This problem performs elliptic curve encryption/decryption using the scheme out-
lined in Section 10.4. The cryptosystem parameters are E11(1,6) and G = (2,7). B's
secret key is nb = 3. (Hint: Note the relationship of this system to the one discussed in
the previous question (10.14)]
a. Find B's public key PB.
b. A wishes to encrypt the message Pm = (10,9) and chooses the random value
k = 4. Determine the ciphertext Cm.
c. Show the calculation by which В recovers Pm from Cm.
(10.14----> for E11(1,6) consider the point G=(2,7). compute the multiple of G from 2G through 13G.)
Answers
Answer:
Following is the solution fr the question step by step:
a. PB = (7,2)
b. Cm = {(8,3), (10,2)}
c. Pm= (10,9)
Explanation:
I hope it will help you!
(a)
The formula:
→ [tex]P_B = n_B\times G[/tex]
By substituting the values, we get
[tex]= 7\times (2.7)[/tex]
[tex]= (7,2)[/tex]
(b)
As we know,
The cipher text will be:
→ [tex]C_m = {\left\{ kG, P_m+kP_B \right \}}[/tex]
By putting the values,
[tex]=\left \{ {3(2,7), (10,9)+3(7,2)} \right \}[/tex]
[tex]= \left \{ (8,3),(10,2) \right \}[/tex]
(c)
B Recovers will be:
→ [tex]P_m = \left \{ kP-b-n_b(kG,P_m) \right \}[/tex]
[tex]= (10,2)-7(8,3)[/tex]
[tex]= (10,2)-(3,5)[/tex]
[tex]= (10,2)+(3,6)[/tex]
[tex]= (10,9)[/tex]
Thus the above responses is correct.
Learn more about cipher text here:
https://brainly.com/question/18426927
Related Questions
The 5 basic rules (also called conventions) for naming files and folders are:
Answers
The 5 basic rules (also called conventions) for naming files and folders:
To name the folder or files in the computer or desktop or laptop it should be a meaningful file or folder name conversation. Some operating systems even it while keeping files name as upper case and lower-case managed separately.
In case if the end-user creates a meaningless folder and filename or folder name then the purpose of creating folder and file names is defeated.
1. Naming folder or file name should be meaningful
2. Possible to have prefix or suffix day, month or year
3. No spaces are allowed
4. Possible to use delimiter words such as – extra
5. Folder or filename should be short
Some operating systems limits to 8 character limitations
To keep files and folders organized, use descriptive names, avoid special characters, keep names short, use a consistent format, and include versioning information. This makes it easier to understand and locate content without confusion.
Basic Rules for Naming Files and Folders
Naming files and folders properly is crucial for organization and ease of access. Here are five basic rules to follow when naming files and folders:
Use Descriptive Names: Make sure the names are descriptive enough to understand the content without opening the file or folder. For example, use 'Biology_Notes_Chapter_5' instead of just 'Notes'.Avoid Special Characters: Do not use characters like \, /, :, *, ?, ", <, >, | as they can interfere with file systems. Stick to letters, numbers, underscores, and hyphens.Keep It Short: While being descriptive, keeping the name concise helps in avoiding long paths which can be cumbersome. For example, prefer 'Report_2023' over 'Annual_Financial_Report_for_Fiscal_Year_2023'.Use Consistent Format: Be consistent in the naming convention you choose. For instance, if you use underscores to separate words, always use underscores instead of mixing them with spaces or hyphens.Use Versioning: If the file or folder goes through different versions, include version numbers or dates in the names. For example, 'Project_Plan_v2' or 'Project_Plan_2023_09_15'.By following these rules, you can ensure your files and folders are well-organized and easily accessible.
Which statement best describes a scientific theory?
A. It is supported by many different experiments.
B. It is considered false until proven true.
C. It is true and can never be changed.
D. It is an educated guess that requires no testing.
This is for apex learning
Answers
Answer:
It is supported by many different experiments.
Explanation:
Scientific theory is based on different experiments and tested in different situations and environment will all aspects. If the experiment finds true then observations will become theory. It can be changed in future if it does not meet the newly proposed conditions. But It does not means that, every theory can be changed.
A DVD-Audio disc uses 96 KHz sampling at a 24-bit depth for 6 channels (full surround 5.1).
What is the bit rate for this disc?
How much storage space will be required for 1 hour?
Answers
Answer:
Bit rate= frequency * bit depth * no. of channels
=96000 * 24 *6 =13824 kbps
storage space required per second= 13824 Kb
Storage space required per hour= 13824 *60*60
= 49766.4 Mb.
