Answer: When mutation occur in the sex cell/germ cell it is known as Germinal mutation but if mutation occur in cell other than sex cell it will be called as Somatic mutation.
Explanation:
Germlines mutation: As this type of mutation occurs in germ cells (sperm and egg), this mutation can pass on to offspring when either muted sperm or gametes fertilize to form zygote. Example of germline mutation is inherited diseases like Down syndrome.
Somatic mutation: Somatic mutation can occur in any cell like muscle cell, gut, immune system but not in the germ cells and therefore cannot pass to the offspring. Examples of somatic mutation are Cancer and tumor
The primary difference between germline and somatic mutations lies in their potential for inheritance. Germline mutations occur in reproductive cells, can be passed on to offspring, and affect every cell in the offspring. In contrast, somatic mutations occur in non-reproductive cells, do not get passed to offspring, and usually have localized effects such as cancer.
Explanation:Difference Between Germline and Somatic MutationsGermline mutations and somatic mutations are two major categories of mutations that occur within the cells of an organism. Germline mutations happen in the reproductive cells known as gametes — eggs and sperm — and are inheritable, meaning they can be transmitted to offspring. In contrast, somatic mutations occur in the somatic or non-reproductive cells of the body, and while they can lead to issues such as cancer within the individual, they cannot be passed down to the next generation.
Germline mutations are significant as every cell in the offspring will contain these mutations, which can lead to inherited diseases or traits. Somatic mutations, on the other hand, may remain confined to a single cell and its progeny, potentially leading to localized effects such as the development of tumors or other somatic issues but not affecting the germline. Therefore, the distinction between germline and somatic mutations is critical for understanding the inheritance and impact of genetic mutations.
The rate of mutation may also differ; somatic cells, due to their vast numbers and frequent replication, often acquire more mutations compared to gametes. In humans, the current estimate of the chance of a new germline mutation is approximately 1x10-8 per base pair per generation, which is significant given the large number of base pairs in the human genome.
How does air temperature affect the time it takes for bread mold to form
If a force of 40 newtons moves a cart a distance of 9 meters, the work done is Nm. If the same force moves the same cart three times that distance, the work done is Nm.
Answer:
1. 360 Nm
2. 1080 Nm
Explanation:
Work done is a product of the force and the displacement.
Work= Fd where F is the force and d the displacement.
For scenario 1 where distance =9 meters the work done=
40 N×9 m= 360 Nm
For scenario 2 where distance= 9×3 =27 m the work done =
40 N × 27 m = 1080 Nm
Explanation:
It is given that,
Force acting on the cart, F = 40 N
Distance, d = 9 m
Work done is given by :
[tex]W=F\times d[/tex]
[tex]W=40\ N\times 9\ m=360\ J[/tex]
If the same force moves the same cart three times that distance, d' = 3 × 9 = 27 m. Now work done is given by :
[tex]W'=F\times d'[/tex]
[tex]W'=40\ N\times 27\ m=1080\ J[/tex]
Hence, this is the required solution.
a key difference between green algae and land based plants is that
Answer:
Green Algae can either be unicellular ( single-celled) or multi-cellular while land bases plants are typically multi-cellular organisms ( made up of many cells)
Explanation:
A key difference between green algae and land based plants is that; while plants are typically multi-cellular organisms, Algae can either be unicellular ( single-celled) or multi-cellular.
Thus the key difference between green algae and land based plants is their complexity. Algae are simple organisms while plants are complex, with several specialized structures.
Seeds can grow into which of the following types of plants?
Answer:
Seed can be grow on both types of plants sometimes in monocot and sometimes dicot plants is is available in all plants when gynoecium and andrcium mate then formation of seed takes place
Final answer:
Seeds can develop into gymnosperms, such as conifers, gink-gos, that produce seeds, or angiosperms, which are flowering plants that include trees, vegetables, grasses, and decorative flowers.
