There are different vegetative patterns throughout the world. The vegetation that can grow is influenced by the amount of heat received. The differences in heat give rise to _______ zones.

Andrew Huxley and Niedergerke are the scientists that discovered the sliding filament theory.  

They said that the muscle filaments are made up of proteins like actin and myosin. Actin is the thinner protein that is formed of two subunits – G actin and the F actin. They together form the actin filament.

Myosin filament is formed of the units Heavy meromyosin and light meromyosin. These together make the myosin filament. These filaments slide over each other and attach themselves to make the muscle contract.  

Answer:

Bacteria are important because of their extreme flexibility and capacity for rapid growth and reproduction. This statement is- TRUE

Explanation:

Bacteria can grow best in their optimum environment. But they can survive in extreme conditions also.

Temperature- Optimum temperature for bacterial growth is 20- 45 degree Celsius. But Psychrophiles can survive on the lower temperature also . They can survive on refrigerator temperature lower than 4 degree Celsius.

Thermophiles even can grow on higher temperature up to 80 degree Celsius. Some hyperthermophiles has been discovered which can survive temperature ranging from 80-121 degree Celsius. Bacteria are discovered from hydrothermal vents where temperature is measured 340 degree Celsius. For bacteria obtained from hydrothermal vents optimal growth temperature is 100 degrees Celsius.

Like extreme temperature , bacteria can grow in extreme salt concentration are known as HALOPHILES.

Aerobic bacteria require oxygen to survive. But without oxygen also they can survive i,e. ANAEROBIC bacteria.

They can grow in highly acidic medium as well as highly alkaline medium.

They can survive in these extreme conditions , this flexibility and tolerance comes from their genes. Because of their very short duplication time /multiplication time they can achieve this tolerance. E. coli bacteria found in human intestine has very short doubling time of 20 minutes. They have ability to change /mutate their genes according to the survival condition. In genetic engineering also the advantage of using  microbe with shorter duplication time is useful. Within few minutes one can get the result whether the desire gene is expressed or not.

Answer:

there are 4 aluminium atoms on the reactants side that combines with 4 other oxygen atoms.

Explanation:

Answer:

When used for forensic science, DNA fingerprinting makes use of probes that target regions of DNA specific to humans, thus eliminating any possibility of contamination by extraneous DNA from bacteria, plants, insects, or other sources.

Explanation:

Answered that question before. hope this helps :)

Answer: B. Identifying a person based on his or her unique genetic code.

Explanation: Here are the answer choices:

A. Finding similarities between individuals

B. Identifying a person based on his or her unique genetic code.
C. Tracing patterns of genetic defects present in criminals.

D. Determining if genetic engineering has occurred on a product.

B sounds the most reasonable to me.

Answer & Explanation:

A natural spring can be described as groundwater flowing naturally to the surface where it is lower than the water table. Water is present in the ground, which is under our feet in soil spaces and in the fractures of rock formations. There comes a point where the ground water is recharged and flows to the surface naturally. The water that naturally flows to the surface is called springs.

Groundwater flowing naturally to the surface where it is lower than the water table statement best describes a spring.

An underground layer of rock or silt that contains groundwater, the top of the saturated zone, naturally occurring groundwater that rises to the surface below the water table.

When groundwater is present below the water table and flows naturally to the surface, it is referred to as a natural spring.

Water can be found in the soil gaps beneath our feet and in the cracks in rock formations. At some point, the groundwater is naturally recharged and flows to the surface. Springs are places where water rises to the surface naturally.

Therefore, groundwater flowing naturally to the surface, where it is lower than the water table.

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The given question is incomplete, so most probable complete question is,

Which statement best describes a spring?

the top of the saturated zone

an underground layer of rock or sediment that holds groundwater

groundwater flowing naturally to the surface where it is lower than the water table

a vent in Earth’s surface that periodically ejects a column of hot water and steam

Answer:

The correct answer is: Meiosis makes it possible for a zygote to have the correct number of chromosomes.

Explanation:

Meiosis is a type of cell division used by reproducing organisms to produce the gametes (as sperm or egg cells). It has two rounds of division that results in four cells with one copy of each chromosome.

Before the division, genetic material from each chromosome is crossed over and creates new combinations of code on each chromosome. During fertilization, the cells produced by meiosis will conjoin to create a cell with copies of each chromosome again, the zygote.

Answer:

Hello!

The answer is Meiosis allows chromosomes to exchange genetic material through crossing over.

Explanation:

Meiosis:

Meiosis, also known as reduction division, is the type of cell division that produces four gametes by reducing the number of chromosomes in each daughter cell.  

Meiosis occurs in the germ cells and is required for reproduction. Unlike Mitosis, which produces copies of the parent genetic material, meiosis is responsible for producing variations in the offspring DNA. Meiosis allows the crossing over which is the exchange of genetic material between chromosomes that will ultimately end up in separate daughter cells. This process will produce four gametes with a varied set of genes.

Answer:

Although pesticides can help a farmer to get rid of insects that are harming his plants, but pesticides can be heavily toxic.

Some of the dangers of using pesticides are:

The pesticides can make their way into a river, lake or pond source. They can be toxic for the aquatic life there. In this way, they can make an ecosystem unstable.

Leeching can occur when pesticides make their way to groundwater. The groundwater is used by many people for drinking purposes. Hence, this water will become toxic for the usage of humans.

Answer:

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Explanation:

associates with a set of proteins to form ribosomes. These complex structures, which physically move along an mRNA molecule, catalyze the assembly of amino acids into protein chains. They also bind tRNAs and various accessory molecules necessary for protein synthesis.

Answer:

wind, water, animal feces

Answer:

The correct option is 'replication of chromosomes.'

Explanation:

Mitosis can be described as a type of cell division in which two daughter cells are produced which are identical to the parent cell. crossing over or independent assortment does not occur during this process. The cells produced by this method do not have to replicate their chromosomes. Hence, this option is not true.

Other options are true like the alignment of chromosomes along the cell's equator happens during the metaphase of mitosis.

Answer:

D. hotter rock rises and cooler rock sinks.

Explanation:

We know that as we move towards Earth's center, the temperature rises. This rise in temperature causes rocks to melt (magma). The high temperature and melting of rocks decrease the density of material which makes it move upward. By moving upward, the molten rock starts turning solid and becomes denser again. Here, it sinks back due to gravity. This upward and downward movement of rocks due to density and temperature makes a convection cell.

PS: The formation of convection cells in Earth's interior is also the reason for plate tectonics.

The answer is D hotter rock rises

Why? Because... While convection is generally discussed as a form of heat flow within liquids and gases, it can occur in solids too. For example, the temperature and pressure conditions in the Earth's mantle allow mantle rock to flow very slowly. Hotter rock gradually rises up and cooler rock gradually sinks down in large convection currents in the mantle.

And because study island....

Final answer:

Paramecium is organized at the cellular level, with specialized organelles like the nucleus and cilia, but as a single-celled organism it does not have tissues, organs, or higher levels of organization.

Explanation:

The levels of organization in a Paramecium, like other living organisms, can be described in a hierarchy from simplest to most complex. Starting with organelles, which are the basic functional units within cells, we move onto the cellular level, where all organelles function as a whole unit. While multicellular organisms continue to higher levels of organization such as tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, and ultimately the biosphere, Paramecium as a single-celled organism does not have these higher levels of organization.

A Paramecium's complexity is primarily within the single cell level, where organelles like the nucleus, contractile vacuoles, and cilia are organized to carry out the life processes of this unicellular organism. Therefore, the Paramecium exemplifies the biological organization at the cellular level with highly specialized organelles contributing to its survival in its aquatic ecosystem.

Answer:

The answer is C.(The sequence reads UGU) (non sens mutation are the most harmful)

Answer:

The sequence reads UGU; a change in the third base from U to A

Explanation:

I just took this test and got it right, good luck with all your stuff!!

Density dependent: available space number of predators

density independent: climatic change wild fires volcano

According to the question, each phrase/term with respect to the correct column is as follows:

A Population may be defined as a group of individuals belonging to the same species living in the same area at a given time.

Density-dependent factors may be characterized as those factors that significantly vary with the density of the population. These factors affect a higher proportion of individuals. It typically includes food and space available, competition between the species, predation, parasitism, accumulation of toxic wastes, etc.

While density-independent factors are those factors that do not vary with the density of the population. It majorly includes abiotic parameters like Temperature, flooding, pH, wildfires, etc.

Therefore, according to the question, each phrase/term with respect to the correct column is well mentioned.

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Answer:

The answer is:

D. the radiation of herbivores such as grazing animals

Explanation:

Oligocene and Miocene Epochs:

The Oligocence and Miocene epoch are both attributed to the expansion of grasslands and savannah. Both eras marked rapid and drastic evolutionary changes in grazing mammals and herbivores. Diverse groups of grazing mammals lived throughout these eras. For example, the largest herbivore and land mammal of all time, Indricotherium (a sort of giant hornless rhinoceros), was present in the Oligocene era.

Similarly, the Oligocene era in North America favored the rapid radiation of primitive horses.

Answer:

Much of the focus of environmental science is to address the environmental problems that emerged from the industrial revolution.

Explanation:

The industrial revolution affected the environment, due to rise in population which also accompanied with the standard of living which led to the exploitation of the natural resources. The use of various chemicals, as well as the fuels for running the factories caused the increased air and water pollution. With more use of fossil fuels. The industrial revolution has also other negative effects like, very bad working condition, poor living condition, low wages and child labor.

Explanation:

Photosynthesis produces glucose and O2 from inorganic CO2, light energy and water.

6CO2 + 6H20 + (energy) → C6H12O6 + 6O2

These end products, namely O2 and glucose are then used in respiration...

C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ≈38 ATP

The CO2 and H2O produced as waste in respiration can then be incorporated at the beginning of photosynthesis. Thus the reactions are cyclic- they feed into each other.

Further Explanation:

Photosynthesis is a chemical pathway that’s integral to producing energy in plants and other primary producers. Energy in the form of molecules of glucose is produced from light, water and carbon dioxide while oxygen is released. This occurs in several complex steps, photosynthesis is a rate limited reaction, depends on several factors including carbon dioxide concentration, ambient temperature and light intensity; the energy is retrieved from photons, I.e. particles of light, and water is used as a reducing agent. This occurs in the thykaloids, where pigment molecules like chlorophyll reside.

Occuring in several complex steps, photosynthesis is a rate limited reaction, depends on several factors including carbon dioxide concentration, ambient temperature and light intensity; the energy is retrieved from photons, I.e. particles of light, and water is used as a reducing agent. Water supplies the chlorophyll in plant cell with replacement electrons for the ones removed from photosystem II.

Additionally,

In all eukaryotic cells mitochondria are small cellular organelles bound by membranes, these make most of the chemical energy required for powering the biochemical reactions within the cell. This chemical energy is stored within the molecule ATP which is produced.

Respiration in the mitochondria utilizes oxygen for the production of ATP in the Krebs’s cycle via the oxidization of pyruvate( through the process of glycoysis). The electron transport chain, in which oxygen functions as the terminal electron acceptor occurs in both plants and animals.

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Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are interconnected processes that plants and organisms rely on to convert energy and maintain life. They involve the exchange of gases, the use of energy, and the production of different molecules. By recycling oxygen and converting solar energy into usable forms, these processes sustain life on Earth.

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are two interconnected processes in living organisms. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants and some microorganisms convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose and oxygen. Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down glucose and oxygen to produce energy, carbon dioxide, and water. Both processes involve the exchange of gases, the use of energy, and the production of different molecules.

In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is taken in, and oxygen and glucose are produced. In cellular respiration, oxygen is taken in, and carbon dioxide and energy (in the form of ATP) are produced. Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells, while cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria of all eukaryotic cells. These two processes are connected, as the products of one process are the reactants of the other, forming a cycle.

Overall, photosynthesis and cellular respiration work together to sustain life on Earth by recycling oxygen and converting solar energy into usable forms for organisms. They are fundamental processes in biology, and understanding their interconnectedness is crucial to understanding how life functions.

Dead organisms when get compressed and stuck together inside soil for long time, gives rise to organic sedimentary rocks.

Option D

Explanation:

Organic sedimentary rocks are the types of sedimentary rocks generally formed in swamps or water logged areas over years where remains of living organisms like leaf or dead bodies of animals get petrified and stored under the soil for considerable amount of time and due to carbon deposition, it forms rocks. Most classical example of this type of sedimentary rocks is coal.

When a dead organism gets stuck and dies, firstly the body gets petrified. Then the minerals from surrounding soil and from the body itself gets to deposit in that place and slowly with time, it forms the rock.

Answer:

the right answer is c) 25%

Explanation:

Because its on usatestprep and 25% is the probability of having offspring with type B blood. If you do a Punnett square you see:

1/4 offspring could have blood type B: a 25% chance. 2/4 could be AB and 1/4 could be A.

Answer: I found two on the Blue Moon Butterfly. The BMB evolved with a new gene that renders male butterflies immune to the Wolbachia bacteria passed down from the mother which kills males before they hatched. The bacteria was discovered in the butterflies by Greg Hurst in the 1990s.

Explanation: To find them, look up "blue moon butterfly." One website should be called Berkely(.)edu. The other can be found by looking up "wolbachia butterfly." The website is called theatlantic(.)com.

Answer:

The correct answer is option C.

Explanation:

Atom has three subatomic particles;

Electron : Negatively charged species found inside an atom and outside of the nucleus.

Proton: Positively charged species found inside the nucleus of an atom.

Electron : Neutral charge species found inside the nucleus of an atom

Generally an atom is an electrically neutral species with equal number of electrons and protons.

According to question,The correct labeling of the U is an electron.

The part of the atom that is shown in the diagram is the U as electron that is in option C. Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles that are present outside of the nucleus. So option C is correct.

Protons are positively charged subatomic particles found within the nucleus of an atom. They have a relative charge of +1 and a relative mass of approximately 1 atomic mass unit (amu). The number of protons in an atom's nucleus determines its atomic number, which is a fundamental property used to identify elements. Neutrons are electrically neutral subatomic particles also located in the nucleus of an atom. They do not carry any charge, so their relative charge is 0. Neutrons have a mass similar to protons, approximately 1 amu. Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles that orbit the nucleus in specific energy levels, or electron shells. 

Hence, electron is correct option . So, option C is correct.

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Answer:

The 6th Mass Extinction is the current mass extinction event of the Holocene era.

The 6th extinction differs with the last five in terms of the cause. The last 5 extinction events all had natural causes, with species killed either by climate change or by natural disasters such as volcanic eruptions.

Explanation:

Before we elaborate the 6th extinction, it is important to understand the meaning of mass extinction and why it takes place.

Mass Extinction:

A mass extinction is a time period in which a large number of living species go extinct.

The Earth has gone through 5 major extinction events. Lets analyse how their cause differs from the 6th extinction.

Answer:

The process is called freezing.

Explanation:

The process in which matter changing from the liquid to the solid state is called Freezing. Generally the freezing point of liquid like  water is 32°F or 0°C. Freezing is just the opposite of melting in which a solid melted to liquid. different liquid has different freezing point. the freezing point of liquid nitrogen at a pressure of one atmosphere is -345.8°F.

Final answer:

The process where matter changes from a liquid to a solid state is called freezing, occurring when heat is removed from a liquid, causing its particles to slow down and solidify.

