what is the effect of ph on enzyme activity?

Answers

Answer 1
Enzymes, which are biological catalysts that aid in chemical reactions, by lowering the energy of activation or barrier, are affected by changes in PH, as increasing or decreasing PH, would result in higher or fewer concentrations of H+, which depending on the amount can undergo hydrogen bonding and other interactions that may cause changes to specific areas of the enzyme, specifically the active site. These changes can slow the activity of the enzyme in catalyzing reactions.
Answer 2

Enzymes have optimal pH levels at which they are most active, and deviations from this pH can alter their shape and function, possibly leading to reversible or irreversible denaturation.

The Effect of pH on Enzyme Activity

The activity of enzymes, which are typically proteins, is highly sensitive to changes in the pH levels of their environment. Each enzyme has an optimal pH at which it performs best. For amylase, this optimum pH is around 7, while other enzymes, such as pepsin and alkaline phosphatase, have optimal pH levels at 1.5 and 9.8, respectively. At the optimal pH, the binding of the substrate to the enzyme's active site is facilitated because the ionizable side groups within the active site maintain the correct charge.

Alterations in pH can affect the ionization and shape of an enzyme, impacting its ability to bind to substrates and carry out its function. If the pH deviates significantly from the enzyme's optimal range, this can lead to denaturation, where the enzyme loses its structure and, consequently, its activity. This denaturation may be reversible if the pH change is slight, but it can become irreversible with extreme pH changes.

It is important to note that different enzymes have evolved to function optimally at different pH levels, as seen with stomach enzymes thriving in acidic conditions, while others, such as those found in the small intestine, operate best in more basic conditions. This specificity allows enzymes to perform effectively in the various environments throughout an organism.


Related Questions

What would happen to a cell if cellular respiration stopped?

A. The cell would use water for energy.
B. The cell would not produce enough ATP.
C. Glucose breakdown would increase.
D. ATP production would increase significantly.

Answers

Answer:

B

Explanation:

Cellular respiration includes glycolysis that occurs on the cytoplasm of cells and Krebs cycle that occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria. The whole cellular respiration metabolic pathway produces a net of 36 ATPs (glycolsys produces a net of 2 ATPS and Krebs cycle a net of 34 ATPS). They use glucose as a substrate to harness the energy in its chemical bonds to produce the store this energy in ATPs, the energy currency of cells.

Final answer:

If cellular respiration stopped in a cell, it would lead to a lack of ATP production and energy for the cell's functions, the halt of pyruvate, citric acid, and carbon dioxide production, and a decrease in ATP production since glucose could not be broken down.

Explanation:

If cellular respiration stopped in a cell, several things would happen.

ATP would not be produced, which means the cell would not have the energy it needs to carry out its functions.The production of pyruvate, citric acid, and carbon dioxide would also be halted, as they are products of cellular respiration.Additionally, without cellular respiration, the cell would not be able to break down glucose for energy and would experience a significant decrease in ATP production.

Nitrogen is one of the important elements for life. Nitrogen is present in DNA and proteins. It’s also a component of       water   chlorophyll   air   in plants, a pigment that’s critical for photosynthesis. Although nitrogen is present in the air, it can’t be consumed directly. It’s converted into usable form by       bacteria   animals   plants  .

NextReset


Answers

Answer:

Nitrogen is one of the important elements for life. Nitrogen is present in DNA and proteins. It’s also a component of (water, chlorophyll, air) in plants, a pigment that’s critical for photosynthesis. Although nitrogen is present in the air, it can’t be consumed directly. It’s converted into usable form by     (bacteria, animals, plants).

1. chlorophyll

2. bacteria

Explanation:

George is interested in insects and wants to do an experiment. Which of the following is a scientific question about insects that he could investigate with an experiment?

 A. Do ants feel anxiety?

 B. Why are there so many different kinds of insects in the world?

 C. Are ladybugs prettier than beetles?

 D. Do different food types affect the growth rate of beetles? 


Answers

Answer: D. Do different food types affect the growth rate of beetles?

