Treaty of Fort Laramie, 1868 United States recognizes The Black Hills as part of the Sioux reservation, closing the land to white immigrants(wag). Soon overrun by gold prospectors starting The Black Hills war. The Treaty of Fort Laramie (also called the Sioux Treaty of 1868) was an agreement between the United States and the Oglala, Miniconjou, and Brulé bands of Lakota people, Yanktonai Dakota, and Arapaho Nation[1] signed in 1868 at Fort Laramie in the Wyoming Territory, guaranteeing to the Lakota ownership of the Black Hills, and further land and hunting rights in South Dakota, Wyoming, and Montana. The Powder River Country was to be henceforth closed to all whites. The treaty ended Red Cloud's War. Red Cloud A very strong war leader and a chief of the Oglala Lakota. He led as a chief from 1868 to 1909. One of the most capable Native American opponents the United States Army faced, he led a successful campaign in 1866-1868 known as Red Cloud's War over control of the Powder River Country in northeastern Wyoming and southern Montana. Ended with the Treaty of Fort Laramie. George Armstrong Custer After the Civil War, American officer, Custer was dispatched to the west to fight in the Indian Wars. His disastrous final battle overshadowed his prior achievements. Custer and all the men with him were killed at the Battle of the Little Bighorn in 1876, fighting against a coalition of Native American tribes in a battle that has come to be popularly known in American history as "Custer's Last Stand." Black Hills Sacred land for both the Sioux and Cheyenne. Overrun by gold prospectors in the 1870's leading to the Black Hills war. Little Bighorn Sight of the slaughter of General Custer's troops. Most famous Indian victory. Those involved were later tracked down and captured. Congress takes back the Black Hills and relinquishes Lakota rights outside of reservation. Cheyennes were also affected by the outcome of the battle. The Battle of the Little Bighorn, commonly referred to as Custer's Last Stand, was an armed engagement between combined forces of Lakota, Northern Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes, against the 7th Cavalry Regiment of the United States Army Sioux Wars Battles leading up the the Sioux uprising; include Wounded Knee. Indians fight alongside Americans to prevent Sioux expansion. Short-term gains made for Crows. Wovoka also known as Jack Wilson, was the Northern Paiute religious leader who founded the Ghost Dance movement. Wovoka means "cutter" or "wood cutter" in the Northern Paiute language A return of old ways that was a response to reservation life. Non-Indians see it as preparation for uprising Chief Joseph Succeeded his father Tuekakas (Chief Joseph the Elder) as the leader of the Wal-lam-wat-kain (Wallowa) band of Nez Perce, a Native American tribe indigenous to the Wallowa Valley in northeastern Oregon, in the interior Pacific Northwest region of the United States. He led his band during the most tumultuous period in their contemporary history when they were forcibly removed from their ancestral lands in the Wallowa Valley by the United States federal government and forced to move northeast, onto the significantly reduced reservation in Lapwai, Idaho Territory. A series of events which culminated in episodes of violence led those Nez Perce who resisted removal including Joseph's band and an allied band of the Palouse tribe to take flight to attempt to reach political asylum, ultimately with the Sioux chief Sitting Bull in Canada. Detribalization(pg. 415-16)
Answer:
The correct answer is D. The Treaty of Fort Laramie, signed in 1851, promised the Lakota Sioux the territory of Black Hills.
Explanation:
The Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851, also known as the Horse Creek Treaty, was signed on September 17, 1851 between the United States and the Sioux, Cheyenne, Arapaho, Crow, Shoshone, Assiniboine, Mandan, Hidatsa and Arikara Indian nations.
It was signed two and a half years after the start of the California gold rush.
By this treaty, the American government left control of the Great Plains to the Amerindians and paid annually fifty thousand dollars for fifty years in exchange for the right to build roads and forts on the Amerindian territory and the free passage of settlers on the Oregon Trail.
This treaty opened a relatively short period of peace, as the Pikes Peak Gold Rush, which began in 1859, sparked covetousness over new Native American territories and the arrival of nearly 100,000 gold seekers lobbying for gold. the authorities to obtain land, leading them to sign the treaty of Fort Wise on February 18, 1861, resulting in thirteen divided Indian territories. The Cheyennes disavowed the chiefs who had signed the treaty and remained on their land.