Explanation:
You need to understand the sampling rate first. Its the number of samples captured per second. The bit depth is the number of bits per sample. and the no. of channels is like 6 for 5.1 channels. The dolby digital is an example of 5.1 channel sound surround system and is quite extensively used to create the home theater. You fix the speakers to left, right, front back and so as mentioned. the sixth channel is for the sub woofer. Hence, the above formula.
During spring in Colorado, ice on the mountain tops melts into water. Some of this water gets trapped in cracks in the mountain rocks. With winter, the water in the cracks refreezes into ice. When water freezes, it expands. This often will cause the cracks in the rocks to grow, and eventually, pieces of rock break off. What type of weathering is taking place?
A.
chemical
B.
biological
C.
physical
D.
specific heat
Answers
Answer: physical (a)
Explanation:
i just got this question on Study Island
Please draw a diagram of a complete graph with 5 vertices (K5), its adjacency matrix and adjacency list representations.
Answers
Answer:
Please check the attachment.
Explanation:
The adjacency matrix comprises of nodes as rows and columns. The entry is 0 if the node is not linked to the node, and 1 if linked.
The adjacency list representation is the list with nodes and linked nodes being mentioned. Rest of the nodes are not being mentioned.
And accordingly, the details are in the attachment.
PLZ HELP MARK BRAINLIEST AND 100 POINTS PLZZZZ. What are the advantages and disadvantages of top-down and bottom-up programming? How would you decide which one to use? Do you approach problems in your real life from a bottom-up or top-down approach?
Answers
Answer:
Some people like bottom-up approaches and some like always top-down approaches. My preference is the top-down approach. Suppose a person is appointed at a lower grade, he has to work hard and it is almost by the end of his/her life that he/she reaches the top position. However, if we get higher studies, we know the whole process, and we can understand the most complex process at the start, and hence the lower-level process is easily understood by us quite easily as well.
You can think of any real-world problem. They are like the above. Hence, my preference is always a top-down approach.
Take the example of software development. The business development manager finds the project, but he has to report to the project manager, and the project prepares the feasibility report and submit it to the Program Manager, but this is not discussed with the board of directors at this stage. It's only delivered to that level if asked, or some risk occurs that is hard to cover financially. Else the program manager is considered the supreme. And once the order is passed by him/her, and he/she allocated to the project manager, then the project manager becomes supreme. And the further process is decided by him, and hence the top-down approach.
However, in some cases, test cases are made using the bottom approach like in unit testing. Hence, we cannot discard the bottom-up approach as well. Hence, both are equally important. We need to decide on behalf of cohesion and coupling, which to choose from the above. If modules are low in coupling and highly cohesive, we should go for bottom up approach, and if coupling is high and the modules are less cohesive, we should opt for top down approach. Low coupling means modules are almost independent, and dependent vice versa. And zero coupling means completely independent. Also, sometimes we have to work with less education as well as we might lack financially or sometimes it is accepted that through work experience we learn faster. And at times various do the work with even highly coupled modules. Hence, both are equally good.
Explanation:
Please check the answer.
Which of the following occurs when the amount of money earned is greater than the
amount of money spent?
Answers
Answer:
When this happens, there is a surplus of money and you can pay off your debts.
You have purchased an Apple desktop computer and want to set it up so that you can access your computer desktop when you are on the road. How might you do this?
Answers
Answer:
Via Remote desktop connection or device sharing via network.
Explanation:
We need to enable remote desktop connection on the Apple desktop, or we can enable device sharing with our iPhone or any device in fact. And then when we are on the move, we can connect with the Apple desktop through iPhone, or through any other Apple device or any in fact. Gone are those days when such facility was available with only Apple devices.
Amanda is short of funds to buy machinery for her new business. She approaches her friend, who works in a bank, for help. Amanda gets the
required funds after accepting the bank's terms and conditions. One of the conditions states that she needs to repay the amount in two years.
Which source of capital has Amanda received here?
A.bond
B. loan
C.equity share
D. preference share
Answers
Answer:
Option B: Loan
is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Loan or Working Capitals can be defined as the financial products that are organised by the financial institutions such as banks to offer help in business. The need for loan arises for the time which is taken by people to convert inventory into cash.
Similarly, Amanda's source capital is also loan as she has given the condition to return the loan amount within the period of 2 years.
On the other hand, bond and shares does not fall under this category.
