The correct answer is: substrates
Enzymes are molecule catalysts (usually proteins) with the ability to speed up a chemical reaction by lowering activation energy. Enzymes don’t undergo any permanent chemical change. Reactants of an enzymatic reaction are substrates and they are being changed through the reaction, forming the product of the reaction.
The reactants of enzyme-catalyzed reactions are known as substrates.
Thus, Protein-based molecules called enzymes have the power to lower the activation energy of chemical reactions, hence accelerating them. There is no long-term chemical change in enzymes.
In an enzymatic reaction, reactants serve as substrates and are transformed to create the reaction's final product.
The substrate is the reactant in an enzyme-catalyzed process. When it comes to the substrates they bind to and the processes they catalyze, enzymes are quite particular.
Thus, The reactants of enzyme-catalyzed reactions are known as substrates.
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Which properties are used to identify minerals? Select 3 choices.
luster
magnetism
size
streak
weight
Used to identify properties are
luster magnetismstreakAnswer:
Magnetism, Luster, Streak
Explanation:
Properties of minerals are usually used by the mineralogist to identify or determine the identity of a mineral (specimen).
Magnetism: is the property of the mineral that attract or repel other magnetic materials.
Luster: is the property of minerals that shows how the surface of the minerals reflect s light and it is usually affected by the brilliance of the light that is used to observe the mineral surface.
Streak: usually shows the true color of minerals and used to be in powered form.
Which statement about the domain Archaea is true? a. Genetic prospecting has recently revealed the existence of many previously unknown archaean species. b. No archaeans are adapted to waters with temperatures above the boiling point. c. The genomes of archaeans are unique, containing no genes that originated within bacteria. No archaeans can inhabit solutions that are nearly 30% salt. d. No archaeans can reduce CO2 to methane.
The domain Archaea is diverse, with many previously unknown species being discovered due to genetic prospecting. Archaeans can thrive in extreme environments like high-temperature waters and high-salt solutions, while their genomes are unique and sometimes contain genes originated in bacteria.
Explanation:The domain Archaea is one of three large divisions of life's diversity, the others being Bacteria and Eukarya. Archaeans are unique microorganisms that bear certain similarities to both bacteria and eukaryotes. The choice (a) is correct that Genetic prospecting has recently revealed the existence of many previously unknown archaean species. Archaeans are known for their ability to inhabit extreme environments such as high-temperature waters and high-salt solutions.
Therefore, the choices (b) and (d) are incorrect. As for choice (c), archaeans do indeed have unique genomes, but they do sometimes contain genes that originated within bacteria.
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The true statement about the domain Archaea is that genetic prospecting has identified many previously unknown archaean species. Archaeans are extremophiles found in extreme environments and can perform methanogenesis. The correct option is a.
The correct answer is that genetic prospecting has recently revealed the existence of many previously unknown archaean species. Archaea are remarkably resilient and are considered extremophiles, thriving in extreme environments such as high temperature, high salinity, and immense pressure. Some archaeans can survive in waters with temperatures above the boiling point and in nearly 30% salt solutions. Additionally, members of the domain Archaea can reduce CO2 to methane, which is a distinctive metabolic process known as methanogenesis.
~~15. an individual's father is very tall. this same individual's mother is very short. the individual's height is somewhere in between. is this codominance or incomplete dominance? justify the answer
A is the answer hope you get it right
Which of the following drains urine from the kidneys to the bladder?
The Ureters Move Urine from the Kidneys to the Bladder.
Which of the following is not a way carbon dioxide travels in the blood?
Answer:Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood from the tissue to the lungs in three ways:1 (i) dissolved in solution; (ii) buffered with water as carbonic acid; (iii) bound to proteins, particularly haemoglobin.
Approximately 75% of carbon dioxide is transport in the red blood cell and 25% in the plasma. The relatively small amount in plasma is attributable to a lack of carbonic anhydrase in plasma so association with water is slow; plasma plays little role in buffering and combination with plasma proteins is poor.
There is a difference between the percentage of the total carbon dioxide carried in each form and the percentage exhaled from them. For example, 5% of the total is in solution but 10% of exhaled carbon dioxide comes from this source; 10% is protein bound, particularly with haemoglobin, but this supplies 30% of the exhaled amount.