After the Sand Creek massacre of 1864, the Amerindian wars resumed and the following treaty was symbolically signed again at Fort Laramie. This new version of the treaty of 1851, completely transformed, knew a new wave of questioning during the gold rush in the Black Hills, which triggered the war of the Black Hills, and his famous battle of Little Bighorn.
What were the bases for many of the early 1800s reform movements?
Final answer:
The early 1800s reform movements were primarily based on the ideals of the Second Great Awakening, focusing on personal responsibility, societal improvement, and the notion of human perfectibility. Key efforts included the temperance, anti-slavery, and women's rights movements, with transatlantic collaboration enhancing these causes. Significant figures like William Lloyd Garrison and Frederick Douglass played crucial roles in advocating for change.
Explanation:
The base for many of the early 1800s reform movements can be attributed to the ideals of the Second Great Awakening and its promotion of human goodness and personal responsibility. Influenced by these religious revivals, reformers aimed to perfect society and individual conduct. This period saw temperance movements urging 'clean' living, efforts to enhance public institutions such as prisons and schools, and strides toward building a more virtuous America. Notably, the anti-slavery movement and the women's rights movement emerged as significant campaigns advocating for emancipation and equal rights, with many reformers participating in both. Abolitionists like William Lloyd Garrison and Frederick Douglass were pivotal, promoting immediate emancipation and moral suasion as strategies against slavery. Many reformers also sought to establish idealistic communities and improve health and education.
These reform movements were not isolated to the United States; they were part of a broader transatlantic exchange of ideas. Activists on both sides of the Atlantic corresponded and collaborated, particularly on abolition. The antebellum era's reform impulse marked a time characterized by a powerful drive to improve society and the condition of individuals on the fringes. While not all goals were achieved, significant progress made the era a landmark for social reform.
What impact did geography have on the development of the Bedouin culture?
Most Bedouins are animal herders who migrate into the desert during the rainy winter season and move back toward the cultivated land in the dry summer months. Bedouin tribes have traditionally been classified according to the animal species that are the basis of their livelihood. Camel nomads occupy huge territories and are organized into large tribes in the Sahara, Syrian, and Arabian deserts. Sheep and goat nomads have smaller ranges, staying mainly near the cultivated regions of Jordan, Syria, and Iraq. Cattle nomads are found chiefly in South Arabia and in Sudan, where they are called Baqqārah (Baggara). Historically many Bedouin groups also raided trade caravans and villages at the margins of settled areas or extracted payments from settled areas in return for protection.
Bedouin society is tribal and patriarchal, typically composed of extended families that are patrilineal, endogamous, and polygynous. The head of the family, as well as of each successively larger social unit making up the tribal structure, is called sheikh; the sheikh is assisted by an informal tribal council of male elders.
In addition to the “noble” tribes who trace their ancestry to either Qaysi (northern Arabian) or Yamani (southern Arabian) origin, traditional Bedouin society comprises scattered “ancestor-less” groups who shelter under the protection of the large noble tribes and make a living by serving them as blacksmiths, tinkers, artisans, entertainers, and other workers.
The growth of modern states in the Middle East and the extension of their authority into previous ungovernable regions greatly impinged upon Bedouins’ traditional ways of life. Following World War I, Bedouin tribes had to submit to the control of the governments of the countries in which their wandering areas lay. This also meant that the Bedouins’ internal feuding and the raiding of outlying villages had to be given up, to be replaced by more peaceful commercial relations. In several instances Bedouins were incorporated into military and police forces, taking advantage of their mobility and habituation to austere environments, while others found employment in construction and the petroleum industry.
In the second half of the 20th century, Bedouins faced new pressures to abandon nomadism. Middle Eastern governments nationalized Bedouin rangelands, imposing new limits on Bedouins’ movements and grazing, and many also implemented settlement programs that compelled Bedouin communities to adopt sedentary or semisedentary lifestyles. Some other Bedouin groups settled voluntarily in response to changing political and economic conditions. Advancing technology also left its mark as many of the remaining nomadic groups exchanged their traditional modes of animal transportation for motor vehicles.