I hope it will help you!Answer:
Loan (B)
Explanation:
I took the test and got it right!
must i but End if in this visual basic. 6 program
Sub main ( )
Dim i as integer, p as integer
P = 1
For i = 1 to 100
if ( 1 mod 4 = 0 ) then
p = p*i
Next i
MsgBox " الناتج هو " & p
End sub
Answers
You use end if only if the entire statement does not fit on one line.
So this format does not require end if:
If condition Then [ statements ]
And this one does:
If condition [ Then ]
[ statements ]
End If
I left out the else syntax for simplicity.
So the example program you gave will require an end if before the next i.
The expression in the if statement should be (i mod 4) rather than (1 mod 4). Typo?
Ann wants to create a bookmark. She should
1.visit the appropriate URL and select the Add Bookmark command
2.select the Internet Options command and enter the appropriate URL
3.enter the word, bookmark in the address bar
4.select the Add Bookmark command and type the appropriate URL
Answers
Answer:
visit the appropriate URL and select the Add bookmark command
Which of the following is not an advanced strategy you may use to help you conduct a search on the Internet?
1.trying a different search engine
2.entering keywords into a Web crawler
3.using a wild card in your search
4.doing a Boolean search
Answers
Answer:
Entering keywords into a Web crawler is not an advanced strategy you may use to help you conduct a search on the Internet.
Explanation:
Answer:
entering keywords into a Web crawler
Explanation:
trust me bro
29. If you want to select several icons that are right next to each other, you can click the
you hold down to select the last one (and all of the icons in between)?
A. WINDOWS.
B. ALT.
C. SHIFT.
D. CTRL.
Answers
Two Technicians are discussing Tire Fitment information.
Technician A says this provides vehicle specific specs
including inflation pressure, OEM tire size, and lug nut
torque. Technician B says this provides generic
information including tire rotation patterns, reading a
tire sidewall, and lug nut torque sequences. Who is
correct?
O
Technician Aonly
O
Technician
only
O
Both Technician A and Technician
O
Neither Technician A nor Technician B
Answers
Only technician A is correct.
Technician A only
Explanation:
According to technician A, tire fitment information provides specific specs of the vehicle including the inflation pressure, OEM tire size, and lug nut tire sequences. The class of vehicles is divided into a category of vehicles and these categories are further specialized to form different models. Each model has its own specifications and their requirements differ from one another.
Hence the tire fitment of each vehicle should convey specific information about the model in concern. For instance, the optimum inflation pressure of a Royal En field will not be the same as that of Hero Splendour as both have a huge difference in their respective weight and size.
After you clean an engine with hot water spray, it seems to stall; when it doesn't stall, it's idling noisily. Technician A says to check for loose bolts on the flex plate near the torque converter. Technician B says to wipe down the spark plug wires and the distributor cap. Who is correct? A. Technician A B. Both Technicians A and B C. Technician B
Answers
Final answer:
Technician A is correct. Loose bolts on the flex plate near the torque converter can cause an engine to stall or idle noisily after being cleaned with hot water spray.
Explanation:
Technician A is correct. When an engine stalls or idles noisily after being cleaned with hot water spray, it is likely due to loose bolts on the flex plate near the torque converter. These loose bolts can cause the engine to lose proper alignment and result in stalling or noisy idling.
Technician B's suggestion to wipe down the spark plug wires and the distributor cap is not applicable in this situation. While it is important to keep these components clean for proper engine performance, they wouldn't directly address the issue of stalling or noisy idling after cleaning with hot water spray.
Final answer:
Technician B is correct by suggesting to dry the spark plug wires and distributor cap, as they are likely to cause stalling and noisy idling if they become wet, which is a plausible issue after cleaning an engine with water.
Explanation:
When addressing the issue of an engine stalling or idling noisily after being cleaned with hot water spray, it's important to consider the advice of both Technician A and Technician B. Technician A suggests checking for loose bolts on the flex plate near the torque converter. While this could cause noise, it is less likely to be influenced by engine cleaning with water.
On the other hand, Technician B recommends drying the spark plug wires and the distributor cap, which is a more probable cause as moisture can disrupt the electrical systems necessary for a smooth engine operation. Therefore, in this scenario, C. Technician B is correct.
2
4.2.2 Quiz: Network Basics
Question 3 of 10
3 Points
What would be one duty of a network administrator?
O
A. Running a sales meeting
O
B. Installing a new light
O
C. Designing the computer network
O
D. Checking employee applications
SUBMIT
Answers
Out of the given options, the duty of a network administrator is designing the computer network.
C. Designing the computer network
Explanation:
The name is suggestive enough and clearly references the duties and responsibilities of the network administrator. The network administrator works around the designing, development, and maintenance of the computer network.
