What happens to the mitochondrial membrane potential in hd patients? why might that lead to a change in the membrane's ability to release calcium into the cytoplasm?

Answers

Answer 1
if something abnormal is affecting the body it won't work the way it's always worked

Related Questions

What evidence would you look for to see if a chemical reaction has occurred?

Answers

a change in the substance by temp, color, 

Luis is 23 years of age and weighs 220 pounds. based on his body weight, his rda for protein is ____ grams.

Answers

His RDA for protein is 100.

Answer:

The RDA for Luis Protein is 79.20 grams.

Explanation:

RDA stands for Recommended Dietary Allowance and is characterized by calculations that show the amount of nutrients, protein, carbohydrates, fats and other factors that are required for good nutrition for each person. Calculations are based on the weight of each individual. In the case of Luis who has a weight of 220 pounds, to know his protein RDA, we must multiply his weight by 0.36. Thus, we will know that the RDA for proteins is equal to 79.20 grams, for Luis.

On average, women receive only ____ milligrams of iron per day​. science forum

Answers

On average, women receive only 12 to 13 milligrams of iron per day. 
Iron is a mineral that is important to a healthy body. 
The Institute of Medicine recommends 18 milligrams to the women of childbearing age because of the monthly loss of iron in menses. When a pregnant woman increases iron requirements to 27 milligrams daily.

Select all the reasons why strs are commonly examined in dna profiling.

Answers

STRs is an abbreviation for "Short Tandem Repeats," which are repeated DNA segments, around 2-6 base pairs long. 
 
It is also used in DNA typing/profiling to compare specific loci on DNA from two or more samples. It is commonly used in forensic analysis to distinguish one DNA profile to another because there is very little chance that the STR pattern at all the loci of the DNA of one person is identical to another (unrelated person). In addition, the high variability in the number of repeats of the STRs makes it extremely variable to discriminate DNAs of different individuals. 

Short Tandem Repeat (STR) analysis could be a common biological science method accustomed compare allele repeats at specific loci in DNA between two or more samples.

Further Explanation

A brief tandem repeat could be a microsatellite with repeat units that are 2 to 7 base pairs long, with the quantity of repeats varying among individuals, making STRs effective for human identification purposes. This method differs from fragment length polymorphism analysis (RFLP) since STR analysis doesn't cut the DNA with restriction enzymes. Instead, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is utilized to get the lengths of the short tandem repeats supported the length of the PCR product.

STRs are short sequences of DNA, normally of length 2-5 base pairs, that are repeated numerous times during a head-tail manner, i.e. the 16 bp sequence of "gatagatagatagata" would represent 4 head-tail copies of the tetramer "gata". The polymorphisms in STRs are thanks to the various number of copies of the repeat element that may occur during a population of people.

STR analysis could be a tool in forensic analysis that evaluates specific STR regions found on nuclear DNA. The variable (polymorphic) nature of the STR regions that are analyzed for forensic testing intensifies the discrimination between one DNA profile and another. Scientific tools like FBI approved STRmix incorporate this research technique. Forensic science takes advantage of the population's variability in STR lengths, enabling scientists to tell apart one DNA sample from another. The system of DNA profiling used today relies on PCR and uses simple sequences or short tandem repeats (STR). This method uses highly polymorphic regions that have short repeated sequences of DNA (the most typical is 4 bases repeated, but there are other lengths in use, including 3 and 5 bases).

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Grade:  College

Subject:  Biology

keywords: STR, analysis.

Corn smut and wheat rust are crop diseases caused by ______ fungi.


A. Sac
B. Club
C. Zygote
D. Chytrid

Answers

Answer:

B. Club

Explanation:

Corn smut is caused by Ustilago maydis while wheat rust is caused by Puccinia triticina. Both Ustilago maydis and Puccinia triticina are classified under division Basidiomycota. Basidiomycota is also called as club fungi. These fungi form specific club-shaped fruiting bodies called basidia. Basidia are the site for the formation of basidiospores.

Both Ustilago maydis and Puccinia triticina are organised under division Basidiomycota. Basidiomycota is also called as club fungi. These fungi form specific club-shaped fruiting bodies called basidia.

What are corn smut and wheat rust caused by?

The corn smut, a plant disease induced by the fungus Ustilago maydis, strikes corn (maize) and teosinte plants.

The condition reduces grain yields and can cause financial losses, though in Mexico the naive galls of infected ears of corn are eaten as a fineness known as huitlacoche.

Thus, option "C" is correct,  fungi form specific club-shaped fruiting bodies called basidia.

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Why is it important to strengthen deep back muscles as well as abdominal wall muscles?

Answers

It is important to equally strengthen these muscles as they both work to support each other and the spine, to have a strong front will exert unnecessary pull and pressure on the spine without the deep back to compensate.
It is important to strengthen both the abdominal wall muscles and deep back muscles as they provide support to the body. The abdominal muscles support the torso and allow movement as well as hold organs by controlling internal abdominal pressure. As for the deep wall muscles, they make up the core muscles to keep the body well supported and balanced. They also protect the spine. 

True or false: natural monopolies may occur

Answers

the answer would be true
true, because in certain markets such as railways, it is just more efficient if there is only one supplier.

The DNA sequences that make up the genetic code of an organism determine which traits the organism will exhibit. How are the instructions coded by DNA translated into an organism's physical traits?

Answers

The DNA sequences that make up the genetic code of an organism determine which traits the organism will exhibit. How are the instructions coded by DNA translated into an organism's physical traits? Instructions coded by DNA sequences are translated into proteins which express an organism's physical traits.

DNA is a genetic material, which is present in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. The coding part of the DNA, known as genes makes up the genome of an organism.

DNA is a double-stranded helical structure, which is made up of a pentose sugar, nitrogenous bases, and phosphate backbone.

The nucleotide sequence in the DNA is translated into the proteins via transcription and translation.

These proteins or the long chain of amino acids code for the phenotypes or physical traits of an organism.

The base pairs are read in the form of triplets, known as codons. Each codon represents an amino acid, which is then linked to form a long chain.

Thus, the instructions are coded in the form of codons or triplets, which help in the translation of DNA to proteins.

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) when cells are broken open, dna is released from cells into solution. name at least two other macromolecules that are also released from the cells, and the places they are found in the cells.

Answers

Protein, nucleic acid, carbohydrate and lipid that are released from the cell.

Protein and nucleic acid are the two macromolecules that are also released from the cells when the cell is broken up because these two macromolecules are present in the cell and performs different types of functions that helps the cell in growth and development.

There are two more macromolecules are present such as carbohydrates and lipids in the cell that are also very important for cell so we can conclude that when the cell is broken, protein, nucleic acid, carbohydrate and lipid are released from the cell.

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Which is considered the first stage of the cell cycle?

Answers

The phases go prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase starting with interphase. But the first stage would be Interphase.

Answer:

C

Explanation:

I just took the test

Northern coniferous forests, characterized by long, cold winters and conifers with short needles, are the largest terrestrial biome. true or false?
a. True
b. False

Answers

i think it is true for show

The correct answer is a. True

Taiga - Cold in the winter and warm in the summer, the taiga is the world's largest land biome.

What is northern coniferous forest?

coniferous forest, vegetation composed primarily of cone-bearing needle-leaved or scale-leaved evergreen trees, found in areas that have long winters and moderate to high annual precipitation. The northern Eurasian coniferous forest is called the taiga or the boreal forest.

Where is the northern coniferous forest located?

The northern coniferous forest, or taiga, extends across North America from the Pacific to the Atlantic, across northern Europe through Scandinavia and Russia, and across Asia through Siberia to Mongolia, northern China, and northern Japan.

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A tree grows and increases its mass. explain why this phenomenon is not a violation

Answers

A tree is not an isolated system. It gets nutrients from surrounding environment to grow and build its mass. A total mass of tree plus its environment is constant. 

The scientific method is
a. reliable.
b. impartial.
c. limited in when it can be used.
d. all of these are correct.

Answers

A. reliable, it is a well thought out formula 

Bacteria reproduce asexually by A) mitosis. B) meiosis. C) conjugation. D) binary fission.

Answers

It is D) binary fission. 
I would also go with the answer D) binary fission
Hope this helps!

Proteins are made of amino acids. what elements make up amino acids? look up the structures of the 20 amino acids in your textbook and list the 5 elements present.

Answers

DNA, RNA, ATP that is wat make it up

Genetics, botany, and zoology are all branches of what subject ?
A. Chemistry
B.biology
C.physics
D.astronomy

Answers

B. Biology, Biology is the study of life. All of these branches lead to Biology since they deal with living organisms.

Final answer:

Genetics, botany, and zoology are all branches of biology, which is the overarching science concerned with the study of life and living organisms.

Explanation:

Genetics, botany, and zoology are all branches of biology, which is the correct answer to your question. Biology is the scientific study of life and living organisms, encompassing various specialized fields. For instance, genetics is concerned with how traits are inherited, botany focuses on the study of plants, and zoology is the branch that specializes in the study of animals. Other branches of science include fields such as physiology, the study of the functions of living organisms; geophysics, which explores the physical processes and properties of Earth; and agriculture, which involves the cultivation of plants and animals for food, fiber, biofuel, and other products beneficial to life.

what is not a characteristic of life?