Explanation:

A scientific question can be define as the question that can be answered using the scientific methodology. The scientific methodology is based on the series of steps like making observation based on the question, composing the hypothesis, testing the hypothesis by using the experimentation process, concluding the results.

D is the correct option. This is because of the fact that growth rate of the beetles can be examined on the basis of different food types.

Why is the ability to move important to animals

Answers

so that they will be able to hunt and find places to sleep but not die

Life is the topic of this course. Write an essay about the characteristics of life discussed in Section 1 of this unit. Your essay should use proper grammar, spelling, and correct sentence structure as you write about each of the characteristics and how they apply or are evident in yourself or some other living thing you will use in your answer (a pet dog, a tree, etc.).

Answers

There are some basic characteristics which are used to determine if a thing is living or non living, the characteristics are 7 in all, they are: movement, nutrition, respiration, excretion, growth reproduction and sensitivity. Also, all living things are made up of cells, they have different level of organisation, they use energy and they adapt to their environment. Every thing that possess these features are considered to be living things.

Why is cell specialisation (differentiation) important for the development and growth of a healthy baby from a fertilised egg? Please help!

Answers

Cell specialisation. A zygote is a structure that forms when a sperm fertilises anegg. The zygote then divides many times by mitosis to form an embryo. ... However, once the embryonic stem cells become specialised, they can't change into any other type of cell.

Answer:

Cell specialization is important in the development and growth of a healthy baby because cells differentiated to form different tissues, which organizes themselves to forms organs.

Explanation:

The development of an organism is divided into two processes, differentiation, and growth.  The body contains two types of cells undifferentiated cells can become any cells, while differentiated cells have a specific role. Differentiation is the process in which cells change from an undifferentiated cell and become specialized (differentiated cell). On the other hand, growth is the process by which already differentiated cells reproduce to increase the size of the tissue.

is water found only in one state

Answers

No it is found in many states
No water can be a solid, liquid, or gas

Why is it important that scientists haven’t identified a Lokiarchaeota cell yet

Answers

Scientists are working hard to find out more about cells, so they should know all of the cells. The Lokiarchaeota cell is one of the only ones they have yet to find out stuff about. Scientists also need to know about it, because it is a part of our bodies, and maybe sometimes they can cause infection in the body. Scientists need to know if it could lead to some of the biggest infections ever.  Hope this helps!

Answer:

Scientists have evidence that Lokiarchaeota cells exist from genetic information, which they can compare to other species of microbes. However, they don’t yet have an actual cell to confirm what the cells actually look like.

Explanation:

In what situation does anaerobic respiration take place

Answers

When there is no oxygen, or the organism cannot use oxygen for respiration. 

Answer: When there is no oxygen

Explanation: APEX answer

Explain why the size of your muscles is the is partly an acquired trait and partly dependent on DNA

Answers

Your DNA determines how many muscle fibers a person is born with. This number never changes cause one can't make more muscle fibers during their lifetime. With more muscle fibers, one has the potential to be stronger.
It is an acquired trait because you could train your muscles to become bigger. When you train, for example resistance training, your muscle produces more myofilaments which increases their diameter. This is why you develop large muscles when you train.

Hope this helped!

Answer:

The size of the muscle is partly dependent on the DNA and exercise.

This is because DNA traits is actually responsible for how a muscle formed in the body. This trait is usually gotten from the parents of the offspring.

In the same vein, exercises can also be responsible for the size of an individual’s muscle. Exercises help in the expansion and building of muscle tissues which makes it bigger.

what groups of objects do you classify based on their observable characteristics

Answers

Use google so that we’ll find your awesome answer

Which will diffuse easily in the cell membrane: Molecules that are lipid soluble or molecules that are ionic (charged)?

Answers

Molecules that are lipid soluble because the cell membrane is a phospholipid bilayer.
I did this the last person who answers this is completely correct

Two or more organs working together form A) tissue. B) a group. C) a system. D) an organism.

Answers

i think it is c because of organs would be classified as an organ system

Organs working together will form an organ system. Therefore ,option (C) a system is correct.

What is an organ system?

An organ is a collection of tissues that work together to do its job, and an organ system is a group of organs that work together to do a certain job. There are eleven organ systems in a human body.

The respiratory system, the digestive and excretory system, the circulatory system, the urinary system, the integumentary system, the skeletal system, the muscular system, the endocrine system, the lymphatic system, the nervous system, and the reproductive systems are all considered to be part of the 11 organ systems.

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How might abundant amounts of food allow herons to reproduce more often?

Answers

As more food equals more energy, the life rate for herons will increase, leaving more herons to live until mating time.

Hope this helps!

the life rate for herons will increase, therefore leaving more herons to live until mating seasons

If scientists were able to stop the tectonic plates from moving, people on Earth would no longer have

Answers

Either continents, earthquakes, or magma. Im not very sure.
There would no longer be earthquakes or seafloor spreading.

Given two areas with equal sunlight and available water. Area I has a high amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide while Area II has a low amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide.

How does the rate of photosynthesis in Area I compare to that in Area II?



Atmospheric carbon dioxide has no effect on the rate of photosynthesis.


The rate of photosynthesis increases with a decrease in carbon dioxide.


The rate of photosynthesis increases with an increase in carbon dioxide.


The level of carbon dioxide increases with the level of available oxygen.

Answers

The rate of photosynthesis increases with an increase in carbon dioxide.

Answer: C

Explanation:

idk if i asked it in the right catagory
Which of the following are the main external stimuli to which plants respond?
Check all that are true.

touch


light


oxygen


gravity

Answers

Plants primarily respond to touch, light, and gravity as external stimuli, using sophisticated systems like photoreceptors for phototropism and amyloplasts for gravitropism.

The main external stimuli to which plants respond are touch, light, and gravity. Oxygen is not typically considered a directional stimulus for plants. Plants have developed sophisticated systems to detect and respond to their environment. Phototropism is an example of how plants grow towards light using photoreceptors like cryptochromes and phototropins. Gravitropism describes how plants sense gravity; shoots exhibit negative gravitropism growing away from gravity, while roots exhibit positive gravitropism and grow towards gravity. In response to touch, certain plants can exhibit rapid movements or slower growth alterations, known as thigmotropism and thigmonasty.

Plant and animal cells, while both eukaryotic, each have distinguishing characteristics. For example, plant cells contain chloroplasts, while animal cells do not. Which statement BEST elaborates on the reason for this difference?

A) Chloroplasts are needed for plant cells to rid themselves of waste. Animal cells do not produce any waste.
B) Chloroplasts help plants make their own food by converting light energy. Animals do not make their own food.
C) An animal cell has a cell wall, while a plant cell does not. Instead, chloroplasts line the outside of plant cells.
D) The DNA in an animal cell is housed in a nucleus, but plant cells do not contain nuclei; it is stored in chloroplasts.

Answers

Your answer would be B)Chloroplasts help plants make their own food by converting light energy. Animals do not make their own food.

The right option is; B) Chloroplasts help plants make their own food by converting light energy. Animals do not make their own food.

Plant and animal cells are eukaryotic cells (cells that have a definite nucleus and membrane bound organelles). The two cells are similar structurally, and functionally, but a few significant differences exist in each of them. Plant cells have chloroplasts (organelles that contain chlorophyll which absorbs sunlight) it uses to produce its food though photosynthesis. Animal cells do not have chloroplast. It uses mitochondria (an organelle that produces energy through respiration) to produce most of the cells energy from food. Mitochondria is also present in plants cells but it does not have the same function in plant cells.

Quartzite is a coarse-grained rock derived from sandstone. What type of rock is quartzite?

igneous

extrusive

metamorphic

sedimentary

Answers

The answer is metamorphic, it is a metamorphic rock.

The answer is C. Metamorphic

which of the following characteristics of the Arctic rabbit is specifically an adaptation to living in the tundra

A. small size

B. keen eyesight

C. strong legs

D. White Fur

Sorry if this is easy for you guys but I sometimes forget the answer

Answers

the correct answer is d

white fur s the answer

Which of the following BEST defines a general state of matter?

Answers

What the the options so I can help?
It will be c. A is not right because they don’t have gas.

The male cardinal is bright red. The female is a dull brown. Why are the two birds different colors?

Answers

The birds developed different things that were needed for their survival. The reason that the male cardinal is a bright red is because he needs the color to attract females for mating. The females don't have the same problem, so they didn't develop that gene.

A fox with thick fur would have a survival advantage over other foxes

Answers

the fox has more so he can keep more heat in but in the summer he will get overheated. hunting with big fur is hard and other ones would have an advatange
If it was cold weather and the other foxes didn't have as much fur then possibly their is a half half because the other wolfs could have food and no fur and the wolf with fur could only have fur and no food.

In a strike-slip fault, the rocks on either side of the fault slip past each other sideways.
true or false

Answers

That is true, in a strike-slip fault, rocks on either side of the fault slip past each other sideways with little up or down movement. Hope this helped! :)
The answer is True :) 

The amount of energy transferred from the primary producer to the primary consumer is (2 points)
100%.
10%.
1%.
.1%.

Answers

10% I think because normally as the animals go higher from the producers it lowers

Can someone describe how air moves and changes in convection currents in the atmosphere?

Answers

i took this when i was in 8th grade so i will try my best to tell you 
air moves all the time and everywhere. it moves by us breathing the air in our lungs. trees provide us by air.

Which two structures would provide a positive identification of a plant cell under a microscope? Question 1 options: ribosomes, chloroplasts cell wall, mitochondria cell wall, chloroplast plasma membrane, large central vacuole

Answers

Chloroplasts. Animal cells don’t have chloroplasts only plants

DNA translate the information in RNA to make proteins
The answer is False.

Answers

The answer is true they have to get proteins from the rna

Answer:

Sorry Jordanstevens14 But its False well on my test

Explanation:

i took a test with this question and got a 100 on it

Is this statement true or false?

DNA translates the information in RNA to make proteins.

False is the truth not true

Where is it possible to see a divergent boundary without traveling to a mind ocean ridge

Answers

Divergent boundaries occur where tectonic plates are moving away from each other. Mid ocean ridges are, as the name suggests on the floor of the ocean. Some divergent boundaries can be found on land. One example is in Iceland where the Mid-Atlantic Ridge surfaces. This region represents the area where the North American Plate is moving away from the Eurasian plate. Another example can be found in Africa along the East African Rift Valley. 

bacterial cells may have all of the following except a
a. Glycocalyx
b. nuclear membrane
c. cytoplasmic membrane
d. peptidoglycan cell wall

Answers

can't say much about the other answer choices, but bacteria cells have their nucleus floating around with the rest of the structures they don't have a nuclear membrane

ans: B

A Bacterial cell may have all of the following except a nuclear membrane. Thus, the correct option for this question is B.

What is Bacteria?

Bacteria may be defined as a type of unicellular microorganism that significantly lacks a well-defined nucleus and other membrane-bound cell organelles.

The cell wall of bacteria is made up of peptidoglycan. It is an essential protective barrier for a bacterial cell that surrounds the cytoplasmic membrane as well. The Glycocalyx is the outermost layer of the three-layered cell envelope found in many bacterial species. It limits the access of certain molecules to the extracellular membrane.

The cytoplasmic membrane in the bacteria is composed of an approximately equal proportion of lipids and proteins. Phospholipids are the main lipid components.

Therefore, a nuclear membrane is significantly not present in bacterial cells. Thus, the correct option for this question is B.

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