The targets used in the alpha particle atomic experiments in the early 1900's were

When sugar is mixed with water, equilibrium is reached when the rate of sugar dissolving in water equals the rate of sugar crystallizing or precipitating out of the solution.

This dynamic state of equilibrium is governed by the principles of solubility and saturation. Initially, when sugar is added to water, it dissolves as sugar molecules break apart and become surrounded by water molecules, forming a solution. As more sugar is added, the concentration of sugar in the solution increases until it reaches a point where no more sugar can be dissolved; this is called the saturation point.

At this stage, the rate of dissolution equals the rate of crystallization, resulting in a stable equilibrium where the concentration of dissolved sugar remains constant. The temperature and other factors can influence the equilibrium point, as changes in these conditions may shift the balance between dissolution and crystallization.

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The following laboratory tools can be used to handle small objects or chemicals;

- forceps; the forceps is used in the lab to grab or pick up small objects that are either hot of dangerous to hold with the bare hands

- disposable pipette; these are usually made of plastic, they ere used to move around liquid substances from one container to another.

- crucible; this tool is used to melt small quantities of liquid or solid substances.

- test tube; this tool is used to store small quantities of chemicals.

- micropipette; this is used to take measurement of small quantities of liquids.

- spatula; a spatula is used to move little quantities of solid around

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The concentrations of Na+ and SO42- ions after dissolving 0.500 mol Na2SO4 in water and diluting to 1.33 L are respectively 0.752 mol/L and 0.376 mol/L.

The question asks for the calculation of concentrations of Na+ and SO42- ions after dissolving 0.500 mol Na2SO4 in water and diluting to 1.33 L.

For each formula unit of Na2SO4 that dissolves, two Na+ ions and one SO42- ion are produced. Therefore, we expect the concentration of Na+ ions to be twice that of the SO42- ions.

Concentration is calculated using the formula: Concentration = Moles/Volume. By substituting the values, we get: Concentration of Na2SO4= 0.500 mol / 1.33 L = 0.376 mol/L. As previously mentioned, the concentration of Na+ ions is double this, so it is 0.376 x 2 = 0.752 mol/L, while the concentration for SO42- ions remains 0.376 mol/L.

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Considering the definition of peeriod, group and electronic configuration, the period and gruop is 3 and 16 respectively.

The elements are arranged in horizontal rows, called periods, and in columns, called groups.

The Electronic Configuration of the elements is the arrangement of all electrons of an element in energy levels and sub-levels (orbitals).

The placement of the elements in the periodic table is done taking into account the electronic configuration.

In each period, the elements whose last level of their electronic configuration coincides with the number of the period appear.

On the other hand, in each group appear the elements that present the same number of electrons in the last occupied level or valence shell.

In this case, the element has the electron configuration. [Ne]3s²3p⁴

The outermost electrons are at level 3. So the element is in period 3.

You have 6 electrons (2 in the s sublevel and 4 in the p sublevel) in the last level. So the element is in group 16.

Finally, the period and gruop is 3 and 16 respectively.

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The correct name for the molecular compound with chemical formula N₂S₄ is dinitrogen tetrasulfide.

Chemical  formula is a way of representing the number of atoms present in a compound or molecule.It is written with the help of symbols  of elements. It also makes use of brackets and subscripts.

Subscripts are used to denote number of atoms of each element and brackets indicate presence of group of atoms. Chemical formula does not contain words. Chemical formula in the simplest form  is called empirical formula.

It is not the same as structural formula and does not have any information regarding structure.It does not provide any information regarding structure of molecule as obtained in structural formula.

There are four types of chemical formula:

1)empirical formula

2) structural formula

3)condensed formula

4)molecular formula

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The elements in the substance are mixtures of their isotopes.

The atomic nucleus does not contain electrons, which are the negatively charged subatomic particles that orbit the nucleus. Protons and neutrons, carrying positive and no charge respectively, are the ones that make up the nucleus.