Explain in your own words the order in which the creature's traits may h ave evolved, starting from the first likely trait. (Hint: Which trait is most common across the creatures?)
Traits in creatures evolve starting with the most common features. These shared ancestral characters are present in all organisms within a group due to descent with modification. New variations give rise to shared derived characters, which help form new branches on the phylogenetic tree.
Explanation:When considering the evolution of creature traits, we start with the most basic and common features spread across a group of organisms. The process generally begins with a change in the genetic makeup, leading to a new and persistent trait.
A shared ancestral character is a trait found in the ancestor of a group and present in all organisms within that group. For example, the presence of a backbone in vertebrates is such a character. Descent with modification means that over time, new variations emerge, some of which are adaptive and become new traits. This leads to the formation of a new branch in the phylogenetic tree, indicating a shared derived character that's not present in all ancestral lines but only in the descendants from a certain point onward.
The presence of traits like hair in lizards, frogs, and rabbits based on a phylogenetic tree, must clarify that only descendants of the last common ancestor that had the trait will possess it. For example, not all vertebrates have hair because it evolved later and is only seen in mammals, which are not directly ancestral to lizards or frogs.
The first likely trait to evolve is the most common trait found across all creatures, followed by the emergence of less common traits.
To determine the order of trait evolution, start by identifying the trait that is most universally present among the creatures, as it indicates a fundamental and early adaptation. This trait likely provided a significant survival advantage, allowing it to become widespread.
Subsequent traits likely evolved as creatures adapted to more specific environmental niches or challenges. For example, if a common trait is a basic structural feature like bilateral symmetry, it likely evolved first, providing a foundation for more complex traits such as specialized limbs or sensory organs.
By comparing the distribution of traits across different creatures, we can infer the sequential evolution of these adaptations, with the most pervasive and fundamental traits appearing earliest in the evolutionary timeline.
A molecule that blocks the activity of carbonic anhydrase would immediately. . .
a. decrease the amount of carbon dioxide dissolved in the plasma
b. cause an increase in blood pH.
c. Interfere with oxygen binding to hemoglobin
d. increase the amount of bicarbonate formed in the blood.
e. all of the above
Answer:
b. cause an increase in blood pH.
Explanation:
Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme responsible for accelerating the conversion of carbon dioxide to carbonic acid, and is responsible for controlling blood pH. When this enzyme is inhibited by some molecule. In addition, inhibition of this enzyme reduces the amount of bicarbonate formed in the blood, since there will be no conversion of carbonic acid occurring at speed.
A molecule that blocks the activity of carbonic anhydrase will immediately reduce the amount of carbon dioxide dissolved in the plasma, cause an increase in blood pH, interfere with oxygen binding to hemoglobin, and increase the amount of bicarbonate formed in the blood will increase. Therefore, the correct option is E.
A compound that inhibits carbonic anhydrase will have a variety of consequences. An enzyme called carbonic anhydrase helps convert carbon dioxide and water into carbonic acid, which then splits into bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions. As a result, inhibiting carbonic anhydrase will lower carbon dioxide levels, raise blood pH, probably inhibit the binding of oxygen to hemoglobin, and increase the amount of bicarbonate generated in the blood.
Therefore, the correct option is E.
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You are a plant cell. You must make your own food through photosynthesis. What organelle is necessary for this process
The organelle necessary for the process of photosynthesis is chloroplasts.
How can space exploration impact the economy and culture of a region?
i dont have any choices sorry
It doesn't really impact the economy in a way of which you would think it show a country is doing well. So company trust in that company or in other cases some country's spend all there money on it and makes them less money. But it shows you are competent enough to do something so extraordinary.
Why is a diagram of energy flow from trophic level to trophic level shaped like a pyramid?
a. Organisms at each level store most of the energy and pass little on.
b. There are more producers than primary consumers, and so on.
c. Organisms eventually die.
d. Most energy at each level is lost, leaving little for the next.
e. Secondary consumers are larger than primary consumers, and so on.
The correct answer is: d. Most energy at each level is lost, leaving little for the next.
The trophic pyramid or energy pyramid is graphical representation of relationships between organisms depending on their nutrition. The base of the pyramid has the largest amount of biomass so it can support the energy requirements of the organisms above it (at higher levels). Each higher level in the pyramid is smaller because only about 10% of the available energy is transferred to the next level. So, energy is lost at each level.
Final answer:
An energy pyramid is shaped like a pyramid because only about 10 percent of the energy at one trophic level is transferred to the next level. The rest is used for metabolic processes or lost as heat, which leads to a decrease in available energy at higher levels.
Explanation:
The diagram of energy flow from trophic level to trophic level is shaped like a pyramid because of the inefficiency of energy transfer between levels. According to the laws of thermodynamics, specially the first law, energy can neither be created nor destroyed. This means the energy must come from one of the previous levels. In an ecosystem, only about 10 percent of the total energy stored in organisms at one trophic level is transferred to organisms at the next trophic level. The rest is used by the organisms for metabolism, growth, and repair, or is lost to the environment as heat or waste. Therefore, as one moves up the pyramid from producers to apex predators, there is a significant decrease in available energy, which leads to fewer organisms that can be supported at higher trophic levels.
Protein synthesis can be compared to building a doghouse. Sondra wanted to build a doghouse and found a book in the reference section in the local library. She copied the pages of directions using wood and nails to make the doghouse. Taking the directions to her workbench, Sondra used a hammer to put nails into their correct positions in the wood to make the doghouse. In the story, what genetic structure would be analogous to the copies from the reference book?
The correct answer is mRNA.
mRNA or messenger RNA is synthesized during the process of transcription, from DNA molecule which is used as a template. mRNA contains information about protein synthesis (translation) in the form of nucleotide triplets or codons.
In the example above: reference book is DNA molecule (template for copies), copies are mRNA, wood is amino acids (building blocks) and doghouse is protein.
Which of the following options best depicts the flow of information when a gene directs the synthesis of a cellular component?A) RNA → DNA → RNA → protein B) DNA → RNA → protein C) protein → RNA → DNA D) DNA → amino acid → RNA → protein E) DNA → tRNA → mRNA → protein
the answer is E) DNA-tRNA-mRNA-protein
According to the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology, the proper order for the information flow in gene expression is DNA → RNA → protein. Therefore, option B) is accurate.
The flow of information when a gene directs the synthesis of a cellular component follows the sequence described by the Central Dogma of molecular biology, which delineates the process of gene expression. This flow of genetic information in cells is correctly represented by DNA → RNA → protein. In the first step, known as transcription, the information stored in a gene's DNA is transferred to a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule. Then, during translation, the mRNA works with ribosomes and tRNA to synthesize a protein, which is a sequence of amino acids determined by the mRNA. Hence, the correct option is B) DNA → RNA → protein.
The liver and pancreas are connected to the:
i believe the answer is the gallbladder because, the gallbladder sits under the liver, along with parts of the pancreas and intestines. The liver and these organs work together to digest, absorb, and process food.
Answer:
intestines
Explanation:
Which term is used to describe a group of arctic foxes that live in part of Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge?
Population is the term that is used to describe a group of arctic foxes that live in part of Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. The correct option among all the options given in the question is the third or the second last option. The area covered by Arctic National Refuge is approximately 19.6 million acres. It has a variety of wild animals living in it.
The term used to describe a group of arctic foxes that live in part of Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is C. population.
Population refers to all inhabitants of a particular area - since all of these arctic foxes live in the same place, they are a population.
Low-grade fever is an effective defense for short periods of time because it increases iron in the blood. includes pyrogens that destroy the pathogens. increases temperature, which slows the growth of bacteria. slows the attack of phagocytes. forces the person to stay in bed. 1 points
I'm not to sure about this. Lemme see if I got this right hear me out.
I think increases temp and slows bacteria growth, non phagocyte cell that attack harder when temp rises therefore a quick low-grade fever will be more affected then a long term
Fever is a defense mechanism that raises body temperature to combat infections efficiently.
Fever is a defense mechanism in the body that elevates temperature, inhibiting the growth of bacteria as they thrive at lower temperatures. It also triggers other immune responses, such as the production of white blood cells and cytokines, aiding in the fight against infections.
Fungi have an extremely high surface-area-to-volume ratio. What is the advantage of this to an organism that gets most of its nutrition through absorption?
A) The larger surface area allows for more material to be transported through the cell membrane. B) The lower volume prevents the cells from drying out too quickly, which can interfere with absorption.C) This high ratio creates more room inside the cells for additional organelles involved in absorption.D) This high ratio means that fungi have a thick, fleshy structure that allows the fungi to store more of the food it absorbs.
The correct answer is: A) The larger surface area allows for more material to be transported through the cell membrane.
Fungi are usually in the form of complex network of filaments -mycelium. Mycelium consists of hyphae that are long, thin and branched which gives them high surface area to volume ratio. This property makes fungi well-adapted for absorption of nutrients from soil and other substrates.
A larger surface area allows for more material to be transported through the cell membrane, providing fungi with efficient nutrient absorption necessary for their survival.
Fungi have a high surface-area-to-volume ratio, particularly in the structure of their mycelia and hyphae. This ratio is advantageous because it increases the efficiency of absorption. Since fungi are heterotrophic and rely on absorbing nutrients through their mycelia, having a larger surface area compared to their volume means there is more 'space' exposed to the environment, facilitating a greater and faster intake of nutrients. Furthermore, fungi release enzymes, like cellulase, into the environment that digest large organic molecules into smaller, absorbable forms. This digestion occurs externally, and the products are then absorbed by the fungi. Therefore, the larger surface area allows for more material to be transported through the cell membrane, making option A the correct answer.
Which group of animals has a closed circulatory system featuring a single circuit and two heart chambers?
mammals
tunicates
amphibians
fish
birds
Answer:
Fish
Explanation:
Electron transport chains associated with ATP production in plant cells are located in
A) the thylakoid membranes only.
B) the outer chloroplast membranes only.
C) the thylakoid and outer chloroplast membranes.
D) the thylakoid and mitochondrial inner membranes.
E) the mitochondrial inner membranes only.
Answer:
D) the thylakoid and mitochondrial inner membranes.
Explanation:
Electron transport chain in plant cells is used for extracting sunlight energy via redox reactions through the process of photosynthesis. This process occurs in chloroplast (thylakoid membrane), where light energy is transformed into chemical energy, that leads to the conversion of water to oxygen and NADP+ to NADPH with transfer of H+ ions across chloroplast membranes. Formed H+ gradient is used for the ATP synthesis.
In all eukaryotes, including plants, electron transport chain is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it serves as the site of oxidative phosphorylation (production of ATP) through the action of ATP synthase.
One should inhale when muscles are relaxed and exhale when initiating the lifting or push-off action in resistance training.
Answer:
It is true that one should inhale when muscles are relaxed and exhale when initiating the lifting or push-off action in resistance training.
Explanation:
The reason why we have to inhale when the muscle is relaxed is that we need to oxygenate our body to perform the effort. Muscles burn energy and they need to be provided with it so they can perform the effort, as well as our whole body needs oxygen, proteins, and glucose to work support the effort. As well as to send enough oxygen to be distributed in the glucose they need to perform the duty. Also, we prepare our thoracic cave to endure the effort, gather the oxygen and burn it to perform the task.
Why is Tokyo considered the world leader in stopping water leakage?
Answer for plato users:
Tokyo has developed the largest flood defense in the world. It consists of five enormous underground storm-water tanks. These tanks can store water from a heavy downpour. This type of effort makes Tokyo the world leader in stopping water leakage.
Answer:
Tokyo has developed the largest flood defense in the world. It consists of five enormous underground storm-water tanks. These tanks can store water from a heavy downpour. This type of effort makes Tokyo the world leader in stopping water leakage.
Explanation:
Why would too much salt intake cause someone to develop high blood pressure?
Answer: salt intake increases the sodium level in the blood and will make the body retain excess water thereby giving the heart more work to do.
Explanation: Eating salt increases the quantity of sodium in blood and it creates an imbalance in the sodium and potassium levels. The high level of salt reduces the ability of the kidneys to excrete water. Too much sodium increases blood pressure because it holds excess fluid in the body and that results to an added burden on the heart. Excess sodium intake will increase risk of osteoporosis, stomach cancer, stroke, heart failure and kidney disease.
The result is a higher blood pressure due to the fact that the body will have the tendency of retaining more fluids because of the excess salt.
What type of rock forms layers that can be seen in heavily weathered regions such as the Grand Canyon?
A. Igneous
B. Basaltic
C. Metamorphic
D. Sedimentary
D. Sedimentary
Explanation;The Grand Canyon was formed by the processes of weathering and erosion. The Colorado River and its tributaries formed the canyon as the Colorado Plateau was being geologically uplifted. The formation of the Grand Canyon was accomplished by the constant erosion of the rock by the Colorado River over some 17 million years.The three main types of sedimentary rocks at Grand Canyon are sandstone, shale, and limestone.Answer:
sedimentary
have a nice day.
Which statement is an example of a scientific theory?
Answer:
B
Explanation:
B is referring to cell theory, which basically states that all living things are made of cells and all cells come from other cells withe the exception of the first life forms.
The general process by which bones form is called:
a) ossification
b) osteomalacia
c) calcification
d) apposition
e) orthodontics
Answer by PinkLemonadeTae:
Hi! :)
Question: The general process by which bones form is called..?
Answer: A) Ossification!
Have a BEAUTIFUL day~
The process of bone formation is called ossification, also known as osteogenesis, which occurs through osteoblast activities. There are two primary types of ossification: intramembranous and endochondral. This process continues actively until around age 25 and switches primarily to bone remodeling and repair thereafter.
Explanation:The general process by which bones form is called ossification, also known as osteogenesis. This complex biological process is responsible for the formation of bone tissue by the action of osteoblasts. Not to be confused with calcification, which can occur in other tissues as well, ossification takes place during the development and growth of the skeletal system, beginning approximately six weeks after fertilization in an embryo.
There are two primary methods through which ossification occurs: intramembranous ossification, which is the development of bone from fibrous membranes, and endochondral ossification, which is the development of bone from hyaline cartilage. While bone growth continues until about the age of 25, followed by a period where the ossification process primarily contributes to bone remodeling and repair, the overall process is critical in forming the structure and stability of the bony skeleton throughout life.
Other related terms include osteomalacia, a condition involving the softening of bones, calcification, the accumulation of calcium salts in body tissue, apposition, referring to the growth in the thickness of bones, and orthodontics, a field of dentistry concerned with the correction of irregularities of teeth and jaws. However, these terms are not synonymous with the process of bone formation.
The tiny gaps between adjacent schwann cells are called
A) neurillema.
B) nodes of Ranvier.
C) axolemma.
D) terminals.
E) vesicles.
The tiny gaps between adjacent Schwann cells are called nodes of Ranvier. They play an essential role in the speed of nerve impulse transmission.
Explanation:In the peripheral nervous system, the tiny gaps that exist between adjacent Schwann cells are referred to as nodes of Ranvier (Option B). These nodes play a critical role in the speed at which electrical impulses travel along nerve fibers. In a process called saltatory conduction, action potentials jump from node to node, leading to faster propagation of the nerve impulse compared to uninterrupted fibers.
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The gaps between adjacent Schwann cells in a neuron's axon are known as Nodes of Ranvier, enabling faster signal transmission known as saltatory conduction.
Explanation:The tiny gaps between adjacent Schwann cells are referred to as Nodes of Ranvier, so the answer to your question is B) Nodes of Ranvier. Schwann cells are a type of glial cell that wrap around the axons of neurons in the peripheral nervous system to provide insulation. These neurons have many gaps, or nodes, where the insulation (the Schwann cells) are absent. It's these nodes that allow for saltatory conduction, a mode of neural signal transmission where the electric signal/no action potential 'jumps' from node to node, significantly speeding up the rate of transmission.
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Which light-sensitive vitamin is abundant in milk? riboflavin alpha-tocopherol vitamin c thiamin?
I would say the thiamin is more light sensitive.
Vitamin D, which is present in fortified milk and produced by exposure to sunlight, is the light-sensitive vitamin mentioned in the question.
Explanation:Among the options provided, the light-sensitive vitamin that is abundant in milk is vitamin D. This vitamin is often added to products such as milk through a process called fortification. Besides milk, certain types of fatty fish also have high quantities of Vitamin D. It can also be produced by our body when our skin is exposed to sunlight. People, especially those of darker complexion or those living in higher latitudes with less sunlight, often don't produce enough Vitamin D and may need supplements.
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The specific heat of a substance is the energy required to produce a certain change in _____________. A. state B. temperature C. appearance D. volume
Answer:
Its actually TEMPERATURE
Explanation:
STUDY ISLAND
The specific heat of a substance is the energy required to produce a certain change in temperature. The correct option is B. temperature.
The specific heat capacity, often simply called specific heat, is the amount of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree Celsius. The relationship between heat energy (Q), specific heat (c), mass (m), and the change in temperature (
riangle T) is commonly expressed in the formula Q = mc
riangle T. This property is intrinsic to the material and differs among substances. For instance, water has a high specific heat capacity, meaning it requires more energy to raise its temperature than substances with a lower specific heat capacity. This concept is crucial in areas like calorimetry, where the aim is to measure the heat of chemical reactions or physical changes, as well as in practical applications such as climate science and engineering.
Why do mitochondria and chloroplasts have relatively small genomes?
A) Their bacterial ancestors had small genomes
B) Over time, much of their nucleic acid has migrated to the host cell nucleus
C) They do not need many genes to function
D) They lack non-coding DNA
Answer:
B) Over time, much of their nucleic acid has migrated to the host cell nucleus
Explanation:
The origin of chloroplasts and mitochondria is explained via endosymbiosis theory: they originated as prokarytoic symbionts. The host cell acquired genetic information from them and “took it up” by lateral gene transfer. Those genes (now located in the eukaryotic cell nucleus-nuclear genome) encode the great majority of chloroplast and mitochondrial proteins, as well as many proteins of the nucleus and cytosol.
Yet ,chloroplasts and mitochondria retained some of the genes in their genomes.
Final answer:
The small genomes of mitochondria and chloroplasts are a result of their evolution from bacterial endosymbionts and the transfer of many of their genes to the host cell's nucleus. Their streamlined genomes now contain only the essential genes necessary for their functions in respiration and photosynthesis, while the nucleus encodes most proteins they require.
Explanation:
The relatively small genomes of mitochondria and chloroplasts can be attributed to their evolutionary history and current biological function. These organelles are thought to have originated from endosymbiotic events where prokaryotes, such as bacteria, became incorporated into the cells of early eukaryotes. Over time, there was a transfer of many of their genes to the host cell's nucleus, leading to a reduction in the size of their own genomes.
Due to this gene transfer, most of the proteins required for their function are now encoded by the nuclear genome and imported into the organelles. Moreover, the simplified genomes of mitochondria and chloroplasts consist of a single, circular molecule of DNA, similar to their bacterial ancestors, and contain only the remaining essential genes necessary for their specific functions. This includes the genes for respiration in mitochondria and photosynthesis in chloroplasts, among others.
Therefore, the small size of the mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes can be explained by option B: Over time, much of their nucleic acid has migrated to the host cell nucleus. Moreover, these streamlined genomes are efficient for the specialized roles they play in the cell, and this reduction in genome size may also be a reflection of their reduced autonomy, relying on the eukaryotic host cell for many functions.
7. the skeleton that protects the body's vital organs immune system
The immune system works to keep germs out of the body and destroy any that get in. The immune system is made up of a complex network of cells and organs thatprotect the body from infection. Lymph nodes are part of the immune system. They release lymphocytes, a certain type of white blood cell that fights infection.
Human cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes. How many combinations of chromosomes can result in an effort to maintain genetic diversity?
There are 8,324,608 possible combinations of 23 chromosome pairs. As a result, two gametes virtually never have exactly the same combination of chromosomes. Each chromosome contains dozens to thousands of different genes.