Explanation:
Seeds can grow into various types of plants, which are primarily categorized into two groups: gymnosperms and angiosperms. Gymnosperms are plants like spruce, fir, and pine as well as gink-gos and cy-cads that produce na-ked seeds not enclosed by fruit.
On the other hand, angiosperms are flowering plants and they include a variety of species from broadleaved trees such as maple, oak, and elm, to vegetables like potatoes, lettuce, and carrots, as well as grasses and ornamental flowers like roses, irises, and daffodils. Seeds can also give rise to field crops such as wheat, forage and turf crops, and a wide range of vegetable and ornamental species, and tree and shrub seeds.
Greg has been given a small sample of metal. His teacher has assigned him to identify what type of metal he was given. Which of the following is a physical property that will help Greg to identify the metal most accurately? A. ability to burn B. color C. ability to rust D. density
Answer:
density
Explanation:
It won't be color. Many metals have the same color although if Greg was handed copper or gold they have pretty distinctive colors.
Not many metals burn. It depends on what you mean by burn. The alkali metals will burn when in contact with water. Not many ignite if you put a match them them.
Rusting is a singular property. I very few common ones rust.
I would pick density. Few metals have the same density.
Answer:
density
Explanation:
all of these lists describe causes of global warming, EXCEPT:
a.)volcanoes, asteroid impact, changes in Earths plates
b.)energy production, burning fires, deforestation
c.)burning of fossil fuels,bchange in energy from the sun, energy production
d.) burning fossil fuels, change in energy from the sun, changes in Earths rotation.
Final answer:
Answer option a.) volcanoes, asteroid impact, changes in Earth's plates does not describe a cause of ongoing global warming. Recent warming is primarily caused by human activities such as energy production and burning fossil fuels.
Explanation:
The list that does not describe a cause of global warming is a.) volcanoes, asteroid impact, changes in Earth's plates. While volcanic eruptions can affect the climate by releasing large amounts of particulate matter and sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere, which can have a short-term cooling effect (known as the haze-effect), they are not a significant ongoing contributor to global warming.
Asteroid impacts are extremely rare and not a current factor in climate change, while changes in Earth's plates are geological processes affecting the Earth's surface and do not directly influence the atmospheric conditions that lead to global warming. The primary causes of recent global warming include energy production, burning of fossil fuels, and deforestation, which elevate levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, thereby increasing the greenhouse effect and raising global temperatures.
The image shows an ant that has been infected by a fungus, with the sporangium of the fungus emerging from the ant’s head. What type of nutrition is the fungus in the image demonstrating?
A.
parasitic
B.
autotrophic
C.
saprophytic
D.
symbiotic
E.
mycorrhizae
Answer:
parasitic
Explanation:
parasitic is defined in biology as An organism that obtains nourishment and shelter on another organism. Supplement. Parasitism is s form of symbiosis in which one organism (called parasite) benefits at the expense of another organism usually of different species (called host)
Parasitic nutrition is the fungus in the image demonstrating. Therefore, option (A) is correct.
What do you mean by parasitic nutrition?Parasitic Nourishment is a method of heterotrophic sustenance where an organic entity (known as a parasite) lives on the body surface or inside the body of one more kind of life form (known as a host).
There are two kinds of parasites: endoparasites and ectoparasites. Endoparasites are parasites that inhabit the host's internal organs, whereas ectoparasites are parasites that inhabit the host's outer surface and typically attach during feeding.
Parasitic plant, plant that acquires all or part of its sustenance from another plant (the host) without adding to the advantage of the host and, at times, making outrageous harm the host.
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HELP PLEASE !!!!! I just need this to graduate
Answer:
32 is true
Explanation:
Introduced species often take over an ecosystem because they usually ____.
Answer:
don't have any natural predators in that ecosystem.
Explanation:
During the Carboniferous Period, what were largely responsible for regulating the climate on land masses? A. Land masses B. The glaciers C. The North and South Poles D. Large oceans
Answer:
D. Large oceans
Explanation:
During the Carboniferous period, the majority of the land masses were merged into one large supercontinent, with smaller landmasses being very close to it. This meant that there was one enormous ocean surrounding the supercontinent, but also one smaller one that was getting deeper into the land masses. The large Panthalassic Ocean had huge effect on the climate on Earth in this period. Because it was so large, it produced very large air masses, mostly warm and wet, causing a lot of precipitation, resulting in warm and wet climate in most of the planet. It was also an ocean that was capable of producing storms and waves much larger than anything we can see nowadays, managing to cause lot of damage along the coastlines of the supercontinent.
During the Carboniferous Period, glaciations and the formation of Pangaea played a major role in regulating the climate on land masses. The drier and cooler conditions led to significant ecological and evolutionary changes in plants and animals. The correct option is B.
During the Carboniferous Period, the climate on land masses was largely regulated by glaciations and the resulting cooler global climate. Towards the end of the Carboniferous, a trend toward a drier climate with evidence of glaciation and lowered sea levels is observed. These changes had significant impacts on the distribution and evolution of plant and animal life, favouring adaptations for drier conditions such as xerophytic leaves in gymnosperms and the development of eggs that could survive outside of water for vertebrates.
The development of a single supercontinent, Pangaea, further influenced the continental climate, creating arid inland regions due to the distant moderating effects of the large oceans. Glaciations affected the climate by contributing to the formation of land bridges between continents and altering the habitats and distribution of life on Earth.
Which of the spheres interact in the formation of coal
Answer:The answer is boisphere and gross here
Explanation:
Geosphere entails rocks that make up Earth and this range from melted rock under the crust (molten magma) , to mountains, to grains of sand, to rocks and so on.
Biosphere entails the ecosystem which composed both the biotic (living organisms) and the abiotic (nonliving).
Geosphere and Biosphere helps the formation of coal because coal are formed when dead plant and animal matter decays on the soil and are turned into peat. The peat are consequently converted into coal by the heat and pressure over million years.Learn more about the Formation of coal here
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Which antibiotic was not effective against E. coli? neomycin, penicillin, erythromycin, ampicillin
The antibiotic called ampicillin was not effective against E.coli.
Answer: D
Explanation:
E.coli is normal microbial flora which is present in the gut of the mammals.
It is gram negative bacteria and very few strains of this bacteria causes harm.
Antibiotics are the chemical drugs which are used to treat the microbial infection either by killing the causative organism or by its growth inhibition.
Antibiotics such as neomycin, penicillin and erythromycin are usually used to treat E.coli infection.
Antibiotic such as Ampicillin is not used as the bacterium E.coli is highly resistant to it.
To determine if a particular plant is homozygous or heterozygous, you would have to test cross with a
In order to figure out if an individual(for a specific gene) is heterozygous or homozygous dominant(because the phenotypes are the same) you’d test cross it with a homozygous recessive.
If all the offspring have the dominant phenotype, then ur plant(individual) is homo dominant. But if there are any offspring with recessive phenotype(specifically 50% of them) then ur plant is heterozygous.
Which germ layer develops into bones, kidneys, bladder, ovaries or testes, blood, and muscles, including the heart?
A. Mesoderm
B. Ectoderm
C. Blastula layer
D. Endoderm
Mesoderm is the type of germ layer develops into bones, kidneys, bladder, ovaries or testes, blood, and muscles, including the heart.
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
The end of the gastrulation phase of living organism is marked by the formation of three germ layers namely ectoderm layer, mesoderm layer and entoderm layer.
Each of the layers which are mentioned gets converted into different structure. The Mesoderm gets converted to connective tissue, ligament and smooth muscles. The heart dividers by blood, lymph vessels and cells.