Because Bedouin populations are represented inconsistently—or not at all—in official statistics, the number of nomadic Bedouins living in the Middle East today is difficult to ascertain. But it is generally understood that they constitute only a small fraction of the total population in the countries where they are present.
The geography of the Arabian Peninsula, largely desert, necessitated a nomadic lifestyle for the Bedouin culture. This lifestyle involved pastoral farming and a deep understanding of their harsh environment. However, many Bedouins have now transitioned to more sedentary lives due to government policies.
Explanation:The geography of the Arabian Peninsula greatly influenced the development of the Bedouin culture. Their environment, characterized by vast deserts, shaped them into nomadic tribes that relied on pastoral farming. This means they raised livestock such as sheep and goats for milk, wool, and other necessities. The Bedouins, known as desert dwellers, would move their herds around the landscape in search of fertile grazing areas.
Their nomadic lifestyle was strongly driven by their adaptation to the challenging desert environment, characterized by infertile soil and lack of water resources. They developed extensive knowledge of this environment, which aided them in their survival. For instance, they could judge the age and physical condition of a camel from its tracks and even the time when the track was laid.
However, due to government regulations and policies, many Bedouins have now settled in villages and cities across North Africa and the Middle East. This transition has seen them engage in sedentary herding and small-scale farming, or even in jobs outside of farming such as taxi driving or café management. Yet, many hold a nostalgic fondness for their former nomadic way of life.
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Compared to other ancient people, the romans where ______ in granting citizenship to freed slaves.
A) generous
B) unwilling
C) slow
D) the same
A) generous is the answer
Why was a Union victory at Vicksburg so important for the North? It cut off supplies coming from England. It opened the door for the fall of Richmond. A great moral victory was badly needed. It made taking of the Deep South possible.
Answer:
The Union victory at Vicksburg was so important for the North because it made taking of the Deep South possible.
Explanation:
The fall of Vicksburg in the hands of the Union meant that the North took full control of the Mississippi River. In this way, the Union cut the Confederate territory into two parts without connection to each other. By controlling the Mississippi, the Union made it impossible to resupply troops and resources from Texas and Louisiana to the rest of the Confederacy. Due to the shortage, the Deep South (Carolina, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia and Florida) was practically isolated and surrounded by the enemy, with which, without resources or reinforcements, and with Union troops stationed on all flanks, their fall was taking place progressively.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the two churches shown here?
Final answer:
The two described churches represent different Christian traditions and architectural styles—Orthodox with intricate décor symbolizing divinity and Catholic with its separate elaborate tradition. The basilica form is common due to its practicality for worship and pilgrim movement, as seen in the nave and transept of Chartres Cathedral. Megachurches represent contemporary venues that accommodate large congregations.
Explanation:
The two churches in question are embodiments of their respective Christian traditions and architectural styles. Orthodox churches aim to create a sense of the divine with elaborate interior and exterior decor, such as mosaics, frescoes, and marble revetment, which are reflective of their spiritual aspirations. On the other hand, Catholic churches, while also elaborate, follow a different architectural tradition that developed simultaneously but separately due to geographic and cultural divergence. Protestant churches tend to be less elaborate, often in intentional contrast to the ornate aesthetics of Catholicism.
Looking more specifically at church plans, we see that the basilica is a prevalent form with a long axis leading to the altar, while the central plan is also significant. Chartres Cathedral exemplifies the basilica style with a nave crossed by a transept, having doorways that facilitate the movement of pilgrims, as described by Nancy and Steven in the passages.
Furthermore, megachurches represent a modern adaptation of religious spaces, accommodating large congregations in often less ornate but sizeable venues. These physical structures all aim to fulfill the needs of their congregations, whether through grandeur to inspire reverence or practical designs to manage large numbers of visitors and worshipers.
The church on the left is Eastern Orthodox; the church on the right is Roman Catholic.
The correct answer is D. The church on the left is Eastern Orthodox; the church on the right is Roman Catholic.
The two churches shown in the image belong to different branches of Christianity.
The church on the left with the onion domes is characteristic of the Eastern Orthodox Church, while the church on the right with the steeple is characteristic of the Roman Catholic Church.
The Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church have distinct architectural traditions and different hierarchical structures.
The Eastern Orthodox Church is headed by the Archbishop of Constantinople and includes multiple national churches, such as the Greek Orthodox Church and the Russian Orthodox Church.
On the other hand, the Roman Catholic Church is headed by the pope in Rome and has a centralized governance structure.
The probable question may be:
Which of the following statements accurately describes the two churches shown here?
A. The church on the left is Roman Catholic, the church on the right is Eastern Orthodox.
B. Both churches are Roman Catholic.
C. Both churches are Eastern Orthodox.
D. The church on the left is Eastern Orthodox; the church on the right is Roman Catholic.
What was the major economy of the New England colonies?
New England towns along the coast, the colonists made their living fishing, whaling, and shipbuilding.
The new England colonies had rocky soil, which turned into not desirable for plantation farming, so the new England colonies depended on fishing, lumbering, and subsistence farming. The middle colonies additionally featured blended economies, along with farming and merchant shipping.
What were New England colonies known for?Within the New England towns along the coast, the colonists made their living fishing, whaling, and shipbuilding. The fish covered cod, mackerel, herring, halibut, hake, bass and sturgeon. Whale oil changed into a treasured aid as it is able to be used in lamps.
Quickly after the Mayflower, the Puritans settled Massachusetts Bay. Massachusetts Bay became the most influential colony in New England. Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Hampshire can hint their beginnings again to it. New England's important source of trade was its fish and wooden.
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. Mesozonic Era:
1. Describe some of the main geologic events occurring during this geologic period. This would include formation of mountains, opening of oceans, crunching continents, volcanic activity, major deposition of sediments, major structures eroded, etc.
2. . Describe the position of the continents during this period. Where was our region with respect to the equator?
3. What types of animals lived during this geologic era?
4. What are the major types of plants that lived during your era?
1. Describe some of the main geologic events occurring during this geologic period. This would include formation of mountains, opening of oceans, crunching continents, volcanic activity, major deposition of sediments, major structures eroded, etc.
The Mesozoic Era saw various geological events, including mountain formation and volcanic activity. The continents were in the process of breaking apart, and numerous animal and plant species thrived during this era.
Explanation:Mesozoic EraSome of the main geological events during the Mesozoic Era include the formation of the Appalachian Mountains, the opening of the Atlantic Ocean, volcanic activity in various parts of the world, major deposition of sediments in areas such as the Gulf of Mexico, and the erosion of major structures like the Colorado Plateau.During the Mesozoic Era, the position of the continents was significantly different than today. The supercontinent Pangaea began to break apart, and by the late Mesozoic, the continents resembling their modern shapes. Our region, depending on your location, could have been near the equator or at higher latitudes.Many different types of animals lived during the Mesozoic Era, including dinosaurs like Tyrannosaurus rex and Triceratops, marine reptiles like ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs, and early mammals like Morganucodon.The major types of plants that lived during the Mesozoic Era included ferns, cycads, and conifers. Flowering plants, or angiosperms, appeared during the later part of the Mesozoic.Learn more about Mesozoic Era here:https://brainly.com/question/38062461
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How did the federal government respond to the decline of american cities?
Eisenhower spent money on several new programs that funded things like highways, education, etc.
Final answer:
In response to the decline of American cities, the federal government launched urban renewal initiatives like the Housing Act of 1949, which aimed at rejuvenating the urban cores through federal funding for the acquisition and development of blighted areas, though these efforts varied in effectiveness.
Explanation:
During the decline of American cities, the federal government's response included several initiatives aimed at urban renewal and economic relief.
However, due to a government that had historically been more involved in patronage than inefficient governance, these efforts were often seen as inadequate.
Cities faced deteriorating conditions with overpopulated tenement houses and inadequate sanitation, leading to widespread illness, while rural areas struggled with the financial pressures of farming.
The economic depression demanded a more robust national response, which led to fragmented and often corrupt local political groups emerging as the main source of aid for the desperate populace.
The federal government, recognizing the challenge, launched urban renewal programs like Title I of the Housing Act of 1949, which provided federal funding for cities to acquire and improve blighted urban areas.
This program allowed for the use of eminent domain to transform declining urban spaces, often by turning over the land to private developers for new housing construction, funded significantly by the government. Despite being well-intentioned, urban renewal programs sometimes faced criticism and had varying levels of success.
Why were the Macandal Revolutions so important? List 3 reasons.
1. Haitian success convinced Bonaparte to sell "Louisiana" to the U.S.(Doubled size of the U.S.)
2. Slavery increased in U.S.(~60 more years) with more land Caribbean nations expanded sugar production + slavery. (Haiti's production declined)
3. Gave support + inspiration to others fighting colonization in Latin America, Asia, Africa.
in poetry meter is the pattern of
Basic rhythmic structure of a verse or lines in verse.
Answer:
In poetry, meter is the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables.
Explanation:
Poetry is a literary expression that is used to express feelings in the reader or in the listener, giving rise to emotional responses.
In poetry, they use aesthetic and rhythmic qualities such as phonetics and symbolism of sound.
The meter is a pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables that define groupings of two or more syllables.
what is the meaning of the word heeded in the following sentence: though her words weren't heeded in her day, they laid a foundation for women's rights later in history.
heed
Heed is an old word, meaning to listen to and follow. It can also be used as a noun: "Take heed of my instructions, little boy," said the old bearded man. "My potion will only work for the one who wears the ring."
What has been the most defining moment in your previous experience with American Politics?
For me, as a thirty year old, the two most defining experiences were the Bush v. Gore debacle with hanging chads in Florida and the election of Barack Obama.
Bush v. Gore showed us at our bickering worst and the election of an African-American president showed us at what we could be at our best.
What was a major criticism of the Equal Rights Amendment
(ERA)? (20-1) +
O
the ERA would harm men's rights
the ERA would not allow women to be drafted into the military
O
the ERA was a threat to traditional family life
The correct option is
c. The ERA was a threat to traditional family life.
Some critics argued that the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) would undermine traditional gender roles and family structures by promoting equality in all aspects of life. They feared that it would lead to the erosion of social norms and values regarding gender roles within families, potentially disrupting the traditional division of labor between men and women. This criticism reflected concerns about the perceived impact of gender equality legislation on societal norms and values, particularly regarding family dynamics and traditional roles. However, it's important to note that this criticism was not universally held, and opinions on the ERA varied widely based on differing perspectives on gender equality and social change.
The complete Question is given below:
What was a major criticism of the Equal Rights Amendment
a. the ERA would harm men's rights
b. the ERA would not allow women to be drafted into the military
c. the ERA was a threat to traditional family life
what was one major outcome of the japanese military leaderships's policies during the 1930's
One major outcome of the Japanese military leadership's policies during the 1930's was the expansion of the Japanese Empire. The military policies led to modernizing the army, being provided with modern weaponry, and good training. That mad the Japanese army by far the most superior in the region. The Japanese knew that they can take down the other nations in the region with relative easy, and considering that they lacked natural resources, but the nations in the region had them, they decided to start and expansion. Little by little, the Japanese managed to conquer very large area in the coming years.
Answer:
Japan Came into direct conflict with the united states
Explanation:
the british felt that it was the role of the colonists to do what?
After the French and Indian War, the British felt like it was the duty of the colonists to pay their fair share of the cost of defending the colonies against the French and Indians.
The colonists disagreed.
in this type of goverment, one person has control over all goverment branches
the answer should be a dictatorship. Hope this helps!!
Explanation: I believe the answer is Dictatorship
Which world war 2 event inspired the UN’s universal declaration of human rights
It was mostly the Holocaust that inspired the UN's Universal Declaration of Human Rights, since this was indeed one of the most severe human ...
How were Japan’s actions before and during World War II similar to Germany’s actions over the same period?
A. Both countries invaded neighboring countries to expand their territory and influence.
The correct answer is A) both countries invaded neighboring countries to expand their territory and influence.
Japan’s actions before and during World War II were similar to Germany’s actions over the same period in that both countries invaded neighboring countries to expand their territory and influence.
Before World War II, Japan had invaded Manchuria in 1931 and China in 1937. Japanese imperialistic and expansionistic ideas had to do with territory. Japan is a series of islands in a mountainous land. They lack some important raw materials and there are such a few zones for agriculture.
Germany invaded Czechoslovakia, Poland, Denmark, Norway, Belgium, The Netherlands, and France.
The other options of the question were B) both countries relied heavily on military aid form allies to defeat internal rebellions, C) both countries attempted to spread their Marxist and racist beliefs through military conquest, and D) both countries experienced political instability and constant changes in leadership throughout the war.
What is the purpose of international trade?
A. to exchange goods and services in a global market
B. to challenge the sovereignty of nations involved
C. to undermine the liberty of citizens
D. to increase the Gross Domestic Product
I think its A
I hope this helps :D
To increase the Gross Domestic Product
Schools almost out, good luck!
What economic role did John Adams favor for the government?
The Economic role did John Adams favor for the government are as follows;
1. He assumed the administration should have a significant role in the commercial expansion of the nation.
2. He publically exposed the anxieties about the capability of the government and considered that the ordinary people shouldn’t have administrative control, due to which voters never preferred him to vote in Elections.
3. He reversed an agreement confirmed with Creek nation because if he understood it was made unjustly with the inhabitants.
5. He advocated the captured Africans in the Amistad case favorably.
Answer:
He believed the government should have a major role in economic development.
Help Is what I need please.
Answer:
its B
Explanation:
___ was arrested when lost in Spanish territory.
Thomas Jefferson
Zebulon Pike
George Rogers Clark
Stephen Long
Meriwether Lewis
Hello
In Feb 1807, explorer Lt. Zebulon Pike was arrested on the upper Rio Grande River by Spanish forces on his government-sanctioned exploration of the Arkansas and Red Rivers.
Best regards
Answer:
THE ANSWER IS
STEPHEN LONG
Explanation:
What are two reasons Hitler gave for Germans to vote in favor of annexation?
Thanks for using Brainly.
Hitler was German and loved the Germans, so he let them vote since they were apart of his team.
Another one is that Germans were the only ones that had rights. Others didn't have the rights.
which problems has Nigeria faced as an independent nation
corruption and civil wars and major government disputes
All of the following were Mannerist artists except for:
The artists who were Mannerist painters in the provided information are Jacopo da Pontormo, Rosso Fiorentino, Parmigianino, and Giulio Romano. Raphael, on the other hand, was not a Mannerist artist.
Explanation:The artists mentioned in the provided information are Jacopo da Pontormo, Rosso Fiorentino, Parmigianino, and Giulio Romano.
All of these artists were Mannerist painters except for Raphael, who was not a Mannerist artist.
Mannerist artists were known for using elongated forms, irrational settings, and theatrical lighting.
They rebelled against the harmony and ideal proportions of the High Renaissance and instead opted for unconventional and exaggerated styles.
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why did the US want access to the missippi river
Control of the Mississippi River was important to both sides during the American Civil War. The North wanted to control the river and split the Confederacy in two. ... Cities and industries have grown up along the banks of the Mississippi because it is a natural waterway fro transporting goods.
Which is NOT a role of the president? Congress: Select the best answer from the choices provided. A. Chief Executive B. Commander-in-Chief C. Head of State D. Chief Justice
The answer is D- Chief Justice is not a role of the President.
Among the many of the duties of a president there are
1. Chief of State
In this role his responsabilities include to represent and embody all the values of his/her country.
2. Chief Executive
The president is top authority of the Executive Branch. He/she enforces the laws passed by Congress
3 -Commander-In-Chief
The president is in charge of all Armed Forces. He/ she decides over all military operations
.
Explain why gentrification might be an alternative to suburban sprawl
One of the things that gentrification represents is that there is an influx of newly wealthy people that exist as a result of a growing class divide.
So, the hope is that people will stay where they historically grew up and improve that area as opposed to moving out and spreading out.
Either way, the root issue is a growing class divide.
Final answer:
Gentrification as an alternative to suburban sprawl due to economic revitalization and shifting housing demands from the baby boomer generation.
Explanation:
Gentrification can be considered an alternative to suburban sprawl as it involves the revitalization of troubled urban neighborhoods by replacing lower-income residents with higher-income residents, leading to the renovation of older housing and industrial landscapes into upscale commercial activities.
One of the major causes of gentrification was the real estate market economics in the 1980s, where urban real estate values had collapsed, making inner-city properties attractive for redevelopment, with support from governments through economic grants and tax incentives.
The demographic explanation of gentrification emphasizes shifts in housing demands by the baby boomer generation, favoring urban areas close to careers and urban amenities over the traditional suburban family lifestyle, leading to the recycling or gentrification of urban spaces.
What was John f Kennedy famous for
He's the youngest president, He established peace corps, help take down the berlin wall, and was assasinated.
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-What region is known as the “Holy Land” to the monotheistic religions?
- What were the Crusades? (Include your definition)
-What were the 3 main causes of the Crusades?
1-
2-
3-
Answer:
What region is known as the “Holy Land” to the monotheistic religions?
Answer: Jerusalem and the Holy Land, or Palestine, have a complicated history. The Holy Land sits at the intersection of three continents, near the birthplace of some of the world's oldest civilizations. It also borders the Mediterranean Sea, a major artery of conquest and trade.
What were the Crusades? (Include your definition)
Answer: In response to Pope Urban II’s call to arms, a wave of religious enthusiasm swept across Europe. European lords and knights, however, did not move as quickly as others. In 1096, a French monk named Peter the Hermit pulled together a disorganized army of peasants and soldiers with his fiery sermons. Together, they plunged eastward toward Constantinople in what came to be known as the People’s Crusade. Peter stayed behind in Constantinople as his army crossed over into Anatolia. Unfortunately, the People’s Crusade did not turn out well. Nearly all of the crusaders were killed by Turkish soldiers.
What were the 3 main causes of the Crusades?
Answer:
1- The first Crusaders, led by Godfrey of Bouillon and other French lords, marched from Constantinople through lands held by the Seljuk Turks to Antioch. Along the way, they battled isolated Turkic forces, and Godfrey’s brother Baldwin stopped to set up the first Crusader State at Edessa. After a long siege, the Crusaders captured Antioch, as well. Disagreements over the rule of Antioch slowed their progress and split their forces, however, and it was not until August 1098 that the Crusaders reached Jerusalem. The Crusaders laid siege to Jerusalem for more than a month before its keepers surrendered. On Godfrey’s death, Baldwin left Edessa and became the first king of the Christian Kingdom of Jerusalem. Although many stayed behind to defend European rule of the Holy Land, most of the Crusaders who had survived the expedition returned home.
2- In the years following the First Crusade, European lords worked to secure their rule over the Crusader States. When Muslim forces regrouped and attacked Edessa, the Teutonic Knights, the Knights Hospitaller, and the Knights Templar rode forth under the banner of the Second Crusade. They did not go alone. This time, the fervor of the Crusades reached to the highest levels of Europe. Two monarchs, King Louis VII of France and Emperor Conrad III of Germany, pledged themselves to the cause and led armies to the Holy Land. However, the Crusaders turned their sights on Damascus, rather than Edessa, and their poorly organized attack resulted in failure. Again, many Crusaders returned home. Those who remained were focused on defending the Kingdom of Jerusalem, while Muslim forces became more powerful and encircled them.
3- In the mid-12th century, the Turkic ruler Saladin rose to lead the Seljuks and succeeded in uniting the fragmented Muslim armies of Southwest Asia and North Africa. To Saladin, the Christian armies were the infidels that had to be evicted. When Saladin’s forces took Jerusalem, the call went out across Europe to launch another crusade. Three kings came forward—Emperor Frederick Barbarossa of Germany, King Phillip II of France, and King Richard I of England, later known as Richard the Lionheart. However, this crusade achieved little. Frederick Barbarossa died along the way, and Phillip returned to Europe after the capture of Acre in 1191. Only Richard the Lionheart remained to lead the Christian armies. Richard led many campaigns against Jerusalem. However, he failed to retake the city. In 1192, Richard and Saladin reached a truce. According to this peace treaty, Saladin’s Muslim empire kept control of Jerusalem but granted Christians the right to visit the city and their shrines. Saladin and Richard the Lionheart never met face to face. However, their deeds inspired numerous legends.
Explanation: