This question is incomplete, here´s the complete question.
Wei-Chin designed a self-report inventory to measure how intimate partners express affection and hostility toward each other. The inventory is a list of positive behaviors (e.g., back rubs, holding hands) and negative behaviors (e.g., slamming doors, raising voices). After having a wide range of couples complete the inventory, Wei-Chin finds that happy couples endorse all the affection items and unhappy couples endorse all the hostile items. Which of the following problems prevents him from concluding that happy couples exchange more affectionate behaviors than unhappy couples?
1. sentiment override
2. item-overlap problem
3. correlation does not imply causation
4. social desirability effect
Answer: 3. Correlation does not imply causation.
Explanation:
Correlation is a statistical technique that evaluates how much two variables are linearly related, meaning they change together. However, two variables being correlated does not necessarily mean that one causes the other. Causation states that any change in a variable will cause a change in another variable.
The fact that happy couples endorsed all the positive behaviors, and unhappy couples the negative ones, shows that there´s a correlation, but it doesn't necessarily mean that unhappiness causes couples to exchange more negative behaviors, or vice-versa.
describe development as primarily unconscious and heavily colored by emotion.
Answer:
psychoanalytic theories
Explanation:
Psychoanalytic theories describe development as primarily unconscious and heavily colored by emotion.
The period of the "five good emperors" was characterized by
Select one:
A. dynastic succession within the royal line.
B. stability and prosperity.
C. the establishment of Christianity as the state religion.
D. more democratic institutions.
E. violent succession.
Answer:B
Explanation:
During the five good emperor they were known for bringing peace, stability and prosperity and also adopting of one's heir to the throne
Answer:
The answer is B): stability and prosperity.
Explanation:
The period of the “five good emperors” (Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius)—who did not rule successively as heirs of a bloodline, but as adopted heirs in the Roman Empire—was characterized by stability and prosperity.
____________grew out of an attempt to explain the inconsistent findings about traits and styles. Situational theories propose that the effectiveness of a particular style of leader behavior depends on the situation. As situations change, different styles become appropriate. This exercise involves examining situational theories of leadership. In this activity, you are asked to match effective leader behaviors with examples of these behaviors.
Answer:
The correct answer is:
Robert House's Path-Goal theory
Explanation:
This theory was proposed by Robert House in 1971 in his paper A Path-Goal Theory of Leader Effectiveness, in which he proposes that the main role of a good leader is to motivate the whole group by different techniques according to the situation. According to House, there are some cases in which it is better to focus on the leader's purposes and sometimes it is better to focus on the groups' purposes. According to this concept, he classified the different situations as:
1 - democratic - motivation of the group due to the crew's goals
2 - autocratic - motivation of the group because of the leader's goals
3 - Laissez-faire - the leader is not interested in making efforts towards the goals, he just let the circumstances to go on.
Delmar believes that he has been sent to earth to save mankind. He believes that women are evil and that any male who speaks to a female is doomed to be a slave. He often tells people of his grand plan to save males from the influence of females. Nothing one says or does can convince him that his ideas are absurd. Delmar's behavior best exemplifies _____.
Answer:
The correct answer is:
Delusional disorder
Explanation:
Delusional or paranoid disorder is a medical condition in which the patient has some beliefs based in an illusion or an idea that is not part of the real world. This kind of mental illness can cause a confusion of the chain of events in which the person cannot distinguish exactly what is real from what is not. In some cases, the perceptions of reality may be combined with imaginary events or it may also be that the events are exaggerated by the person's mind.
Ms. Valentino could tell from the first day of school that Javier was going to be one of her struggling Latino students. He came to school wearing worn clothes. No parent accompanied him, and he acted withdrawn and shy. By the end of the first grading period, she confirmed her impressions. Javier's grades were low. This scenario most likely illustrates:
a. differentiation.
b. the Pygmalion effect.
c. a self-fulfilling prophecy.
d. a sustaining expectation.