Answers

The seven characteristics of life include: responsiveness to the environment; growth and change; ability to reproduce; have a metabolism and breathe; maintain homeostasis; being made of cells; passing traits onto offspring

Answer:

Immortality is not a characteristic of life.

Explanation:

Firstly the characteristics of life is responsiveness to the environment, growth  and change, reproduction, metabolism, maintain homeostasis, being made of cell, and passing trades on to offspring.

We know that life is limited so immortality or unlimited duration of existence is not a characteristic of life.

Compare and contrast tidal volume (tv), inspiratory reserve volume (irv), expiratory reserve volume (erv), and vital capacity (vc). why and how could an individual's tidal volume decrease and increase?

Answers

Tidal volume was the measure of air that regularly enters the lungs amid calm relaxing. The Expiratory Reserve volume was the measure of air you can powerfully breathe out pas an ordinary tidal termination. Then, the vital capacity was the measure of air a man can move into or lungs and is the entirety of the considerable number of volumes aside from leftover volume. Amid practice is the point at which the tidal volume could increment because of the additional carbon dioxide

Estimate how much the brain would swell due to osmosis if the concentration of the cerebrospinal ±uid fell to 280mm. in other words, ³nd what the new volume

Answers

Since the average osmotic pressure of the brain is 300mM and the concentration of the solution is 280mM, that means there is 20mM difference between the brain cells and CSF. This will induce osmosis and cause water to move from the CSF into the brain until the concentration becomes same. Assuming brain volume is 1200ml and the CSF constantly replaced., then the estimation of fluid should be: 20mM/300mM * 1200ml= 80 ml
If it made percent it should be: 80ml / 1200ml= 6.67%
Final answer:

Estimating how much the brain would swell due to a drop in cerebrospinal fluid concentration to 280 mm involves understanding osmosis and brain-CSF osmotic balance, which is crucial for preventing conditions like hydrocephalus. The exact new volume would need medical evaluation.

Explanation:

The question concerns the phenomenon of brain swelling due to osmosis caused by changes in the concentration of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). When the concentration of CSF falls, such as to 280 mm, water can flow into the brain cells due to osmotic imbalances, potentially leading to a condition like hydrocephalus. However, estimating the exact new volume of the brain due to osmosis requires sophisticated medical instruments and knowledge of osmotic pressure in the brain's environment. Normally, the pressure in the CSF ranges from 5 to 12 mm Hg, and deviations from this range can affect the brain's volume and pressure dramatically.

For example, if the gauge pressure in the fluid surrounding the brain increases significantly, it can lead to an increase in the outward force on the skull, even causing the skull to grow abnormally large in infants with hydrocephalus. In adults, a reduction in the CSF concentration can cause severe headaches and damage due to the brain resting upon the skull.

The specific volume change due to a CSF concentration drop to 280 mm would vary based on individual circumstances and would require medical assessment to determine.

The interaction between which protein and ion initiates contraction of skeletal muscle?

Answers

Calcium ions attach to calmodulin which then activate protein kinase. This occurs in the neuromuscular junction, specifically in the synaptic cleft, which is the space between the axon bulb and the sarcolemma. The protein kinase allows the fusion of synaptic vesicles. Acetylcholine reaches the muscle fibers and activates Sodium ions which innervate the muscles.

whats the relationship of the organelles of the endomembrane system

Answers

They all work together to package, label, and ship protein and molecules.
Final answer:

The organelles of the endomembrane system - the nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vacuoles - interact and cooperate via direct contact or vesicle transfer. Their individual functions contribute to the overall function of the cell in terms of production, modification, transportation, and disposal of substances.

Explanation:

The organelles of the endomembrane system are interconnected through direct contact or by the transfer of membrane segments as tiny vesicles. The endomembrane system consists of the nuclear envelope, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vacuoles.

The nuclear envelope is contiguous with the endoplasmic reticulum, which manufactures lipids and proteins. These products are then sent to the Golgi apparatus in vesicles, which modifies them for their specific functions and addresses them for transport to their proper locations. Lysosomes contain enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris, while vacuoles are storage organelles that can hold a variety of substances.

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New Zealand has a population of 4,326,380 and has an area of 103,736 mi2028-02-04-03-00_files/i0370000.jpg while Australia has an area of 2,967,909 mi2028-02-04-03-00_files/i0370001.jpg and a population of 21,905,140. Explain how New Zealand can have a larger population density than Australia even though it has a smaller total population.

Answers

Even though New Zealand has a smaller population than Australia, it has a greater population density because it covers a much smaller area. Australia’s population is approximately five times larger than New Zealand’s while the area Australia covers is approximately 30 times larger than the area New Zealand covers.

The number of people residing in a region is population. New Zealand has a larger population density as it covers a small area.

What is population density?

The complete question is: New Zealand has a population of 4,326,380 and an area of 103,736 while Australia has an area of 2,967,909 and a population of 21,905,140. Calculate the population density for New Zealand and Australia. Round the population densities to the nearest whole number.

Population density is the population size of a particular species in a particular area. It gives the relation between the demographic, ecosystem, and growth rate.

The area covered by New Zealand is small and has a large population density despite having less population than Australia. On the other hand, Australia has a population 5 times more than New Zealand but its area is more.

The population density of New Zealand is People ÷ Area: 4326380 ÷ 103736 = 42 people per square mile.

The population density of Australia is  21905140 ÷ 296909 = 7 people per square mile.

Therefore, New Zealand has a larger population density.

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Scientists always prove or disprove their explanations by _____.


gathering evidence


using mathematical formulas


recording thoughts


doing laboratory experiments

Answers

Correct answer: A). Gathering evidence

The scientific explanation uses measurements and observations in order to explain something in the natural world. The Scientist uses the scientific method to collect evidence in the experiment that is related to the hypothesis.

They can gather the evidence by just observing the natural world and its phenomena or by performing an experiment in the laboratory or by running a model.

Hence, the correct answer would be option A.

A 7 kilogram cat is resting on top of a bookshelf that is 1 meters high. What is the cat’s gravitational potential energy relative to the floor ?

Answers

The equation of motion that is suitable for this situation is:
Potential energy = MgH, Where:
M = mass = 7
g = gravitational acceleration = 9.8 m/s
H = height = 1
Potential energy = mgh = 7 * 9.8 * 1 = 68.6.
Therefore, the gravitational potential energy relative to the floor is approximately 69 J.

Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) dissolved in the water, releasing carbon dioxide. Why was it important to add the baking soda?

Answers

The reaction of sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) and acetic acid (vinegar) produces carbon dioxide gas, water and sodium acetate (soluble in water). The carbon dioxide gas can originally be seen as bubbles in the solution, but will quickly be released from the solution.

Which of the following has the highest viscosity? ice cold water,honey,coffee, milk

Answers

Honey, since viscosity describes the thickness or stickiness of something

Answer: water

Explanation:

Sleepwalking is most likely to occur in _____.

Answers

The answer to this question would be: NREM sleep

There are few phases of sleep. In NREM(non rapid eye movement) phase, the body muscle is not paralyzed so the movement is still possible. When someone enters the sleep phase not properly, they might be stuck in the NREM phase. Their mind is still working but the muscle is not paralyzed so they are capable to move unconsciously

Which best describes the vulva?

Answers

The female exterior genitals. 

I hope this helps!

Answer:

The vulva refers to the female external genitalia.

It includes labia majora, labia minora, cli-toris, the opening of urethra, vagina, Mons pubis, and anus.

Cli-toris is located at the top of labia where internal labia meet.  

The opening of the urethra is located just below the cli-toris through which a female excrete or pee.  

Below the urethral opening, there present a vaginal opening. It provides the path for menstrual blood and babies to come out of the body.  

Mons pubis helps in cushioning the pubic bone.


Which part of the blood is most efficient at carrying oxygen? select one:
a. blood plasma solution
b. blood plasma proteins
c. blood platelets
d. membrane molecules of red blood cells
e. hemoglobin molecules of red blood cells next?

Answers

Which part of the blood is most efficient at carrying oxygen ?


Correct Answer: E. hemoglobin molecules of red blood cells 


Good luck and have a nice Benevolentpuppy day!

The first genetic map, using drosophila to measure crossover frequencies, was actually and personally constructed by:

Answers

The first genetic map was constructed by STURTEVANT.
Sturtevant is an American geneticist, he constructed the first genetic map in 1913 using the drosophila chromosomes. 
Genetic map is the graphical representation of the arrangement of genes on a chromosome. Genetic map is used to locate gene or group of genes that determine particular traits.
The first genetic map was constructed by Alfred Sturtevant. In 1913, he was the first constructing a genetic map of chromosome. He worked on the biological model drosophila melanogaster next to Thomas Morgan, another geneticist.
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