The network administrator manages the administration activities of the network rather than running a sales meeting or installing a new light or checking the employee applications which are completely irrelevant in accordance with the concerned post.
The network administrator also performs managerial functions for the staff working under him.
Answer:
c
Explanation:
c
The function of network switch is to _____.
A) direct traffic between computers
B) turn a computer on
C) arrange connected computers into subgroups
D) split connections
Answers
Answer:Its C.
Explanation:
Identify and describe the kind of trouble ticket system you would recommend in the following scenario hey small marketing firm does not anticipate much growth over the next 10 years in addition the company anticipate a steady stream of trouble tickets without any peaks
Answers
Answer:
There is no hesitation at all that the company is going through recession, and will for next 10 years. Hence, we need to be crystal clear with our budget for this company, and provide low cost solutions. The company requires trouble ticket system. The simplest can be a back-end service to store trouble ticket details, and with API like ticket check, cancellation on fraud and many such. However, the company can select the most important from this list as well, and leave the remaining, as software company is going to charge for this. Also. we can build a simple app for the company with APIs that we developed with good design, and we can make use of web socket programming to ensure client server communication, and data transfer. We can make use of the chatbots as well, and that is the cheapest definitely currently.
Explanation:
The answer is self explanatory.
At the turning the volume all the way up on your speakers you still cannot hear any sound which of the following should be your next step
Answers
1. see if it is plugged in all the way
2. see if you forgot to plug something into something (example)1. in to 1)
3. take it to a shop
Answer:
Place the speakers further from each other.
Explanation:
Sometimes the problem is not with the electronics. You need to understand that sound travels in waves. Waves are rope-like oscillations of energy. The energy is transported in "up and down" movements.
Waves from the speaker travel through the air medium. Sometimes, it happens that the waves meet at certain points. This creates zones of convergence resulting in a phenomenon called interference. Two types of interference can take place:
Constructive interference - this takes place when sound is magnified. The volume is louder.
Destructive interference - the waves cancel each other. Therefore, no sound comes off.
How do project goals affect project culture and management?
O
A. Project goals do not have an effect on project culture or
management styles.
O
B. The more risk and danger involved in a project, the less
management control is needed.
O
C. Projects with social goals do not require monitoring.
D. Some types of goals and tasks require stricter controls and more
procedures than others.
Answers
Project goals directly affect project culture and management. Some types of goals and tasks require stricter controls and more procedures than others.
D. Some types of goals and tasks require stricter controls and more procedures than others.
Explanation:
Project goals determine the end result that needs to be achieved. Project goals have a direct impact on determining the course of action and steps and activities to be done in order to achieve the end results and that too efficiently.
Different project goals have different approaches. For instance, if the goal of a project is to study the trend of behaviours of teenagers, then it will require a different approach and management as compared to a project whose goal is to study the diseases prominent in old age.
Answer:
some types of goals and tasks require stricter controls and more procedures than others
Explanation:
hacking should only be used on the
Answers
Answer:
any device
Explanation:
I would say that because you can code on any device if thats what you mean. There are websites for coding and they are below
The best websites to learn coding
Codecademy.Udemy.Pluralsight (Code School)Team Treehouse.freeCodeCamp.edX.Udacity.credit to mikkegoes . com
Answer:
No hacking
Explanation:
hacking is bad. >:(
A teacher who wants students to provide evidence to support an argument will most likely use
short answer or essay items.
matching items.
true/false items.
multiple choice items.
Answers
Answer:
A. Short answer or essay items
Explanation:
For students to clearly express their answers and evidence in a neat and summed up technique, most teachers will use this method of providing short answers or essay items
Jenny is preparing a presentation on the health statistics of the 10 most populated countries. She wants to apply a blinking effect to the names of the countries, and a motion effect between the exit and entry of every slide. Which options should she use? Jenny should use the (blank) option to apply a special blinking effect to the names of the countries and the (blank) option to apply a motion effect between the exit and entry of every slide.
A. Transition, animation, layout
B. Transition, animation, layout
Answers
Answer:
the correct answer for a is animation. for b. it is transition
Explanation:
a= animation because an animation causes something to move on a specific slide. for b it is a transition because this is like a animation but an animation of a whole slide as it moves from one slide to another.
Jenny should use option B: Transition, animation, layout. Transition for motion effects between slides and Animation for the blinking effect on country names.
1. **Transition**: Transitions control how slides move in and out during a presentation. To apply a motion effect between the exit and entry of every slide, Jenny should select appropriate transition effects. These effects determine how one slide transitions to the next, adding fluidity and engagement to the presentation. Options like "Fade," "Push," or "Slide" can create smooth transitions between slides, enhancing the overall flow of the presentation.
2. **Animation**: Animation effects are used to add movement to specific elements within slides. To apply a special blinking effect to the names of the countries, Jenny should utilize animation effects. She can select the text representing the countries and apply a blinking animation effect to make them stand out. Options like "Blink" or "Appear and disappear" can create the desired blinking effect, drawing attention to the country names and making them more visually engaging for the audience.
3. **Layout**: Layout refers to the arrangement of elements on a slide. While layout is important for organizing content, it doesn't directly address Jenny's requirements for applying a blinking effect to country names or motion effects between slides. Therefore, layout is not directly relevant to achieving these specific effects in her presentation.
In conclusion, Jenny should utilize the Transition and Animation options to achieve the desired effects in her presentation on the health statistics of the 10 most populated countries.
Alexis has six different pieces of jewelry to show and describe on a web page. Two are gold, and the rest are silver. Based on the principles of proximity, how would she display these pieces on her page?
A. She would separate each and provide some distance between
them
B. She would mix the pieces and keep them all close together
C. She would make two columns of jewelry with an equal number of
pieces in each
D. She would group the gold together, and the silver together
Answers
Answer:
She would group the gold together, and the silver together
Explanation:
APEX Verified
Alexis would group the gold together, and the silver displayed together pieces on her web page. Option D is correct.
What is the web page?A web page on the World Wide Web is defined as a hypertext document. A web server sends web pages to the user, who then sees them on a web browser.
A website is made up of several web pages connected by a common domain name. The term “web page” refers to a collection of paper pages that have been bound into a book.
Alexis has six distinct items of jewelry to display and discuss on a website in the scenario at hand. The remaining are silver, with two being gold. She would organize the gold and the silver according to the laws of proximity.
Therefore, option D is correct.
To learn more about the web page, refer to:
https://brainly.com/question/9060926
#SPJ2
What is one of the best ways to get reliable information
about a product?
Answers
Answer:
interesting question. Make sure to start with those trusted sources, and then look for any potential bias. Businesses often use .com for their sites, and in most cases, those sites are created to help them sell a product or service.
Explanation:
Hope it helps have a good day
Please draw a diagram of a complete graph with 5 vertices (K5), its adjacency matrix and adjacency list representations.
Answers
Answer:
Please check the attachment.
Explanation:
The adjacency matrix is the matrix that has nodes as rows and columns. The nodes if connected is stated as 1 or else 0. And the adjacency list representation is the list with nodes and connected nodes. The nodes that are not connected are not being listed. The diagram and list as well as matrix can be found in the attachment.
Preparing for jobs that are high in demand allow you to...
Focus your development of human capital on those careers
Increase the likelihood of getting a job
Be more attractive to employers in those fields
all of the above
Answers
Preparing for jobs that are high in demand allows an individual to focus their development of human capital on those careers.
Focus your development of human capital on those careers
Explanation:
As the demand for the job is high, there is no denying the fact that it will increase the likelihood of getting a job. It is a simple proportion, more the number of jobs, more are the chances of getting them.
Last but not least it will also allow an individual to be more attractive to employers in those fields. As an individual prepares for the job, they will acquire certain skills and knowledge that are capable of letting them being perceived as attractive.
How many different Roblox games were played in 2018?
A. 10 milion
B. 10,000
C. 34.4 billion
D. Roblox doesnt count how many games
Answers
Because they are so many people on this app that try developing games and launch some out and that is like close to impossible how many are made.
Answer:
Roblox doesn't count how many games ( D )
Explanation:
Roblox is an online game creation platform where users come and create games using Roblox proprietary engine Roblox studio.the games created by game developers ( users of Roblox ) is done using the programming language LUA which is an object oriented programming language. the game developed by a user can be sold through game passes made by the user through one time purchases, the developer gets paid in the form of Robux earned and the revenue generated by the sale of the game pass is split between the game developer ( roblox user ) and Roblox
there is currently over 100 million active subscribers ( developers ) on Roblox and this developers can develop as much games as possible so Roblox doesn't count how many games .
The repeated use of electronic communications, such as chat rooms and email, to seek out, harass, or frighten someone is called __________.
Answers
Answer:
CyberStalking
Explanation:
Stalking over the internet carried out . it target individuals or organisation to stalk and harass
Which of the following scenarios is most appropriate when shooting with continuous mode?
Answers
Answer:
Sporting events
Explanation: