dilution formula:
[tex]\[ (12.1 \text{ M})(V_1) = (0.250 \text{ M})(5000 \text{ mL}) \][/tex]
Solving for [tex]\( V_1 \):[/tex]
[tex]\[ V_1 = \frac{(0.250 \text{ M})(5000 \text{ mL})}{12.1 \text{ M}} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ V_1 = \frac{1250}{12.1} \text{ mL} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ V_1 \approx 103.14 \text{ mL} \][/tex]
How many c atoms are in 2 mol of sucrose?
Final answer:
There are 24 carbon atoms in 2 moles of sucrose, as the molecular formula C12H22O11 for sucrose indicates there are 12 carbon atoms per molecule.
Explanation:
The student has asked how many carbon atoms are in 2 mol of sucrose. Sucrose has the molecular formula C12H22O11, which means there are 12 carbon atoms in a single molecule of sucrose. To find the total number of carbon atoms in 2 moles of sucrose, we multiply the number of moles by the number of carbon atoms per molecule of sucrose:
2 mol sucrose × 12 C atoms/mol sucrose = 24 C atoms.
Thus, there are 24 carbon atoms in 2 moles of sucrose.
Find and report the reduction potentials of lithium, sodium, and potassium.
The electrode potential values of [tex]{\text{L}}{{\text{i}}^ + }[/tex], [tex]{\text{N}}{{\text{a}}^ + }[/tex] and [tex]{{\text{K}}^ + }[/tex] are [tex]\boxed{ - 3.045{\text{ V}}}[/tex], [tex]\boxed{ - {\text{2}}{\text{.714 V}}}[/tex] and [tex]\boxed{ - {\text{2}}{\text{.925 V}}}[/tex] respectively.
Further explanation:
Electrochemical cells are the devices that are used to generate an electric current from the energy released by the spontaneous redox reaction. Redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons between the chemical species by oxidation and reduction process. The oxidation process represents the loss of electrons and reduction process represents the gain of electrons.
In order to determine the standard reduction potential, the electrode is coupled with standard hydrogen electrode as illustrated in the attached image. The SHE acts as anode and the metal electrode acts as the cathode. The value of reduction potential for hydrogen has been assigned as 0.00 V.
The formula to calculate cell potential [tex]\left( {{E_{{\text{cell}}}}} \right)[/tex] of the reaction when the reduction occurs as cathode and oxidation occur at anode is as follows:
[tex]{E_{{\text{cell}}}} = {E_{{\text{cathode}}}} - {E_{{\text{anode}}}}[/tex]
The expression of Nernst equation that relates the reduction potential of a half or full electrochemical cell reaction to the standard electrode potential is given as,
[tex]{E_{{\text{cell}}}} = E_{{\text{cell}}}^\circ - \dfrac{{2.303RT}}{{nF}}\log \dfrac{{\left[ P \right]}}{{\left[ R \right]}}[/tex] ……. (1)
Here,
[tex]{E_{{\text{cell}}}}[/tex] is cell potential.
[tex]E_{{\text{cell}}}^\circ[/tex] is standard cell potential.
[tex]R[/tex] is gas constant and is equal to [tex]8.314{\text{ J/K}} \cdot {\text{mol}}[/tex].
[tex]T[/tex] is temperature.
[tex]n[/tex] denotes the number of moles of electrons transferred in the reaction.
[tex]F[/tex] is Faraday constant and is equal to [tex]95484.56{\text{ C/mol}}[/tex].
[tex]\left[ P \right][/tex] is the concentration of product.
[tex]\left[ R \right][/tex] is the concentration of reactant.
At standard temperature [tex]25\;^\circ {\text{C}}\left( {298{\text{ K}}} \right)[/tex] the value of [tex]\dfrac{{2.303RT}}{F}[/tex] is equal to [tex]0.0592{\text{ V}}[/tex]. Thus the equation(1) is written as,
[tex]{E_{{\text{cell}}}} = E_{{\text{cell}}}^\circ - \dfrac{{0.0591}}{n}\log \dfrac{{\left[ P \right]}}{{\left[ R \right]}}[/tex] …… (2)
Knowing the concentration of the electrolyte solutions taken in the cathodic compartment and substituting the values in the Nernst equation gives the reduction potential for the half cell.