Answer:
The answer is c): a self-fulfilling prophecy
Explanation :
The scenario most likely illustrates a self-fulfilling prophecy because, the prediction or expectation of Ms. Valentino had regarding Javier (i.e., Javier was going to be one of her struggling Latino students), actually came to pass, just the way she felt about it. Her feelings or beliefs were based on prior knowledge she had about Javier’s actions and attitude. Based on Ms. Valentino’s assessment of Javier, she had an expectation about him, and which came to pass—a self-fulfilling prophecy. Self-fulfilling prophecies come to pass, depending on the strength of certain situations that eventually lead to their occurrence.
The scenario with Ms. Valentino and Javier is an example of a self-fulfilling prophecy, where teacher expectations influence student performance. Research has shown this effect to be particularly significant among disadvantaged students.
Explanation:The scenario described illustrates c. a self-fulfilling prophecy. This is when a teacher's initial expectations about a student's performance may unconsciously influence their behavior towards the student, which in turn can affect the student's performance, confirming the original expectations. The story of Ms. Valentino and Javier exemplifies this effect, where the teacher's early judgment based on Javier's appearance and behavior might have influenced her interaction with him, potentially contributing to his low grades. Rosenthal and Jacobson (1968) found that teacher expectations can have a significant impact on student performance, particularly for disadvantaged students. This highlights a larger issue within education systems that tend to favor students from higher socioeconomic backgrounds.
Which of the following statements about cognitive mapping is correct?
The research on cognitive mapping is generally high in ecological validity.
Answer:
The research on cognitive mapping is generally high in ecological validity.
To ensure that a study is ethical, the plan for the research must be approved ahead of time by the _____.
Group of answer choices
A. International Research Body
B. Instructional Resources Board
C. Institutional Review Board
D. Institutional Research Board
According to dependency theory, how does exploitation continue in postcolonial countries?
A. through taxes that are paid in higher proportion by poor residents
B. through the false promise of social mobility
C. through multinational corporations that reap profits from cheap labor
D. through oppressive rulers who limit freedom of speech
Answer:
The correct answer is:
C. through multinational corporations that reap profits from cheap labor
Explanation:
The dependence theory explains how nowadays, the low income countries depend economically on high-income countries, who normally buy their raw material in these third world countries, in order to convert it into primary manufactured products that will be sold again to low-income countries.
Taking into account this chain explained by the dependence theory, it is kind of impossible to get out this circle; unless the country, the entire nation made drastic changes in its organization and way of operation to completely change its economic model. That is the reason why, exploitation will continue as a way of operation in postcolonial countries.
Two strategies related to the positive reinforcement function are especially effective together: 1) extinction of challenging behavior, and 2) reinforcement of specific types of appropriate replacement behavior. The second strategy involves identifying the appropriate behavior that will replace the challenging behavior and providing reinforcement contingent on the occurrence of that replacement behavior. Which term is used to describe the second strategy?a. discriminative reinforcement.b. differential reinforcement.c. nondifferentiated reinforcement.d. noncontingent reinforcement.
Answer:
The answer is B- Differential Reinforcement
Explanation:
Differential reinforcement is also called Alternative Behavior, it is method used to reduce problem behaviors or getting rid of undesirable behavior by using positive reinforcement in a structured manner to increase the desirable. Differential reinforcement is used to increase appropriate behavior. Undesirable behavior can be reduced through ethical, reinforcement based methods first.
Differential reinforcement is the term used to reinforce appropriate replacement behaviour to eliminate challenging behaviours.
Differential reinforcement is the term used to describe the second strategy of reinforcing specific types of appropriate replacement behaviour to eliminate challenging behaviours.
If a counselor is asked to disclose privileged information about a client who cannot be located, then the obligation to assert the privilege rests with ____.
Answer: The obligation to assert the privilege rests with the COUNSELOR
Explanation: A counselor is a professional that advises people especially on personal problems. In order to be able to advise people effectively, a lot of personal information will be given away by the client to the counselor. Usually it is expected that this remains between the client and the counselor.
If a counselor is asked to provide privileged information about a client, it is solely up to the counselor to oblige.
Twin studies suggest that a strong influence on emotional stability comes from:________
Answer:
The answer is- genetic predisposition
Explanation:
The correct question should be "twin studies suggest that a strong influence on emotional instability comes from____"
Twin studies suggest that a strong influence on emotional instability comes from genetic predisposition.
