Hominid brains today are larger and more complex than those six million years ago. The increase from less than 400 cc in early hominins to about 1400 cc in modern humans is due to factors like environmental pressures, diet changes, and competition for resources. This growth reflects significant evolutionary changes, including the development of more complex brain structures.
Hominid Brain Evolution
Today, hominid brains are larger and more complex than hominid brains six million years ago. During this time, our ancestors' brains have increased in size from a chimp-sized brain of less than 400 cubic centimeters in the earliest hominins to an average of approximately 1400 cubic centimeters seen in modern humans. This significant increase in brain volume, known as encephalization, came about in response to various factors, including environmental pressures and competition for resources. Fossils like Homo habilis and Homo erectus illustrate this growth in brain size and the accompanying changes in skull morphology such as a more rounded skull and less prognathic face. Additionally, there's a notable shift towards lateralization as seen in endocasts, suggesting a more developed cerebral cortex which correlates with increased intelligence and cultural adaption.
A fascinating aspect of this evolutionary process was the trade-off that took place: as the human diet shifted to higher quality foods, our gut could reduce in size, allowing for the brain to grow. This brain expansion had profound implications, such as the need for prolonged care of offspring due to increased altriciality. These changes collectively point towards an evolutionary trajectory that favoured the development of a larger and more intricate brain architecture in hominins over time.
what is the genotype of a heterozygous person with a cleft chin?
Answer:
Cc
Explanation:
A cleft chin is an example of a trait that is controlled by genetics. A cleft chin is when there is a dimple in the chin which arises when the two sides of the jaw don’t completely fuse together. Famous people with cleft chins are Henry Cavill, John Travolta and Niall Horan.
A cleft chin is generally thought to be a dominant trait. That means, if an individual carries one copy of the cleft chin gene (heterozygous), then they will display the trait.
There are three options: an individual can be homozygous dominant (CC), homozygous recessive (cc) or heterozygous (Cc). A heterozygous person will always have 2 different alleles (for any trait, not just cleft chin). In this case, a heterozygous person will have a cleft chin, because it is dominant. Therefore, an heterozygous person with a cleft chin will be Cc
Remember, the letter doesn't matter - they could also be denoted as Bb, Qq, Rr, Ff. The letter is arbitrary.
insulin is most directly related to which function
•movement
•feeding
•reproduction
•homeostasis
Answer:
Insulin is most directly related to homeostasis.
Explanation:
Homeostasis is the ability to maintain balance of body against a change in the environment. Insulin is a harmone which controls the glucose level in the blood. If the glucose level is high in the blood, the insulin gives message to the liver to absorb glucose from the blood and when glucose level is low, the liver released glucose into the blood. So insulin helps in the homeostasis of the body.
Answer:
The answer is D. Homeostasis
Explanation:
Given the information in the velocity vs. time graph, what is the displacement of the object after 1 second?
Answer:3m, 9m, 15m
Explanation:
Answer:
3, 9, 15
Explanation:
got it correct
all names for sex cells
Answer: Gametes, sperm and egg
Explanation: Gametes is the overall term for sex cells. Sperm is the male sex cell, and egg is the female sex cell.
what is mulch and give two materials that can be used as mulch
Answer:
mulch isnt really something itsself, if that makes sense.
Explanation:
A variety of materials are used as mulch: Organic residues: grass clippings, leaves, hay, straw, kitchen scraps comfrey, shredded bark, whole bark nuggets, sawdust, shells, woodchips, shredded newspaper, cardboard, wool, animal manure, etc.
3. Which of the following would an animal breeder use to increase the number of cows that give the
most milk?
a. overproduction
b. genetic isolation
d. artificial selection
Answer:
artificial selection
Explanation:
artificial selection means the same as selective breeding, selective breeding is where humans take two animals of the same breed and breed them for certain characteristics
Which of these is extinct?
a) Dodo bird b) Asiatic lion
c)Elephant d) Leopard
Answer:
A - dodo bird
Explanation:
Dodo bird : is an extinct flightless bird that was endemic to the island of Mauritius
Asiatic lion - is a panthera leo leo population in India
Elephant - are mammals of the family Elephantidae and the largest existing land animals
Leopard- is one of the five extant species in the genus panthera, a member of the folidae.
HELPPP‼️‼️
In most medical procedures, hazardous waste
is produced. This waste is usually burned,
which can release chemicals like mercury into
the air.
How could technology be best used to solve
this problem?
O A. Incinerate the waste in areas with low
populations.
O B. Reduce the number of medical
procedures performed.
O C. Store the waste underground instead of
burning it.
O D. Find a way to trap the mercury before it
is released.
Answer:
Its D
Explanation:
It's the only answer that would actually be a benefit
Finding a way to trap the mercury before it is released into the atmosphere could be the best technology which is used to solve this problem. Thus, the correct option is D.
What is the hazardous medical waste?Hazardous medical waste is anything which has the ability to affect humans in the various non-infectious ways. This waste can include things such as chemicals which are medical and industrial, old drugs, and sharp equipment such as needles, scalpels, lancets, etc.
The best technology which can be used should be finding a way to burn the hazardous medical waste without releasing chemicals in the nature. It could be that gases produced are passed through the filters to filter out all the hazardous substances out or other ways which can eliminate the hazardous chemicals.
Therefore, the correct option is D.
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1. Absolute ages are based on evidence from
a. key beds.
b. stratigraphy
c. index fossils.
d. radiometric dating.
1. A stem cell in an animal divides by mitosis.
Which statement is true about the two daughter
cells?
A. They each have identical functions.
B. They each have the same DNA sequences.
C. They are the same size and shape as their paren
cell.
D. They each have half as many chromosomes as
their parent cell.
what is the rock cycle
Answer: an idealized cycle of processes undergone by rocks in the earth's crust, involving igneous intrusion, uplift, erosion, transportation, deposition as sedimentary rock, metamorphism, remelting, and further igneous intrusion.
Explanation:
Chapter 23 Study Guide
23.1.1 What are the main tissue systems of plants?
What are the main tissue systems of plants?
Answer:
In plant anatomy, tissues are categorized broadly into three tissue systems: the epidermis, the ground tissue, and the vascular tissue. Epidermis - Cells forming the outer surface of the leaves and of the young plant body. Vascular tissue - The primary components of vascular tissue are the xylem and phloem.
The main tissue systems of plants are the dermal tissue system, the ground tissue system, and the vascular tissue system.
The dermal tissue system is the outermost layer of cells covering the plant's primary body. It includes the epidermis of leaves, young stems, and roots, and the periderm in woody stems and roots. Its primary functions are protection, control of water loss, and gas exchange.
The ground tissue system is composed of relatively unspecialized cells and is located between the dermal and vascular tissues. It is responsible for storage, photosynthesis, and support. Ground tissue includes parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma cells.
The vascular tissue system is made up of complex tissues that transport water, nutrients, and photosynthetic products throughout the plant. It consists of xylem, which transports water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant, and phloem, which transports sugars and other metabolic products from the leaves to other parts of the plant.
Each of these tissue systems plays a crucial role in the structure and function of plants, contributing to their growth, development, and survival.
According to the top-down (trophic cascade) model of community control, which
trohpic level would you decrease if you wanted to increase the vegetation level in a
community?
Answer:
Tertiary consumers
Explanation:
what is the function of the small intestine?
The small intestine is responsible for most chemical digestion and the absorption of nutrients. It uses villi and microvilli to greatly increase its surface area, allowing efficient transfer of nutrients into the bloodstream, subsequently heading to the liver for regulation and detoxification.
Explanation:The small intestine is a pivotal organ in the digestive system responsible for the chemical digestion of food and absorption of nutrients. It starts at the stomach and extends to the large intestine, measuring approximately 23 feet in length in adults. The interior of the small intestine features an expansive area created by structural adaptations like circular folds, villi, and microvilli that can compare to the size of a basketball court.
Primarily, the small intestine completes the digestion of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, facilitated by a variety of enzymes from both the pancreas and the intestine itself. Additionally, villi, which are finger-like projections, and microvilli that sit atop the villi, dramatically increase the surface area available for absorbing nutrients. These villi are essential in transporting the digested nutrients into tiny blood vessels and, subsequently, into the bloodstream. Once in the bloodstream, the nutrients are conveyed through the hepatic portal vein to the liver, where they are regulated and detoxified if necessary.
Cells are the basic units of life in living organisms. Which of the following components make up cells? A. atoms and molecules B. atoms and tissues C. tissues and organs D. molecules and organs
Answer:
Cells are the basic units of life in living organisms. Which of the following components make up cells?
Atoms and molecules
Explanation:
All cells are made up of organelles and the smallest part of it makes it an atom while formation of two or more atom makes up a molecule. Every living cell compose of both atom and molecule
Yo sup??
the correct answer is option A ie
atoms and molecules
these are said to be elementary particles which form other things and were once said to be indivisible.
Hope this helps
What evidence did Darwin use to support his theory of evolution? Check all that apply.
Answer: Please clarify the answer choices
How was NASA developed?
Answer:
NASA is a U.S goverment acengy. It is responsible for sciecne and technology realted to air and space.
Explanation:
NASA opened for on October ,19.58. The agency was created oversee U.S space exploritation and areonautics research.
NASA stand for (National Aeronautics and Space Administration.)
Geneva was walking on the beach on a crisp November morning when a cool wind came her way. How would Geneva’s body respond to maintain homeostasis?
Answer:starts to shiver
Explanation:
One way that Geneva’s body respond to maintenance of homeostasis is to begin to shiver to produce heat.
Thermal control of the bodyThe body has a normal temperature of about 37 degrees centigrade. This temperature must be maintained at all times hence when the atmosphere is very cold, the body has to devise a means to maintain heat.
In this regard, a process by which Geneva’s body responds to maintaining homeostasis is to begin to shiver to produce heat.
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What is the function
of the stem on a plant?
Generalizations, explanations of natural phenomena, and additional hypotheses most often come about as a result of
The explanations of natural phenomena, and additional hypothesis most often come about as a result of a scientific theory.
Explanation:
Scientific theory is a general explanation of natural phenomena developed through extensive and reproducible observations, more general and reliable than a hypothesis.
Then Every scientific theory starts as a hypothesis. A scientific hypothesis is a solution for an unexplained occurrence that does not fit into a currently accepted scientific theory. It must be based on careful rational examination of the facts.
Why do you think Linnaeus did not include classification kingdoms for categories of archaea and bacteria?
Answer: Linneaus used the question is it Animal Mineral or plant to classify? Even though Leeuwenhoek had discovered bacteria it wasn't really known that thats what they were. Archaea was definitely not discovered until much later
Explanation:
The Linnaean classification system was given in 1700s and it is based on similarities in obvious physical traits such as for plant and animal kingdom.
Bacteria and archaea were not discovered at that time.
The Linnaean classification systemThis classification system was given by Carolus Linnaeus in 1700s.
It consists of a hierarchy of grouping called taxa. Taxa ranges from kingdom to species.
Kingdom was the broadest and most inclusive grouping. This classification is based on similarities in physical properties.
At that time archaea and bacteria were not discovered and the three domain classification system was given later by Carl Woese in 1990.
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How does the cell move materials across its membrane in order to keep its internal environment constant?
Answer:
Water, carbon dioxide, and oxygen are among the few simple molecules that can cross the cell membrane by diffusion (or a type of diffusion known as osmosis ). Diffusion is one principle method of movement of substances within cells, as well as the method for essential small molecules to cross the cell membrane
Various materials move across the cell membrane via diffusion in order to keep its internal environment constant. Cell transport can be energy-dependent or energy independent.
What is Cell transport?Cell transport is the movement of materials across the plasma membrane. Cell transport includes two types of transport such as passive and active transport. Passive mode of transport does not require energy whereas active mode of transport requires energy (ATP) to proceed the movement of molecules. Passive transport proceeds through diffusion, facilitated diffusion and osmosis.
Diffusion is the movement of materials across the plasma membrane from the region of their high concentration to the region of low concentration. This movement does not require energy as concentration gradient favors the movement of molecules.
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In order to keep the soil fertile, farmers often change the crop that is grown in a field every two to three years. What is this process called?
A.
sharecropping
B.
crop conservation
C.
organic farming
D.
crop rotation
Answer:
Crop rotation
Explanation:
It is done so that the soil of farms is not used for only one set of nutrients. It helps in reducing soil erosion and increases soil fertility and crop yield.
There are various hypotheses as to the origin of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Because all cells are similar in nature, it is thought that all cells came from a common ancestor cell called the last universal common ancestor or LUCA. The LUCAs evolved into three different cell types, each representing a domain in the modern system of classification. The three domains are the Archaea, the Bacteria, and the Eukarya. We know that all three domains are cellular in nature, but they have one other feature in common. And this second common feature helped provide the biochemical evidence to support this newest step in classification. Cite the evidence utilized in this classification scheme.
Answer: D
Explanation: took the usatestprep quiz
There are three domains of life-based, in which organisms can be classified on the basis of differences in the sequences of nucleotides in the cell's ribosomal RNA.
What is ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?Ribosomal RNA is a type of noncoding RNA that is present in all living organisms, it is a site of synthesis of protein.
During protein synthesis, the ribosome acts as a catalytic enzyme for the synthesis of the polypeptide chains. To observe variation in rRNA sequences, it is possible to differentiate organisms on just about the species level and trace evolutionary relationships.
These variations suggest that all cells originate from a common ancestor cell called the last universal common ancestor or LUCA.
Therefore, three domains of life are classified on the basis of differences in the rRNA sequence.
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Enzymes are sensitive to pH and temperature. If an enzyme’s environment is too hot, the enzyme cannot
Temperature and pH levels have critical roles in enzyme activity; high temperatures and extreme pH levels can cause denaturation, affecting their ability to bind to substrates and catalyze reactions.
Explanation:Enzymes, which are biological catalysts, are highly sensitive to changes in temperature and pH. At high temperatures, the delicate balance of chemical bonds within the enzyme's active site is disrupted, leading to denaturation, which is an irreversible loss of structure and function. This process affects the enzyme's ability to bind to its substrate and catalyze reactions efficiently. Similarly, the pH level affects enzyme activity. Each enzyme is adapted to an optimal pH range, and exposure to extreme pH levels can also result in denaturation. For example, gastric protease requires an acidic environment to function but is inactivated in the alkaline medium of the small intestine to prevent damage.
Which product is typically made using hardwood?
O
A. Plywood shed
O
B. Utility pole
O
C. Fencing
O
D. Flooring
Answer:
D. Flooring
Explanation:
Answer:
D. Flooring is the Answer here.
Explanation:
Flooring is the answer here however in reality all are hardwoods except for plywood sheds is hardwood. Reason being is hardwood tends to last longer so utility poles are made from them Fencing depending on location you live but do it its ability to last fences are made from it. and yes, flooring as we have all herd of how nice hardwood floors are, for the same reason it's used for everything else. A great many things are made from hard wood but make no mistake this answer is (D) flooring. this question is to slip you up.
One major difference between members of domain eukarya and members of domain archea is that members of domain eukarya
0
are all single-celled, while members of archea are multi-celled.
have cell nucleuses, while members of archea do not.
are autotrophs, while members of archea are heterotrophs.
All of these choices are correct.
Answer:
have cell nuclei while members of archaea do not
Which of the following is an example of a keystone species? (select all that 2 points
apply) *
Beavers: Beavers are considered habitat engineers because they change the
environment by building dams. This dam building provides still water in which many
species flourish.
Mountain Lions: These predators cover large areas and influence many species. Their
prey will alter where they eat and live because of the mountain lion. Scavengers are
also affected by the mountain lion's activity.
Bees: By pollinating plants, bees contribute to their survival. The plants are shelter for
insects, which are then eaten by other species, like birds.
Wolves: Being a top predator, wolves are important in many habitats. Wolves keep
deer populations in check and too many deer will eat small trees, which leads to fewer
trees. In turn, there would be fewer birds and beavers and the whole ecosystem would
change.
Keystone species control the dynamic of communities and ecosystemic structure. All the provided options are examples of keystone species.
What is a keystone species?Keystone species are organisms that play a significant role in the population's dynamics. If removed, there would be catastrophic effects on the ecosystem.
Keystone species can,
Control the size of other species' populationsModify a community structureExert an up-down effect at lower trophic levels. In this way, they provide essential resources.Prevent dominant species from monopolizing ecosystems.
Identifying keystone species turn out to be highly used to recover degraded ecosystems.
There are four main types of keystone species. These are,
Predators. Top predators, like mountain lions and wolves, control all other species in the trophic chain, even plant species. For instance, they control herbivore species and impede them to over-predate on plant species.Mutualists. These species benefit other species by being associated. For instance, many plant species depend on bees to pollinate them and get to reproduce. Many animal species and man depends on bees to get a source of food.
Ecosystemic engineers. These species modify the environment and cause changes in the whole ecosystem. This is the case of beavers that cut down trees to construct their shelters modifying the area and affecting other forms of life.Herbivores. They feed on plants and get to control their population sizes. Depending on the type of plants they feed on, they can affect positively or negatively the ecosystems.
All the provided options are examples of keystone species.
Beavers are ecosystemic engineersMountain Lions are top predatorsBees are mutualistsWolves are top predatorsYou can learn more about keystone species at
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PLEASE I NEED HELP ASAP!!!!!!!!!!!!!! WORTH 45 POINTS AND WILL MARK BRAINLIEST ANSWER
You have just been hired by the Climates-R-Us travel agency. This agency specializes on putting together vacations to the various climates around the world. You have been assigned to develop a presentation on one of the six types of climates. This presentation will then be shown as a way to sell the vacations. Choose one of the six types of climates and create a presentation on the climate you choose. Tropical Climate Dry Climate Mild Climate Continental Climate Polar Climate Mountain Areas Your presentation must include: A description of the climate. Describe the type of weather during the summer and winter that one might expect in this climate. A discussion about how the altitude, distance from the ocean, amount of sunlight, distance from the equator, and ocean currents affect this climate. A location of the climate. Describe and provide pictures of a specific place in the world where the climate can be found. You can search the web to find locations and pictures of your climate. A sales pitch of why someone would want to vacation in this climate rather than in another climate. In your sales pitch, please include: Why this climate is better than the others for a vacation. Two possible activities for the people to do in this climate. Keep in mind that your activities must match the climate you have chosen. Someone would not go skiing in a tropical climate nor would they go to the beach in a polar climate. You can use any of the following ways to present your climate vacation presentation: Create a PowerPoint presentation Create a travel brochure Create a Web page
Tropical dry Climate: The weather is sunny pretty much all year. The ocean + the sun allows a tropical place to be great for growing food. Things such as coconuts and mangoes can be found. Its a great place to vacate because of the sunny climate, also clients will fall in LOVE with the warm beaches. Some activities would be to surf, sunbathe, and study the natural habitat. The animals are also very interesting. Monkeys and chameleons would be great temporary pets to take care of.
2. The following list identifies some adaptations in a beaver which allow it to survive in its environment. Identify each
adaptation as structural, physiological, or behavioral and describe its survival advantage:
(a) Large front teeth: -
(b) Lodge built in middle of pond:
(c) Oil secreting glands in skin:
3. (a) What restricts the amount of time diving animals can spend underwater?
(b) How does reducing heart rate during a dive enable animals to stay underwater longer?
Answer:
The following list identifies some adaptations in a beaver which allow it to survive in its environment. Identify each adaptation as structural, physiological, or behavioral and describe its survival advantage:
(a) Large front teeth: structural adaptation-
(b) Lodge built in middle of pond: survival advantage
(c) Oil secreting glands in skin: physiological
3. (a) What restricts the amount of time diving animals can spend underwater?
The temperature of water determines that
(b) How does reducing heart rate during a dive enable animals to stay underwater longer?
Explanation:
Question 3
a) Lack of oxygen and pressure.
b) Helps the animals maintain adequate oxygen.