The electrode potential values of [tex]{\mathbf{L}}{{\mathbf{i}}^{\mathbf{ + }}}[/tex], [tex]{\mathbf{N}}{{\mathbf{a}}^{\mathbf{ + }}}[/tex] and [tex]{{\mathbf{K}}^{\mathbf{ + }}}[/tex] are [tex]{\mathbf{ - 3}}{\mathbf{.045 V}}[/tex], [tex]{\mathbf{ - 2}}{\mathbf{.714 V}}[/tex] and [tex]{\mathbf{ - 2}}{\mathbf{.925 V}}[/tex] respectively as determined with respect to standard hydrogen electrode at [tex]{\mathbf{298 K}}[/tex].
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Answer details:
Grade: Senior School
Subject: Chemistry
Chapter: Electrochemistry
Keywords: Electrochemical cells, Redox reactions, Oxidation, reduction, cell potential, half-cell, Nernst equation, Faraday constant.
Propane (C3 H8 (g), Hf = –103.8 kJ/mol) reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide (CO2 , Hf = –393.5 kJ/mol ) and water (H2 O, Hf = –241.82 kJ/mol) according to the equation below. What is the enthalpy of combustion (per mole) of C3 H8 (g)? Use . –2,044.0 kJ/mol –531.5 kJ/mol 531.5 kJ/mol 2,044.0 kJ/mol
Given:
Enthalpy of formation data
Hf(C3H8) = -103.8 KJ/Mol
Hf(CO2) = -393.5 kJ/mol
Hf (H2O) = -241.82 kJ/mol
To determine:
Enthalpy of combustion of C3H8
Explanation:
The combustion reaction is:
C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O
ΔHcombustion = ∑nHf(products) - ∑nHf(reactants)
ΔHc = [3(Hf CO2) + 4(Hf H2O)] - [Hf(C3H8) + 5Hf(O2)]
= [3(-393.5) + 4(-241.82)] -[-103.8 + 5(0)] = -2044 kJ/mol
Ans: (a) -2044 kJ/mol
Answer:
A) –2,044.0
Explanation
Its right on edge
Which of the following is true in regard to ions?
A. An ionized atom has a number of protons that is unequal to the number of electrons.
B. Losing one or more electrons will turn an atom into an anion.
C. Ions can only carry positive charges.
D. A cation will hold a positive charge if it gains one or more electrons.
Answer: The correct answer is Option A.
Explanation:
There are 3 subatomic particles present in an atom. They are: protons, electrons and neutrons.
Protons carry positive charge, electrons carry negative charge and neutrons does not carry any charge.
Any neutral atom has an equal number of protons and electrons. An ion is formed when atom looses or gain electron.
If an atom gains electrons, it will have more number of electrons than protons. Thus, it will carry negative charge and form an anion.If an atom looses electrons, it will have less number of electrons than protons. Thus, it will carry positive charge and forms a cation.Thus, an ionized atom will always have unequal number of protons and electrons.
Hence, the correct answer is Option A.
Among the given statements, the true statement regarding ion is option A. An ionized atom has a number of protons that is unequal to the number of electrons.
An ion is an atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons, which changes the overall charge of the atom or molecule.
Losing one or more electrons will turn an atom into a cation, which is a positively charged ion. An anion, on the other hand, is a negatively charged ion that is formed when an atom gains one or more electrons.Ions can carry both positive and negative charges, depending on whether they are cations or anions.Cations hold a positive charge when they lose one or more electrons, while anions hold a negative charge when they gain one or more electrons.Therefore, an ionized atom has a number of protons that is unequal to the number of electrons. Option A is the correct answer.
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A gas made up of atoms escapes through a pinhole 0.155 times as fast as h2 gas. write the chemical formula of the gas.
Using Graham's law and the given effusion rate, we can calculate the unknown gas's molar mass, which suggests the gas could be CH4 (methane).
Explanation:The question pertains to the concept of gas effusion and Graham's law, which relates the rates of effusion of gases to their molar masses. Given that a gas escapes through a pinhole 0.155 times as fast as hydrogen gas (H2), and using the fact that hydrogen gas effuses four times as rapidly as oxygen gas (O2), one can use Graham's law to determine the molar mass of the unknown gas. Graham's law states that the rate of effusion of a gas (rate A) is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass (molar mass A).
Graham's law formula: rate of effusion of gas A / rate of effusion of gas B = sqrt(molar mass of gas B / molar mass of gas A).
By knowing the rate of effusion of hydrogen and the fact that the unknown gas effuses at 0.155 times the rate of hydrogen, we can use the formula to calculate the molar mass of the unknown gas. Let's assume the molar mass of hydrogen (H2) is 2 g/mol. By substituting the values into the formula, we can solve for the molar mass of the unknown gas.
Calculation: 1^(2) / 0.155^(2) = 2 g/mol / x g/mol, where x is the molar mass of the unknown gas.
Solving for x gives us the estimated molar mass.
The final step is to look for a gas with a molar mass that closely matches our calculation. The gas could well be CH4 (methane), which has a molar mass of approximately 16 g/mol.
How many milliseconds are there in 3.5 seconds
Give the charge and full ground-state electron configuration of the monatomic ion most likely to be formed by the element. rb
a. rb+: 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s2
b. rb+: 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s1
c. rb+: 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p5
d. rb+: 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p6
e. none of these
Actually Rb or Rubidium in zero state has the following electron configuration:
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p65s1
However we can see that the ion has a 1 positive charge, which means that it lacks 1 electron, therefore the answer from the choices is:
d. rb+: 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p6Rb forms a +1 ion by losing one electron, leaving it with an electron configuration of 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p6. The correct answer is option B.
Explanation:The given options describe potential +1 ion states of the element rubidium (Rb). When Rb forms a +1 ion, it does so by losing one electron. In its ground state, Rb has the electron configuration 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s1. When it forms a +1 ion, it becomes Rb+, losing the one electron in the 5s shell. Therefore, the correct electron configuration for Rb+ is 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p6, which matches option B from your list.
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What is the approximate difference in energy between the two chair conformations of trans-2-methyl-1-isopropylcyclohexane?
In the conformer I, both the substituents are in axial positions. Methyl group has two 1, 3 diaxial (H----CH_3) interactions and isopropyl group has two 1, 3 diaxial (H----pr) interactions. Therefore, the energy of these interactions is given as (2x0.9) + (2x1.1) = 4.0kCal/mol.
In conformer II both the substituents are equatorial positions. So, axial interactions are absent and one gauche interaction between isopropyl and methyl groups exists therefore, the energy of this interaction is given as 1.1kCal/mol. The difference in the energy of two conformations is calculated as
E = (1.0 – 1.1) kCal/mol = 2.9 kCal/mol
The answer to the question is 2.9 kCal/mol
Why do beryllium and calcium have similar chemical properties
Beryllium and calcium have similar chemical properties because they both have two valence electrons as alkaline earth metals. Beryllium forms more covalent bonds due to its small ionic size and high charge density.
Beryllium and calcium have similar chemical properties because they are both alkaline earth metals and share the same number of valence electrons, which is two. This similarity is due to their position in the same group (Group 2) of the periodic table. Elements within the same group have the same number of valence electrons, which significantly influences their chemical behavior. It's the loss, gain, or sharing of these electrons that determines how elements react with one another.
However, due to the small size of the beryllium ion, which results in a high charge density, beryllium tends to form more covalent compounds, behaving somewhat differently than calcium. Beryllium is somewhat unique among its group in that it forms covalent bonds more readily than its group members, a property it shares with aluminum, which lies diagonally to it on the periodic table. Both beryllium and aluminum can form polar highly covalent compounds, for example, polymeric hydrides, chlorides, and alkyls.
The attraction of water molecules to one another is known as:
Surface tension
Cohesion
Capillary action
Adhesion
Draw the electron-dot structure for chclo. draw the molecule by placing the atoms on the grid and connecting them with bonds. include all lone pairs of electrons.
Answer :
Electron-dot structure : It is also known as Lewis-dot structure. It shows the bonding between the atoms of a molecule and it also shows the unpaired electrons present in the molecule. The valence electrons are represented by 'dot'.
The given molecule is, [tex]CHClO[/tex]
As we know that carbon has '4' valence electrons, hydrogen has '1' valence electron, chlorine has '7' valence electrons and oxygen has '6' valence electrons.
Therefore, the total number of valence electrons in, [tex]CHClO[/tex] = 4 + 1 + 7 + 6 = 18
According to electron-dot structure, there are 8 number of bonding electrons and 10 number of non-bonding electrons.
The electron-dot structure of [tex]CHClO[/tex] is shown below.
Lewis-dot structure is another name for the electron-dot structure. It displays the bonds that exist between a molecule's atoms, as well as the unpaired electrons that are present there. 'Dot' stands in for the valence electrons.
The electrons that make up an atom's valence shell are shown by an electron dot structure, commonly referred to as a Lewis dot formula. Knowing the compound's chemical formula makes drawing electron dot diagrams possible.
The diagram of the electron-dot structure for CHClO is attached in the image below.
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A stock solution of na3c16h9n4o9s2 (tartrazine, or yellow no. 5) was prepared by placing 0.035- g in a 500 ml volumetric flask and diluting to 500 ml with distilled water. what is the molar concentration?
The molar concentration of the tartrazine solution is calculated by dividing the number of moles of tartrazine by the volume of the solution in liters. After converting the given mass of tartrazine to moles and the volume to liters, the molar concentration comes out to be approximately 0.000131 M.
Explanation:To solve this problem, you must first identify the molar mass of the tartrazine, which is
534.37 g/mol
. The molar concentration, also known as molarity, is calculated by dividing the number of moles of solute by the volume of the solution in liters. First, convert the mass of tartrazine to moles by dividing the given mass (0.035g) by its molar mass,
0.035 g ÷ 534.37 g/mol ≈ 0.0000655 mol
. The volume is given as 500 mL, which is equal to 0.5 liters, To find molarity, divide the number of moles by the volume in liters,
0.0000655 mol ÷ 0.5 L = 0.000131 M
. Therefore, the molar concentration of the solution is approximately 0.000131 M.
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Within each group of four atoms or ions presented below, select the species that are isoelectronic with each other: Zn, Fe3+, Mn2+, Ar, Ge2+, Cl-, B-, C
Among the species listed, Zn and Ge2+ are isoelectronic with each other, each containing 30 electrons. Ar and Cl- are also isoelectronic, with 18 electrons each.
Explanation:The species that are isoelectronic with each other among the given atoms and ions (Zn, Fe3+, Mn2+, Ar, Ge2+, Cl-, B-, C) are those that have the same number of electrons and thus the same electron configuration. To identify which are isoelectronic, we look at their electron configurations after the ions have lost or gained the necessary electrons.
Zn: [Ar]3d104s2 (30 electrons total)Fe3+: [Ar]3d5 (23 electrons total)Mn2+: [Ar]3d5 (23 electrons total)Ar: [Ne]3s23p6 (18 electrons total)Ge2+: [Ar]3d104s24p2 (30 electrons total)Cl-: [Ne]3s23p6 (18 electrons total)B-: [He]2s22p2 (5 electrons total)C: [He]2s22p2 (6 electrons total)Considering the above configurations, Zn (30 electrons) and Ge2+ (30 electrons) are isoelectronic with each other, as well as Ar (18 electrons) and Cl- (18 electrons), since they have the same number of electrons. The other atoms and ions listed do not have a species with which they are isoelectronic in this group.
Using the balanced equation shown below, calculate the mass of c3h8 that must react in order to release 2.45×106 × 106 kj of heat. δhrxn = –2219.9 kj
Given the heat of reaction for C3H8 (-2219.9 kJ/mole), approximately 48.63 kg of C3H8 would need to react to release 2.45 x10^6 kJ of heat.
Explanation:The balanced chemical reaction is C3H8 + 5O2 -> 3CO2 + 4H2O and its known enthalpy is -2219.9 kJ. If this amount of heat is released for the combustion of one mole of C3H8, to calculate the mass of propane (C3H8) needed to release 2.45 x10^6 kJ of heat, we need to consider the proportional relationship between heat and mass.
To release -2219.9 kJ of heat, 1 mole (or about 44.09 g) of C3H8 is needed. Therefore, to release -2.45 x10^6 kJ, you just multiply 2.45 x10^6 kJ by 44.09 g and then divide by 2219.9 kJ, which gives you approximately 48628.75 g or 48.63 kg. In summary, around 48.63 kg of C3H8 would need to react to release 2.45 x10^6 kJ of heat.
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To release 2.45×10⁶ kJ of heat, 2206.6 moles of C₃H₈ are required. Using the molar mass, this corresponds to 97,311.06 grams of C₃H₈. Therefore, the total mass needed is 97,311.06 grams.
To solve this problem, follow these steps:
First, understand the relationship given by the reaction's enthalpy change (ΔHrxn = –2219.9 kJ):2 C₃H₈(g) + 7 O₂(g) → 6 CO₂(g) + 8 H₂O(g)
This equation indicates that when 2 moles of propane (C₃H₈) react, 2219.9 kJ of heat is released.Given that we need to release 2.45×10⁶ kJ of heat, calculate the moles of C₃H₈ required using the proportion:moles of C₃H₈ = (2.45×10⁶ kJ) / (2219.9 kJ/2 moles) = 2206.6 moles of C₃H₈
To find the mass, use the molar mass of C₃H₈ (44.1 g/mol):mass (g) = 2206.6 moles × 44.1 g/mol = 97,311.06 g
Therefore, the mass of C₃H₈ required to release 2.45×10⁶ kJ of heat is 97,311.06 grams.
How many grams of ammonia must you start with to make 900.00 l of a 0.140 m aqueous solution of nitric acid? assume all the reactions give 100% yield?
To make 900 L of a 0.140 M aqueous solution of nitric acid, 2142 g or 2.142 kg of ammonia (NH3) is required, assuming a 100% yield in the chemical reaction.
Explanation:The production of aqueous nitric acid involves a sequence of chemical reactions, the first of which is the combustion of ammonia: 4NH3(g) + 502(g) => 4NO(g) + 6H₂O(g). This means that 4 moles of ammonia (NH3) react to form 4 moles of nitric oxide (NO) which then further reacts to form nitric acid (HNO3).
Given that the molarity (M) of the solution is defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution, a 0.140 M solution of nitric acid means there are 0.140 moles of nitric acid per liter of solution. So, if we require 900.00 L of this solution, we will need 900*0.140 = 126 moles of nitric acid.
From the combustion reaction, we know that 1 mole of NH3 reacts to produce 1 mole of NO, and therefore 1 mole of HNO3. As a result, to achieve 126 moles of HNO3, we will need the same amount of NH3. Ammonia has a molar mass of approximately 17 g/mol, hence we require 126 moles * 17 g/mol = 2142 g or 2.142 kg of ammonia, assuming 100% yield in the reaction.
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You would need approximately 2142 grams of ammonia to produce 900.00 l of a 0.140 M solution of nitric acid, assuming 100% yield in the chemical reactions.
Explanation:To determine how many grams of ammonia you would need to form 900.00 l of a 0.140 M solution of nitric acid, you must first understand that the main chemical reaction involved in the production of nitric acid is the combustion of ammonia (4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) -> 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)).
This balanced equation tells us that for every 4 moles of ammonia (NH3), 4 moles of nitric oxide (NO) are produced. Using the molarity of the nitric acid solution which is M = mol/L, we can calculate the moles of nitric acid to be 0.140 mol/l * 900.00 l = 126 mol. Assuming a 100% yield, we would need the same amount of moles of ammonia. The molar mass of NH3 is approximately 17 g/mol, so the mass of ammonia needed would be 126 mol * 17 g/mol = 2142 grams.
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How many grams of li3n can be formed from 1.75 moles of li? assume an excess of nitrogen. 6 li(s) + n2(g) â 2 li3n(s) how many grams of li3n can be formed from 1.75 moles of li? assume an excess of nitrogen. 6 li(s) + n2(g) â 2 li3n(s) 18.3 g li3n 61.0 g li3n 58.3 g li3n 20.3 g li3n 15.1 g li3n?
How to easily determine if a molecule is a strong nucleophile?
In class, sam learned that some theorists link happiness to productivity. from this, he developed the thought that happy employees in a factory will produce more products per hour. in this example, sam's theory led him to _____.
In the given example, it led Sam’s theory to produce a hypothesis. It is because the educated guess that he has made has been linked to the theory where in the theory is about happiness and production that led him to think that having happy employees will make more products to be produced.
which of these is an element, oxygen,sodium chloride,water,or air
The atomic number of krypton (Kr) is 36, and its mass number is 84. How many neutrons does it have?
18
36
48
72
An airplane cabin is pressurized to 640mmHg what is the pressure inside the cabin in atmosphere
Answer: 0.84 atmosphere
Explanation:
Pressure of the gas is defined as the force exerted by the particles on the walls of the container. It is expressed in various terms like 'mmHg', 'atm', 'kiloPascals' etc..
All these units of pressure are inter convertible.
We are given:
Pressure of the gas = 640 mmHg
Converting this unit of pressure into 'atm' by using conversion factor:
[tex]760mmHg=1atm[/tex]
[tex]640mmHg=\frac{1}{760}\times 640=0.84atm[/tex]
Thus there will be 0.84 atm.