Twin studies are studies which are conducted on identical or fraternal twins and they aim to reveal the importance of environmental and genetic influences for trait phenotypes and disorders.
Genetic predisposition is an increased likelihood of developing a particular disease or trait based on a person's genetic makeup. It results from specific genetic variations which are often inherited from a parent. It influences possible phenotypic development of an individual organism within a species or population under the influence of environmental conditions.
Therefore a strong influence on emotional instability in twins come from genetic predisposition
Twin studies, particularly the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart, demonstrate that genetics play a significant role in determining emotional stability, as identical twins show similar personality traits regardless of their upbringing.
Explanation:Twin studies suggest that a strong influence on emotional stability comes from genetics. The renowned Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart demonstrated that identical twins have very similar personalities whether they were raised together or separately. This includes traits such as a sense of well-being and resistance to stress, which contribute to an individual's emotional stability. The study highlighted the significant role of heritability in personality traits, indicating that genetics could account for more than 50% of the variation in these characteristics.
Learn more about Twin Studies and Emotional Stability here:https://brainly.com/question/14327499
#SPJ12
Which of the following statements is incorrect? Group of answer choices
a. In aggressive cultures, supportive, cooperative behaviors are not rewarded.
b. In people-oriented cultures, supportive, cooperative behaviors are rewarded.
c. In team-oriented cultures, supportive, cooperative behaviors are rewarded.
d. In aggressive cultures, supportive, cooperative behaviors are rewarded.
Answer:
The correct answer is:
d. In aggressive cultures, supportive, cooperative behaviors are rewarded.
Explanation:
In the different kinds of organizational cultures, it is possible to talk about the aggressive cultures that normally involve high competition behavior in which the social responsibility of the projects stays a little out of the main objectives of the organization. Therefore, it is possible to notice that in this kind of organizational culture the supportive and cooperative behaviors are not rewarded Just for the fact of being so; what it is most relevant in this case is the fact of being able to achieve the objectives.
Muslim toleration of "People of the Book" includes Select one: a. Sumerians. b. Greeks. c. literate individuals. d. Saracens. e. Christians.
Muslim toleration of "People of the Book" includes Christians (e).
Muslims called Jews and Christians "People of the Book" in reference to their respective holy Scriptures (the Torah and the Bible/Gospels). Believing that Allah had manifested Himself to Jewish and Christian prophets such as Abraham, Moses, and Jesus, Muslims respected these groups more than the non-believers and allowed them to practice their teachings.
According to developmental theory, criminal opportunity and apprehension risk are __________ factors that can explain the onset and continuation of criminality.
Answer:
I think situational factors
Explanation:
Criminal opportunity and apprehension risk are external factors in developmental theory explaining criminal behavior, influenced by social and economic conditions such as poverty and weak social ties that lower the costs of criminal activity and the perceived risk of apprehension.
Explanation:According to developmental theory, criminal opportunity and apprehension risk are external factors that can explain the onset and continuation of criminality. These factors are grounded in economic and sociological perspectives on crime, emphasizing how social and environmental conditions influence criminal behavior.
For instance, in the context of social disorganization theory, if an individual is raised in an impoverished area with limited economic opportunities and social controls, they are more likely to engage in deviant behavior. This is due to the perceived low opportunity costs associated with crime, especially when legal economic opportunities are scarce or poorly rewarded. Furthermore, if the perceived risk of apprehension is low, this can also contribute to the decision to pursue criminal activities.
Furthermore, control theory emphasizes the importance of social bonds and their role in preventing crime. Those with strong attachments to their community and a greater investment in conforming to social norms are less inclined to engage in criminal activities. By strengthening community ties and improving the economic conditions of disadvantaged areas, public policy can potentially reduce crime rates.
Why did Hermann Ebbinghaus make up nonsense syllables for his memory studies? Select one: a. By using nonsense syllables comprised of the initials of his friends, he thought his memory performance would be improved. b. He really didn't have a specific reason for using nonsense syllables, but he thought it was a good idea. c. Because if he used real words, his prior experience with those words might influence his memory. d. Because he did not have copyright permission to use words in actual use, so he had to make up his own non-words.
Answer:
The answer is C): Because if he used real words, his prior experience with those words that might influence his memory.
Explanation:
In order to assess how memory can be improved and enhanced, Hermann Ebbinghaus carried out experimental studies (research) by using nonsense syllables which had no logical meaning; he did so because he didn’t want his memory or experiments to be positively influenced by words that he or other people had known, or were familiar with prior to the time he conducted his studies.
Hermann Ebbinghaus knew that memory learning and enhancement would be easily affected by prior information, knowledge or understanding; so he decided to use unfamiliar knowledge, information, or words that couldn’t be easily recalled or memorized—he chose to use nonsense syllables. A nonsense syllable is one that has a combination of a consonant, a vowel, and another consonant. Usually, his syllables had no prior meaning.
Andy has always wanted to be a part of the college football team for as long as he can remember. He attends all the trials and works hard to maintain his athletic fitness. Being a part of the team appeals to Andy's _____ self.actualextendedidealsocialreal
Answer:
ideal
Explanation:
In psychology, the ideal self is a personality domain that refers to "Who I want to be" as opposed to the "real self" which refers to "who I am". As individuals we are often trying to make the gap between the real self and the ideal self smaller in order to feel good with ourselves.
In this example, Andy has always wanted to be a part of the college football team and he attends all the trials and works hard to maintain his fitness. Since being part of the team is something that Andy wants to do, and wants to be, we can say that this appeals to Andy's ideal self.
Dr. Rodriguez, an educational psychologist, looks at the student-environment interaction to determine how to improve a student’s performance. He is taking the _____ perspective.
A. cognitive
B. evolutionary
C. sociocultural
D. behavioral
Answer: He is taking the behavioural perspective.
Explanation: According to behaviourist, people's behaviour are as a result of their interaction with their environment. For example, if a child grows up in an environment where sports are highly encouraged, the child will most likely participate in sports or become an athlete.
Dr. Rodriguez examining the student interaction with the environment is termed Behaviourism: focusing on observable behavior, denying any independent significance for mind, and usually assuming that behavior is determined by the environment.
In the United States, people attend funerals in black-colored clothes while in Japan, people wear white-colored clothes. This expectation of dressing in appropriate color of clothes according to the situation is an example of cultural _____biasesrolesnormssanctionsstereotypes
Answer:
norms.
Explanation:
The Cambridge Dictionary defines norm as "an accepted standard or a way of behaving or doing things that most people agree". This is congruent with the fact that colurs may have different meanings in different cultures.
A man has been in a two-year relationship with his partner. During that time, the man has insisted on checking his partner's phone once per week to ensure his partner is not cheating on him. The man argues with his partner and often brings up old arguments. The man easily becomes angry and is especially sensitive when his partner disagrees with him. Which type of male perpetrator of intimate partner violence does this describe?a. Violent resistance b. Mutual violent control c. Common couple violence d. Intimate terrorism
The correct answer is letter D
Explanation: Intimate Terrorism (IT) is identified where the individual is highly controlling and violent but their partner is not.
How can the practice of dialogue help someone become a better intercultural communicator?
a. True dialogue reflects feelings of mutual equality and supportiveness that helps us really hear the voices of those who come from other cultures.
b. Dialogue is similar to daily conversation, but it requires us to investigate the cultural background of the other interactants before we speak.
c. True dialogue can only take place when we focus on understanding people from other cultures, rather than on knowing our assumptions and social locations.
d. Dialogue helps us show respect and supportiveness, but its drawback is that we cannot hear the voices of those who are shy or quiet.
Answer:
The correct answer is:
a. True dialogue reflects feelings of mutual equality and supportiveness which helps us really hear the voices of those who come from other cultures.
Explanation:
Dialogue is defined as the exchange of ideas regarding different kinds of thoughts exposed by the participants. In this practice, emotions, opinions and knowledge are shared in order to create a synchronous construction; in which the main idea is to feed knowledge in a way that can be shared. Besides at the same time in this practice, it is primordial to be able to respect the beliefs and customs of others.
The writer is considering deleting the underlined sentence. Should the sentence be kept or deleted?
A Kept, because it provides important information regarding the effects of the relationship between King and Gandhi.
B Kept, because it serves to contextualize the social and political environment in which Gandhi operated.
C Deleted, because it contains information that is irrelevant to the main topic of the second paragraph.
D Deleted, because it contradicts the idea that Gandhi relied on nonviolent means to enact social change.
The correct answer is letter C.
Explanation: In this case the best option is letter C.
Deleted, because it contains information that is irrelevant to the main topic of the second paragraph.
Kayla thinks she has noticed a pattern of differences in her male and female friends' video game scores and she wonders why. She notices her male friends spend more time playing and thinks that may be the reason. Which of the following is an attempt to achieve the goal of prediction?a. calculating her friends’ average scoresb. making the males in her study play with one handc. hypothesizing scores will be equivalent if they play the same amount of timed. using the study results to improve female’s scores
Answer: hypothesizing scores will be equivalent if they play the same amount of time.
In order for Kayla to be sure why her male and female friends scores vary, she should hypothesize their scores for playing the same amount of time because that's the only differing factor that she has observed.
The style of urban government in which members take an oath of permanent association is called
Select one:
a. a staple.
b. a Cortes.
c. a Parlement.
d. limited partnerships.
e. a commune.
Answer:
The correct answer is:
e. a commune.
Explanation:
A commune is an organization of people with the intention of sharing different aspects that could involve some common interests such as economic resources, property, beliefs, workforce, ideas, among others. Sometimes, these kinds of organizations can gather around political ideologies in order to work for the benefit of the community taking into account different perspectives as education, recreation, sports among other activities that can influence society with a positive impact.
Describe likely differences between gender-typed and androgynous people with respect to the way or the extent to which they might think differently about academic interests and athletic pursuits.
Gender-typed people and androgynous people differ in several ways when we look at general trends. Gender-typed people are those who fit easily within traditional gender roles. These people tend to suscribe to traditional beliefs of masculinity and femininity, as well as traditional gendered behaviours.
When it comes to academic interests, they most likely believe that subjects such as science and engineering fit males better, while subjects such as English, teaching and art are more "female." When it comes to athletic pursuits, they would most likely identify activities such as dancing with women, while they believe activities such as football and boxing are more "male."
On the other hand, androgynous people have a more fluid and less strict view of gender. They are more likely to believe that all people should be able to engage in particular behaviours. They also tend to believe that women and men are equally skilled at all subjects, and that the path each person choses to follow depends on their personal interests and not on their gender.
In cultures that use this subsistence strategy, there is a reliance of one main crop--usually a crop such as rice, wheat, or corn. While there is a debate about the impact of this subsistence strategy on the overall social, physical, and environmental health of a community, as of about 10,000 years ago, much of the world's population has begun to rely on food produced in this way. What is the name of this subsistence strategy?
Answer: Agriculture
Agriculture is the union of techniques applied in the soil for the cultivation of vegetables intended for human and animal food, production of raw materials and ornamentation. Agriculture is a productive activity of great importance for man, because it is from it that we have our livelihood. There are three factors related to agricultural production: physical, such as soil and climate; the human factor, which corresponds to the workforce in its development; and the economic factor, which refers to the value of land and the level of technologies applied in production.
The United States employs its military capabilities at home and abroad in support of its national security goals in a variety of operations known in doctrine today as
Range of Military Operations in planning.
These operations vary in size, purpose, and combat intensity within a range of military operations that extends from military engagement, security cooperation, and deterrence activities to crisis response and limited contingency operations, and, if necessary, to major operations and campaigns. The use of joint capabilities in military engagement, security cooperation, and deterrence activities shapes the operational environment and helps to keep the day-to-day tensions between nations or groups below the threshold of armed conflict, while maintaining US global influence.
The United States employs its military capabilities at home and abroad to support operations known as Range of military operations in planning.
What is Military Operation?Military operation involves series of operation that is coordinated by the military body in response to a situation or happening.