Explanation:

The process of matter changing from the liquid to the solid state is known as freezing. This occurs when heat is removed from a substance, causing its particles to slow down and come closer together until the liquid becomes a solid. This transition is an example of a phase change, more specifically, it is one of the six common phase changes between the three states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas.

During freezing, the heat energy is subtracted from the liquid which decreases the motion of the particles. When the temperature reaches the substance's freezing point, the molecules have slowed sufficiently to arrange into a fixed, orderly structure, resulting in a solid. The freezing point is an important physical property and is specific to the substance being frozen. Examples include water freezing at 0 degrees Celsius or 32 degrees Fahrenheit to become ice.

The branching points on the evolutionary tree of animals are marked by significant changes, including the evolution or loss of traits. These include the appearance of legs or the amniotic egg, the number of heart chambers, body symmetry, and other developmental characteristics. The branches' length doesn't signify the amount of evolutionary change.

The main features marking the branching points on the evolutionary tree of animals, also known as the phylogenetic tree, are significant character changes, including the evolution of new traits and the loss of old ones. For instance, the branch point that diverges mammals and reptiles from the frog lineage is marked by the evolution of the amniotic egg. Similarly, the branch point that gave rise to organisms with legs is found at the common ancestor of mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and jawed fishes.

The branch points and branches in a phylogenetic tree represent evolutionary change. For example, the number of heart chambers in animals can change due to evolution and this is reflected on the evolutionary tree. Additionally, other key features such as body plan symmetry, number of germ tissue layers, and developmental characteristics like the presence or absence of an internal body cavity are used to determine branching points on the evolutionary tree.

Phylogenetic trees and cladograms can illustrate such changes derived due to evolution. However, the length of the branches on the evolutionary tree should not be mistaken as an indicator of the amount of evolutionary change between organisms.

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Answer:

The earth is a closed system because only energy is naturally transferred outside the atmosphere.

Explanation:

All systems inside the Earth, on the other hand, are open systems as both energy and matter can be transferred between the systems and their surroundings.

Answer:

True

Explanation: As mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell it produces ATPs which are responsible for muscle cell functioning

Answer:

Human immune system has two types of immune response-; Specific immune response and non specific immune response.

Explanation:

                                Human immune response

The response of  body caused by immunity to a particular antigen or pathogen.   there are two types of immune responses-

INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE- This is the non specific immune response. This is present in all organisms by birth. No specificity is required.Examples-

Immunity transferred by mother to her baby from colostrum,

First line of defence like skin,

Non specific immune response is always present naturally. This is always ready to fight with any infection. Neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils and macrophages are cells which give immune response without any specific training. The first response after infection is fever, inflammation etc caused by non specific response.

ACQUIRED IMMUNE RESPONSE- Also known as adaptive response or specific response. Which is acquired by individual in his life. It is triggered by antigen and as response body produce specific cells

In this immunity, body produce MEMORY CELLS, so whenever in future that particular antigen exposed to the body it gives quick response against that antigen.

There are B and T LYMPHOCYTES which perform this response. B lymphocytes are cells produce antibodies  these are IgA, IgD,IgE,IgG, and IgM. These cells target antigens and kill them in very specific manner.

Answer:

warm air blows toward the equator , and cold air displaces this warm air near the polar regions.

Explanation:

Answer: The Coriolis force bends the air current

Explanation: The full question is The diagram shows warm air blowing toward the equator. Which causes the air current to curve

Answer:

It can make the resistant insect live and to produce more insects through reproduction.  This will happen if a pesticide is used on an insect population but only kills 98% of insects

Explanation:

Pesticides are chemicals used to kill the population of insects attacking the crops plants and household things. 98% of insects are killed by pesticides because they do not have the gene of resistance which disables them to survive. Some of the insects have resistant genes which helps them in surviving and reproducing more insects.

The number of these insects’ increases through reproduction. Some will be pesticides of "contact" that kill when the organism falls into direct interaction.  Some are "systemic" and it will be embedded into the molecular structure of a plant. Once they bite the crop, they destroy them and consume the chemical pesticide.