The atomic nucleus does not contain electrons, which are negatively charged subatomic particles. The nucleus is a positively charged region consisting of protons, which have a positive electric charge, and neutrons, which are neutral. Electrons are instead located outside the nucleus, moving through the mostly empty space that makes up the rest of the atom. These subatomic particles—protons, neutrons, and electrons—are bound by forces that define the structure of the atom. The arrangement of these particles explains why the nucleus itself carries a net positive charge, balanced by the negative charge of the electrons that orbit around it.

There are 10 electrons in an ion of fluorine.

Explanation:

Given:

The fluorine ion with 9 protons and a charge of -1.

To find:

The number of electrons in fluorine ion.

Solution

The atomic number of fluorine = 9

Atomic number = Number of protons

Number of proton in fluorine atom = 9

In a neutral atom of fluorine equal numbers of protons and electrons are there.

Number of electrons in fluorine atom = 9

Charge on fluorine atom =-1

Number of electrons in fluorine ion = 9 +1 = 10

There are 10 electrons in an ion of fluorine.

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Answer:

69,000,000,000 = [tex]6.9*10^{10}[/tex]

Explanation:

Hello! Let's solve this!

To express a number in scientific notation, we must first choose the number between 0 and 9. In this case the number chosen is 6.9.

Then we multiply * 10 and the exponent of 10 we assign it as follows:

If the point was run to the left, the exponent is positive. If the point was run to the right, the exponent is negative.

In this case the point was run 10 places to the left. The scientific notation is:

69,000,000,000 = [tex]6.9*10^{10}[/tex]

TO calculate for the number of moles, all we have to do is to take the ratio of mass over molar mass.

Glycine has a molecular formula of C2H5NO2 with a molar mass of 75.07 g/mol.

Therefore:

number of moles = 160 g / (75.07 g / mol)

number of moles = 2.13 moles

From the question,

Density =1.00g/ml

mass =?

volume = 1.000 gallons.

1 gallon of water = 3.785litre

D = M/v

D is Density

m is mass

v is volume.

Mass= Volume × Density

convert the volume to mililitre

1 litre = 1000ml

3.785 × 1000 = 3785 mililitres.

Therefore, mass = 3785 ×1

mass= 3785g

Density is the ratio of mass of a substance to it's volume.

it is Mass÷volume.

Therefore, mass is 3785g.

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There are approximately 2.41 x 1024 oxygen atoms in 23.6 grams of aspartame. The calculation involves determining the molecular mass of aspartame, finding the number of moles in 23.6 grams and multiplying it by the number of oxygen atoms per molecule and Avogadro's number.

To determine the number of oxygen atoms in 23.6 grams of aspartame, we first need to find the molecular mass of aspartame (C14H18N2O5). This is done by adding up the atomic masses of the constituent atoms, which equals to 294.31 g/mol. Next, we use Avogadro's number, which states that one mole of any substance contains 6.02 x 1023 molecules.

Therefore, the number of moles of aspartame in 23.6 grams is 23.6/294.31, which equals to approximately 0.080 moles. Because each molecule of aspartame contains 5 oxygen atoms, we multiply the number of moles by 5 to get the number of moles of oxygen in 23.6 grams of aspartame. Then, we multiply this by Avogadro's number to obtain the number of oxygen atoms. Hence, there are approximately 2.41 x 1024 oxygen atoms in 23.6 grams of aspartame.

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Scientists perform experiments primarily to find answers to their questions by testing hypotheses and analyzing the collected scientific data to draw conclusions.

The main reason scientists perform experiments is c) to find answers to their questions. They do this by following the scientific method, which includes developing a hypothesis, designing an experiment to test the hypothesis, collecting and analyzing scientific data, and then drawing a conclusion. If the hypothesis is supported, further related hypotheses may be tested; if it is rejected, a new hypothesis may be formulated. Scientists summarize experimental information, compare related things or aspects, and record the results of an experiment to further our understanding of the natural world.

Frying an egg is a chemical change because the heat causes the proteins in the egg to chemically react and change structure, resulting in a solid form with altered color and texture that cannot be reversed.

Frying an egg is an example of a chemical change. When an egg is fried, the proteins in the egg white and yolk undergo a chemical reaction caused by the heat. This reaction changes the proteins' structure, making the egg change from a liquid to a solid. The chemical change is evident by the egg's altered color, texture, and inability to return to its original state. Similar to how burning gasoline in a vehicle's engine is a chemical change that powers the vehicle, the cooking of an egg involves altering the chemical structure of its components.

Saturated fatty acids are those with single bonds between carbons, maximized with hydrogen atoms. Unsaturated fatty acids contain one or more double bonds. The type of bond influences the fatty acid's properties.

The statement in your question seems to have a misunderstanding. A fatty acid that contains only single covalent bonds between its carbon atoms is actually a saturated fatty acid, not unsaturated. This is because in a fatty acid chain, if there are only single bonds between neighboring carbons in the hydrocarbon chain, it is said to be saturated. Saturated fatty acids, such as stearic acid, are in simplest terms, saturated with hydrogen. This simply means the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton is maximized.

On the other hand, fatty acids that have one or more double bonds between carbons in the chain are classified as unsaturated fatty acids. Examples include monounsaturated fats, which have one double bond in the molecule (like in olive oil), and polyunsaturated fats, which have more than one double bond in the molecule (such as in canola oil). An example of an unsaturated fatty acid is oleic acid.

Remember that the nature of bonds (single or double) in a fatty acid affects its properties, such as its state at room temperature. Saturated fatty acids generally are solid or semi-solid at room temperature, while unsaturated fatty acids usually are liquid.

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Naproxen is known to be a weak acid. In order to calculate its ka and pka, use the equation of getting the ph of weak acid which is ph= -1/2 log [(Ka)(Mwa)]. The Ka value is 3.18x10^-5. The pKa can be obtained through pKa = - log Ka. The pKa is 4.5. 

Answer:

[tex]Ka=6.43x10^{-5}[/tex]

[tex]pKa=4.19[/tex]

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, the pH provides the concentration of hydrogen in its dissociation:

[tex]Naproxen\rightleftharpoons H^++Naproxen^-[/tex]

Thus, such concentration is:

[tex][H^+]=10^{-4.2}=6.31x10^{-5}M[/tex]

Thus, the Ka, by means of the dissociation law of mass action:

[tex]Ka=\frac{(6.31x10^{-5})^2}{1.25x10^{-4}-6.31x10^{-5}}=6.43x10^{-5}[/tex]

Hence the pKa is:

[tex]pKa=-log(Ka)=-log(6.43x10^{-5})=4.19[/tex]

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Answer : The oxidation state of nitrogen in [tex]LiNO_3[/tex] is, (+5)

Explanation :

Rules for the oxidation numbers :

The given compound is, [tex]LiNO_3[/tex]

Let the oxidation state of 'N' be, 'x'

[tex](+1)+x+3(-2)=0\\\\x=+5[/tex]

Hence, the oxidation state of N is, (+5)

The oxidation state of N in [tex]{\text{LiN}}{{\text{O}}_3}[/tex]is [tex]\boxed{ + 5}[/tex]

Further Explanation:

Redox reaction:

It is a type of chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of atoms are changed. In this reaction, both reduction and oxidation are carried out at the same time. Such reactions are characterized by the transfer of electrons between the species involved in the reaction.

The process of gain of electrons or the decrease in the oxidation state of the atom is called reduction while that of loss of electrons or the increase in the oxidation number is known as oxidation. In redox reactions, one species lose electrons and the other species gain electrons. The species that lose electrons and itself gets oxidized is called as a reductant or reducing agent. The species that gains electrons and gets reduced is known as an oxidant or oxidizing agent. The presence of a redox pair or redox couple is a must for the redox reaction.

The general representation of a redox reaction is,

[tex]{\text{X}}+{\text{Y}}\to{{\text{X}}^+}+{{\text{Y}}^-}[/tex]

The oxidation half-reaction can be written as:

[tex]{\text{X}}\to{{\text{X}}^+}+{e^-}[/tex]

The reduction half-reaction can be written as:

[tex]{\text{Y}}+{e^-}\to{{\text{Y}}^-}[/tex]

Here, X is getting oxidized and its oxidation state changes from [tex]0[/tex]to +1 whereas B is getting reduced and its oxidation state changes from 0 to -1. Hence, X acts as the reducing agent whereas Y is an oxidizing agent.

Rules to calculate the oxidation states of elements:

1. The oxidation number of a free element is always zero.

2. The oxidation number of oxygen is generally taken as -2, except for peroxides.

3. The oxidation state of hydrogen is normally taken as +1.

4. The sum of oxidation numbers of all the elements present in a neutral compound is zero.

5. The oxidation numbers of group 1 and group 2 elements are +1 and +2 respectively.

The oxidation state of O is -2 and the oxidation state of Li is +1.

The expression to calculate the oxidation state in [tex]{\text{LiN}}{{\text{O}}_3}[/tex]is:

[tex]\left[ {1\left( {{\text{oxidation state of Li}}} \right) + 1\left( {{\text{oxidation state of N}}} \right) + 3\left( {{\text{oxidation state of O}}} \right)} \right] = 0[/tex]      …… (1)

Rearrange equation (1) for the oxidation state of N.

[tex]{\text{Oxidation state of N}} = \left[ { - 1\left( {{\text{oxidation state of Li}}} \right) - 3\left( {{\text{oxidation state of O}}} \right)} \right][/tex]          …… (2)  

Substitute -2 for the oxidation [tex]{\text{state}}[/tex] of O and +1 for the oxidation state of Li in equation (2).

[tex]\begin{aligned}{\text{Oxidation state}}\;{\text{of N}}&=\left[{-1\left({{\text{+1}}}\right)-3\left({-{\text{2}}}\right)}\right]\\&=\left[{-1+6}\right]\\&=+5\\\end{aligned}[/tex]

Therefore the oxidation state of N in [tex]{\mathbf{LiN}}{{\mathbf{O}}_{\mathbf{3}}}[/tex] is +5.

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2. Determine the oxidation state of Cl in [tex]{\text{NaCl}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}[/tex]: https://brainly.com/question/1869644

Answer details:

Grade: High School

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Redox reactions

Keywords: redox reaction, N, LiNO3, oxidation, reduction, reductant, oxidant, reducing agent, oxidizing agent, electrons, redox pair, redox couple, oxidation state, oxidized, reduced, simultaneously, +5, -2, +1, Li, O.

The pressure in the gas manifold can be computed by adding the atmospheric pressure (754 torr) to the pressure difference in the manometer (52.4 torr), yielding an absolute pressure of 806.4 torr.

The question pertains to the use of an open-end mercury manometer, a tool used to measure the pressure of a gas. The difference in height between the mercury levels on the gas side and the open side of the tube represents the pressure of the gas relative to atmospheric pressure.

In your case, the gas side is 76.2 cm above the U-neck, while the open side is 23.8 cm above. The pressure difference (Δh) is therefore 76.2 cm - 23.8 cm = 52.4 cm. Remembering that 1 torr is approximately equal to 1 cm of mercury, the pressure of the gas is therefore 52.4 torr above atmospheric pressure.

However, because the atmospheric pressure in the lab is 754 torr, we must add this to our pressure difference to get the absolute pressure of the gas in the manifold. So, the pressure in the gas manifold is 52.4 torr + 754 torr = 806.4 torr.

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The pressure in the gas manifold is found by determining the height difference between the mercury levels in the manometer, which is then added to the atmospheric pressure. The result, 806.4 torr, is the pressure within the gas manifold.

The subject of your question relates to the area of physics, specifically fluid dynamics and pressure. In the scenario described, we are dealing with an open-end mercury manometer, which serves as a pressure measurement tool. The pressure in the gas manifold can be determined using the measurements provided and the principles of pressure in manometers.

Firstly, let's find the height difference between the mercury levels. Subtract the level in the open end from the level on the gas manifold side (76.2 cm - 23.8 cm = 52.4 cm). Given that the air pressure is provided in torr, we need to keep consistent units, so 1 cm of Hg equals 13.6 mm of water, which equates to about 1 torr of pressure. Therefore, our height difference is 52.4 torr.

Finally, to find the pressure in the gas manifold, add the atmospheric pressure to the difference in pressure measured by the manometer (754 torr + 52.4 torr = 806.4 torr). Thus, the pressure in the gas manifold is 806.4 torr.

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Answer:

0.5 g/ml.

Explanation:

Density (mass / volume) is a scalar magnitude referred to the amount of mass in a given volume of a substance.

Now if we have the mass is 8.5g. and occupies a volume of 17 ml.

to find the density we must find its mass / volume relation

[tex]d=\frac{8.5g}{17ml}= 0.5 g/m[/tex]

Among electromagnetic waves, UV rays are most dangerous because exposure to these radiation cause serious problems in living organism. Therefore, red color of visible light has the longest wavelength. The correct option is option B.

Electromagnetic wave is a wave which contain two component one is electric component and other is magnetic component. The electric and magnetic component are perpendicular to each other. There are so many wave that comes under electromagnetic wave like infrared wave , radio wave, light wave.

There is a relation between frequency of wave, and wavelength of wave

Mathematically,

ν =c÷λ

where,

ν =frequency of light

c is speed of light

λ is the wavelength of light

Red color of visible light has the longest wavelength.

Therefore, red color of visible light has the longest wavelength. The correct option is option B.

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Answer is C – Unsaturated fat.

Fats are large molecules basically made from a combination of glycerol and three chains of fatty acids. Usually fats consist of C, H and O. According to the C – C bond, there are two types of fats as saturated fats and unsaturated fats. Saturated fats have only C – C single bonds and all C atoms are sp³ hybridized atoms. But in unsaturated fats other than C – C single bonds there are C – C double bonds. Hence, both sp³ and sp² hybridized C atoms can be seen.

C. the number of protons in the nucleus

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The fractional abundance of the magnesium isotope with 12 neutrons, Mg-24, is 78.70%.

The question revolves around calculating the fractional abundance of magnesium isotopes. The given atomic mass is a weighted average of the isotopes based on their natural abundance. Since magnesium has isotopes with mass numbers of 24, 25, and 26, you would use the following equation to find the fractional abundance of Mg-24 (which has 12 neutrons):

Atomic mass = (Fractional abundance of Mg-24 x Mass of Mg-24) + (Fractional abundance of Mg-25 x Mass of Mg-25) + (Fractional abundance of Mg-26 x Mass of Mg-26)

Since the question seeks the fractional abundance of the isotope with 12 neutrons (Mg-24), and we are given that Mg-24 comprises 78.70% of magnesium atoms, it means that the fractional abundance of Mg-24 is 0.787 or 78.70%.

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The mass of 4.5 x 10^23 molecules of SO2 is approximately 578.7 grams.

The mass of 4.5 x 1023 molecules of SO2 can be calculated using the molar mass of SO2. The molar mass of SO2 is approximately 64.06 g/mol. To find the mass of 4.5 x 1023 molecules, we can use the following steps:

Using these steps, the mass of 4.5 x 1023 molecules of SO2 is approximately 578.7 grams.

Gravitational Attraction: Mass is also involved in the gravitational interaction between objects. The gravitational force between two objects is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.

Conservation of Mass: The principle of the conservation of mass states that the total mass of a closed system remains constant over time, regardless of the processes occurring within the system.

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When a substance is called to be a solution, this usually means that the majority of it is water and there are some solutes dissolved in it. The solute can be a solid or a liquid.

In this case, the 3% hydrogen peroxide is the solute since it is the lesser amount. So the other 97% is water.

Answer:

Water

A typical hydrogen peroxide solution from a drug store is labeled as 3.0% hydrogen peroxide, the other 97% of the solution is water.

It is a colorless liquid that is bitter. It is an unstable compound and highly reacts with oxygen.

Hydrogen peroxide is usually present with 97% water because its little amount is dangerous.

It is present in a black bottle because it readily reacts with oxygen.

Its uses are cleaning, disinfecting, and removing stains.

Thus, the other 97% of the solution is water.

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