Military hands from various quarter can be employed for this purpose.
Therefore, The United States employs its military capabilities at home and abroad in support of its national security goals in a variety of operations known in doctrine today as Range of military operations in planning.
Learn more on military planning here,
https://brainly.com/question/21464949
Professor Lake is a strong advocate of the behavioral perspective. He would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements?A)Human behavior is shaped by experience and environmental events.B)Human behavior can best be explained by genetics and heredity.C)Most human behavior is the result of unconscious psychological conflicts.D)The understanding of mental processes is the key to understanding human behavior.
Answer: Human behavior is shaped by experience and environmental events.
Advocates for Behavioural perspective believes that an individual is greatly influenced by their environment. Behavioural perspective focuses on observable behavior, denying any independent significance for mind, and usually assumes that behavior is determined by the environment.
According to the guest lecture given by Dr. Alejandro Brice, bilingual people with dementia commonly demonstrate__________ A. decline in their secondary language before their primary language. B. varying patterns of decline in one language, and no decline in the other language. C. decline in their primary language before their secondary language. D. similar levels of decline in both languages.
Answer:
A. decline in their secondary language before their primary language.
Explanation:
In the lecture by Dr. Brice, he states that there is a decline in secondary language before primary language and this claim is supported by a study by Dr. Alejandro Brice and colleagues titled "Alzheimer’s Dementia From a Bilingual/Bicultural Perspective: A Case Study", it was reported that individuals suffering from dementia then to decline in the use of their secondary language compared to their primary language. In the study, individuals whose primary language was spanish were still able to communicate quite well in Spanish as compared to English which was their secondary language
Any law that treats individuals differently based on race is subject to the ______ test.
Answer:
strict-scrutiny
Explanation:
A strict scrutiny is constitutional law of the united states that is considered as the highest standards of the judicial review and must satisfy the three tests like it must justify the completing governmental interests, must be narrowly tailored to meet the interest and the goals of the government, and laws or policies must be less restrictive for achieving the needs and interests of the people.Any law that treats individuals differently based on race is subject to the strict scrutiny test. This test requires the government to prove that there is a compelling reason for the different treatment and that the law is the least restrictive means to achieve the intended goal.
Explanation:Any law that treats individuals differently based on race is subject to the strict scrutiny test. This legal test is used in cases of assumed racial discrimination where the government has to demonstrate a compelling interest for treating individuals differently. For instance, during the Jim Crow era, laws that were racially discriminatory were justified through Plessy v. Ferguson ruling, which allowed separate but equal racial segregation.
However, the strict scrutiny test sets high standards for the government to demonstrate that there's a compelling reason why the law is not racially discriminatory. This includes showing that the law is narrowly tailored and it is the least restrictive means to achieve the intended goal. For instance, someone who wants to sue on the grounds of racial discrimination must prove that they are paid less than an employee of another race for a similar job, with similar educational attainment, and similar expertise.
Under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, racial discrimination in employment practices is illegal, and the burden of proof lies with the employer to prove nondiscrimination. Therefore, strict scrutiny has been an important legal tool in addressing racial discrimination and promoting equality.
Learn more about strict scrutiny here:https://brainly.com/question/29793578
#SPJ12
One way for people to break the vicious cycle of depression is to:
accept more personal responsibility for their own bad mood.
frequently talk to their friends about their negative thoughts and depressive feelings.
participate more often in activities they consider pleasant and rewarding.
spend more time in quiet rest, seclusion, and personal meditation.
The correct answer is C. Participate more often in activities they consider pleasant and rewarding.
Explanation:
Depression is a common mental issue that affects an individual's mood. As a result, the individual experiences permanent negative feelings such as sadness or lack of interest. This leads to a vicious cycle that involves negative thoughts and feelings that lead to a lack of interest and participation in activities, then this leads to feelings of guilt that leads to sleeping issues, and this causes negative thoughts and feelings.
Due to this, one of the ways to break this cycle is to "participate more often in activities they consider pleasant and rewarding" because in this way interest is recovered and therefore feelings of guilt disappear which breaks the cycle and leads to less sleeping issues and negative thoughts/feelings.