An important part of topsoil is
loam
permafrost
growing plant roots
decayed organic matter
Answer:
decayed organic matter
Explanation:
Decaying organic matter is an important part of topsoil found worldwide.
Incorrect answers (with explanation):
Loam is a type of soil, not a part of topsoil.
Permafrost is only found in arctic regions, and is frozen ground, not a part of the soil.
Plant roots grow into topsoil, but are not a part of the soil itself.
I hope this helps!
Which would prevent a plant from growing?
O
A. Lack of sunlight
O
B. No supply of lithium
O
C. Too much water
D. Too many monosaccharides
Answer:
C. Too much water
Explanation:
Air pollution is only caused by human activity,
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
OT
OF
True or false
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Air pollution is caused by both human and natural occasions. Natural actions like volcanic eruptions, forest fires and wind erosion are examples of how nature pollutes the air.
Air pollution is caused by both human and natural occasions. Natural actions like volcanic eruptions, forest fires and wind erosion are examples of how nature pollutes the air is a false statement.
What is Air pollution?
Release of chemicals into the atmosphere that are harmful to both human health and the health of the entire planet is referred to as air pollution.
Globally, air pollution causes up to seven million deaths annually, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Currently, nine out of ten people breathe air that is more polluted than what is considered safe by the WHO, with those in low- and middle-income nations suffering the most.
In the US, the Clean Air Act, passed in 1970, gives the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) permission to protect public health by controlling the emissions of these dangerous air pollutants.
Therefore, Air pollution is caused by both human and natural occasions. Natural actions like volcanic eruptions, forest fires and wind erosion are examples of how nature pollutes the air is a false statement.
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Which of the following correctly describes where early Earth's water came from?
1.the atmospheric water vapor condensed
2.collisions of comets released water
3.dust storms caused disturbances in the atmosphere, causing rain 4.atmospheric nitrogen converted into early water vapor which was later pressurized into liquid
I think it's either 3 or 4 but please EXPLAIN your answer
Answer: 4.atmospheric nitrogen converted into early water vapor which was later pressurized into liquid
what is it called when part of a cell membrane closes around a molecule to allow the molecule to enter the cell?
A. Passive transport
B.Diffusion
C. Endocytosis
D. Exocytosis
Answer: C. Endocytosis
Answer:
Answer:
Endocytosis.
Explanation:
In endocytosis, the cell membrane forms a cup-like sac around the molecule, the two lips of the cup meet around the molecule so that a vesicle is formed by the separation of that part of the cell membrane.
Answer:
c
Explanation:
endocytosis
In tree rings, like those shown, each "ring" of growth represents what?
A. Two years of growth
B. One season of growth
C. One month of growth
D. One year of growth
Answer:
D. One year of growth
Explanation:
Scientists can accurately predict large earthquakes.
Which of these is not a process that can cause speciation?
A. Chromosomal mutation
B. Genetic damage
C. A bottle neck
D. DNA replication
Answer: it's DNA Replication
Explanation: APEX
DNA replication is not a process that can cause speciation.
Speciation
The process by which new species are formed from the existing species is termed speciation.
Speciation Types
Allopatric SpeciationParapatric SpeciationPeripatric SpeciationSympatric SpeciationFactors Affecting Speciation
Genetic Drift- Genetic drift leads to the formation of new species by causing a population of organisms to be genetically distinct from the original population.Natural Selection- Natural selection is the process in nature by which organisms that adapt to their environment tend to survive and reproduce more than those less adapted to their environment.Geographic isolation- The populations of species are divided by geographic barriers. These geographic barriers may include rivers, water bodies, and mountains.Mutation- The accumulation of many small genetic changes in a population is known as mutations.Therefore, Option (D) DNA replication is the correct answer
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19. The point at which a stream empties into another body of water is the
of the stream
A. headwater
B. drainage basin
C. tributary
D. mouth
Answer:
D - Mouth
Explanation:
The point at which a stream empties into another body of water is the
mouth of the stream.
What is a mouth of a stream?A river's mouth is where it empties into a lake, a larger river, or the ocean. There is a lot of activity near river mouths. A river's flow gathers up sediment from the riverbed, eroded bank material, and floating debris.A confluence also exists at the river's mouth. Sometimes a river's mouth is where it empties into the sea, where it forms a delta, as when the Nile River empties into the Mediterranean Sea.learn more about mouth of the stream here:
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How much solar radiation is reflected back by clouds?
Answer:
Twenty-four percent
Explanation:
Twenty-four percent of solar radiation is reflected back by clouds.
Answer: The correct answer is 30 percent
Explanation:
Satellites orbit Earth in the
A) Mesosphere
B) Troposphere
C) Stratosphere
D) Thermosphere
Hello There!
Satellites orbit Earth in the thermosphere.
The thermosphere is the top layer of the atmosphere. In the thermosphere, the air is extremely thin because there aren't many molecules.
Answer:
its d thermosphere
Explanation:
How do mutations lead to variation
Answer: Genetic variation can be caused by mutation (which can create entirely new alleles in a population), random mating, random fertilization, and recombination between homologous chromosomes during meiosis (which reshuffles alleles within an organism's offspring).
Answer:
The mutations cause genetic differences in a population, which causes the genetic variability, since the population is no longer homogeneous.
Explanation:
Mutations are random changes in DNA, which determine the appearance, behavior and physiology of organisms. These changes in DNA are primarily responsible for genetic variability between individuals in a population, and they occur most often in natural ways, when DNA does not replicate correctly. Changes in DNA can also be caused by having external sources, such as your exposure to chemicals or radiation.
i need the answer asap !!!!
Answer:
i think A but im not 100% sure
Explanation:
What are two types of Precipitation?
In precipitation, Rainwater can fall as either___ or___
Liquid
Steam cloud
2nd half
Steam
Solid
Cloud
In precipitation, Rainwater can fall as either liquid or solid
Liquid would be more typical and probably more of what you are used to seeing.
Solid rainwater other wise known as hail or snow occurs when the weather is below freezing and the liquid rain water freezes
Hope this helped!
~Just a girl in love with Shawn Mendes
Whats 2 examples of homologous structures?
Answer:
Homologous structures are those that share evolutionary and developmental origins. When discussing them one usually refers to those that have different uses in organisms. For instance the malleous and stapes bones in the middle ear of mammals are used to transfer sound whereas in most lizards these bonse are used in jaw articulation.
Other examples will be the forelimbs of a quadrupeds that includes the same bones as the human arm.
Another interesting example is the equivalent of one of the wrist bones in most mammals is used as a pseudo thumb in pandas.
Order the terms from simplest to most complex paried based, DNA molecule, chromosomes, gene, cell, arm, person
Arranging the terms from simplest to most complex is Gene, DNA molecule, Cell ,Chromosomes , Arm and Person.
Gene: A gene is the basic unit of heredity and consists of a specific sequence of DNA that codes for a particular trait or function.
DNA molecule: A DNA molecule is a complex biomolecule that carries genetic information in living organisms. It consists of two strands that form a double helix.
Cell: A cell is the fundamental structural and functional unit of life. It contains DNA and other cellular structures that carry out various biological processes.
Chromosomes: Chromosomes are thread-like structures made of DNA and proteins found in the cell nucleus. They carry a large amount of genetic information and house many genes.
Arm: An arm is a part of the human body and consists of bones, muscles, blood vessels, and other tissues. It is a more complex structure compared to individual cellular components.
Person: A person is the most complex entity on the list. It is a living organism composed of trillions of cells organized into tissues, organs, and organ systems, and possesses unique characteristics and abilities.
The given question is incomplete the complete question is :
Order the terms from simplest to most complex: gene, DNA molecule, chromosome, cell, arm, person. Explain your Answer .
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