A motor neuron is a neuron that specifically controls the movement and usage of muscles and glands.
A motor neuron carries nerve impulses from the central nervous system to muscles and glands, resulting in their activation. They connect to muscle fibers at neuromuscular junctions and can be precisely controlled based on the motor unit's needs. This nerve impulse transmission results in muscle contraction.
Explanation:The function of a motor neuron is to carry nerve impulses from the central nervous system to muscles and glands. These neurons change nerve signals into activation of these structures. Motor neurons project to the spinal cord to synapse with more motor neurons in the ventral horn of the spinal cord, which then connect to skeletal muscles and cause contractions.
These neurons connect to the muscles at neuromuscular junctions, where they connect to multiple muscle fibers within a target muscle. The number of fibers that a motor neuron connects to varies based on the required precision of the muscle and the force necessary for that motor unit. For instance, the quadriceps have many fibers controlled by single motor neurons for robust contractions that don't need to be precise, but extraocular muscles are controlled by each motor neuron very precisely since moving the eyes requires less force but needs high precision.
Motor neurons transmit nerve impulses to the muscles causing them to contract. At the neuromuscular junction, the motor neuron axons connect to muscle fibers. Here, the motor neurons secrete a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine that binds to receptors on the muscle fiber, triggering muscle contraction.
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These cells are part of the domains Archaea and Bacteria.
prokaryotes
eukaryotes
Answer:
Prokaryotes
Explanation:
A prokaryote can be described as an organism which is unicellular and lacks a nucleus. Other membrane- bound organelles are also absent in the prokaryotes. Organisms of the domain Archaea and Bacteria are prokaryotes.
Eukaryotes are organisms which possess a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles. These organisms are more complex than the prokaryotic organisms. Eukaryotic organisms are usually multicellular. Examples of eukaryotic organisms include humans, dogs, cats etc.
Why are GMOs a threat to a species survival?
Answer:They are nonnatural products so they could phiscally hurt the species
Explanation:
If you think about it it makes since.
What are the challenges surrounding genetics, heredity, and inheritance?
Explanation:
The study of genes that combines with an organism's environment to determine development and behavior is called as Genetics.
The passing on characteristics from parents to their offspring, through sexual reproduction is termed as Heredity.
Inheritance is the practice of transferring assets, securities, debts, rights and obligations after the death of an individual.
In biology the study of heredity is known as genetics. The method of genetic transmission and identification of DNA is the current pillar of biology.
Final answer:
The study of genetics, heredity, and inheritance faces challenges like understanding disease resistance variability, the hereditary nature of genetic and psychological disorders, and the ethical implications of genetic privacy and discrimination.
Explanation:
The challenges surrounding genetics, heredity, and inheritance are numerous, and they play crucial roles in understanding why outcomes from the same disease vary among individuals. Underlying genetic differences can result in one individual surviving a disease while another succumbs—this points to the influence that genetic makeup has on disease resistance and the immune response. Genetic diseases can be passed through family lines following various patterns of inheritance, such as autosomal dominance and recessiveness, X-linked patterns, incomplete dominance, codominance, and lethality.
Furthermore, the genetic components to psychological disorders like depression or schizophrenia are an area of active research. While there is evidence to suggest a hereditary component in these conditions, environmental factors and gene-environment interactions are also significant contributors. Conditions such as childhood obesity can also have a genetic basis, compounded by lifestyle and psychological factors.
An ethical challenge in genetics is the right to privacy concerning an individual's genetic information. Medical, ethical, and social issues, such as discrimination based on genetic information or the ethical implications of genetic editing technologies, are at the forefront of modern genetics discussions.
PROJECT: ENERGY FLOW IN ECOSYSTEMS Assignment Directions: Part 1: Draw and describe a food chain that shows the flow of energy between IMAGINARY organisms. Be sure to create at least seven make-believe organisms. Part 2: Then, draw an energy pyramid for at least three of the organisms from your food web. Show how energy varies as you move up the pyramid. Part 3: Label the tropic level for each organism (producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, etc). Assignment Guidelines: Drawing correctly shows connections between organisms and demonstrates an understanding of food webs, trophic levels, and energy pyramids. Drawing is neat and interesting to look at. Drawing has correct spelling and labeling. Submission Requirements: A picture and description of a food chain and an energy pyramid When submitting written assignments, please remember to: Submit the assignment question(s) and your responses. Proofread for spelling, grammar, and punctuation.
Answer:
The food chain showing seven organisms can be drawn as follows:
Plants → grasshoppers → mice → frog → snakes→ eagles → decomposers
The plants are the primary source of food in a food chain or a food web. The animals which feed on plants will be termed as herbivores or primary consumers like the grasshopper. The organisms feeding on primary consumers will be the secondary consumers like mice.
An energy pyramid for three of the organisms can be shown as follows:
mice (10 kilocalories)
↑
Grasshoppers (100 kilocalories)
↑
Plants ( 1000 kilocalories)
As the energy pyramid shows, only about 10% of the energy travels from one trophic level to another.
The food chain is defined as the relationship of organisms in an ecological area. The food chain comprises several trophic levels, in which organisms are categorized at different levels.
The food chain for the grasslands is given as:
Plants - insects - lizard or mouse - snakes - hawks - decomposers
The plants are the autotrophs that prepare their food and occupy the first trophic level as producers. The insects are the herbivorous animals or insects that are termed as primary consumers in the second trophic level, followed by secondary, tertiary, and quaternary consumers. The last three trophic level consumers are carnivores.
The energy pyramid of the organism is given in the attachment below.
The energy flow in the food chain follows the 10% law, which means that only 10% of the energy is transferred at each trophic level and the rest is lost as heat.
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describe how information is transmitted from light receptors in the retina to the brain
PLEASE HELP ASAP
Answer:
Explained below
Explanation:
The wall of an eyeball has three layered-
ScleraChoroidRetinaThe space in the center of an eyeball is filled with jelly like material called vitreous humor, which allows light to pass through retina.
Innermost layer of eyeball (retina) is a soft, light sensitive layer of nervous system tissue. Signals from retina to brain carried out by optic nerve, which convert them as visual image.
what type of mutation causes no change in the amino acid sequence of a protein?
Explanation:
Single nucleotide polymorphisms
Single nucleotide polymorphisms involve a change in a nucleotide base which is part of triplet codon. Because the genetic code shows degeneracy, minor changes do not affect the mRNA sequence or codons.
Further Explanation:
Spontaneous changes within the genome can occur during the phase of cell division, called mutations. These are errors when copies of the DNA are made within the cell; mutations can range from small changes called single nucleotide polymorphisms to large-scale deletions and multi-gene additions.
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A silent mutation is the type of mutation that does not alter the amino acid sequence of a protein, as it changes one codon to another that encodes the same amino acid.
Explanation:The type of mutation that causes no change in the amino acid sequence of a protein is known as a silent mutation. This occurs because the genetic code is redundant, meaning that multiple codons can encode the same amino acid. Thus, when a silent mutation occurs, a codon is changed to another codon that still encodes the same amino acid. For example, a change from CCA to CCU will still encode the amino acid proline, and as a result, the protein sequence remains unchanged.
A silent mutation is a type of mutation that causes no change in the amino acid sequence of a protein. It occurs when a codon mutation results in the use of a different, but chemically similar, amino acid. For example, a change from CCA to CCU will still encode proline, so no discernible change occurs.
These mutations can occur in non-coding regions or within exons without altering the final amino acid sequence. They are only detectable if the gene is sequenced, as they do not change the protein product.
Which of these events happens during M phase in the cell cycle?
O
A. The nucleus of a cell divides into two identical nuclei.
O
B. All of a cell's chromosomes are copied when DNA replicates.
. The cell's DNA is checked for errors in replication.
O
D. The cell grows in size by adding cytoplasm and cell organelles.
"The nucleus of a cell divides into two identical nuclei" happens during M phase in the cell cycle.
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
A series of events is a cell cycle which take place within a cell as it expands and divides. An "interphase" is most time taking phase of cycle as it develops and replicates its chromosomes then prepares for cell division.
The second phase is "mitosis" which itself have four important subphase like Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase, out of four prophase is most time taking and rank second after interphase in occupying more time.
Here the replicated chromosomes split in two different nuclei. These genetically identical cells have chromosomes which results after cell-division.
What is the basic definition of evolution?
Answer: Cumulative inherited change in a population of organisms through time leading to the appearance of new forms
Explanation:
photosynthesis changes light energy into ____ energy
Answer:
Photosynthesis changes light energy into chemical energy.
Answer:
Chemical energy.
Explanation:
"Photosynthesis is the process plants use to change light energy into chemical energy. This chemical energy is stored in the form of a sugar called glucose. Photosynthesis occurs mainly in the leaves of plants. Very little, if any, occurs in other parts of the plant."
1. Which of the following observations is true
concerning the effect of body mass on
demographics?
a. The higher the body mass, the higher
the population density
b. The lower the body mass, the higher
the population density
C. The higher the body mass, the higher
the population size
d. The lower the body mass, the higher
the population size
Answer:
Which of the following observations is true concerning the effect of body mass on demographics?
The lower the body mass, the higher the population size
Explanation:
Final answer:
The true observation is that b) the lower the body mass, the higher the population density; larger animals require more resources, leading to lower population densities.
Explanation:
The correct observation concerning the effect of body mass on demographics is that the lower the body mass, the higher the population density. This is generally because smaller organisms require fewer resources and are more efficient with their energy usage on a per-unit mass basis, allowing them to sustain higher numbers in a given area. Larger animals, on the other hand, consume more resources and have a higher energy demand, which typically results in lower population densities.
Considering the information provided the accurate answer to the question is option b: The lower the body mass, the higher the population density.
Describe the three basic levels in an ecosystem. Provide an example of each.
Answer:
Producers: The green plants that make high energy molecule such as glucose (food) by the help of the sunlight is known as the producers.
Example: Plants and blue-green algae.
Consumers: The small animals that feed on the plants for their energy requirement is known as consumers.
Example: Rabbit, Goat, Cow
Decomposers: The bacteria, fungi and other microorganism that feed on the dead and decaying animals and obtain energy from this organic matter is known as decomposers.
Example: Winter fungus.
Answer:
Producers: There are the organisms that can make their own food in the ecosystem such as green plants and chemo synthetic bacteria.
Consumers: These are the organisms that feed on these producers to obtain energy such as the herbivores.
Decomposers: These are the organisms that break down living things to organis matter when they die.
Explanation:
Will cloning lead to designer babies who are denied an open future?
Which of the following is not true about Darwin’s book On the Origin of Species?
Answer: D. It was based on his findings in south africa
Gregor Mendel concluded that the tall plants in the P generation passed the factor for tallness to the F,
generation
true or false?
Answer:
True
Explanation:
In one particular experiment, Mendel took pollen from a true breeding short pea plant and cross pollinated them with a true breeding tall pea plant. The true breeding plants are called the parental generation. After planting the seeds collected, he observed that all the offspring were tall just like the tall parental plant. The offspring belong to filial generation.
how is motion recognized
the punnet square below represents the result of the cross between two tall pea plants.
part a: identify the genotypes & phenotypic ratios of the offspring (2 points)
part b: identify two offspring from the punnet square that could produce short pea plants if they were crossed. explain your answer (2 points)
Answer:
Part a:
The phenotypic ration will be 4:0. This is because all the offsprins will be taal,
The genotypic ration will be 2:2. This is because there will be a 50% chance of the offsprings to be homozygous tall. There is also a 50% chance for the offsprings to be heterozygous tall.
Part b:
When two heterozygotes will be crossed, there will be 25% chance that the offspring could be short pea plant.
T t
T TT Tt
t Tt tt
Where in a eukaryotic cell does transcription take place?
A. in the nucleus
B. on ribosomes in the cytoplasm
C. in Golgi bodies
D. inside the lysosomes
Transcription takes place in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell.
Process of Transcription requires RNA Polymerase enzyme and transcription factors to make primary transcript i.e. mRNA. The RNA Polymerase is found in the nucleolus of the nucleus and the DNA replication also occurs in the nucleus, so the DNA template and RNA polymerase and transcription factors are found in nucleus, hence transcription occurs in the nucleus of the cell.
Explanation:
Transcription, a part of gene expression where DNA is copied into RNA, occurs in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell.
Explanation:In a eukaryotic cell, transcription occurs in the nucleus. Transcription is a crucial part of gene expression, where a part of the DNA in the nucleus is copied into RNA, specifically messenger RNA (mRNA). The mRNA then goes from the nucleus to the cytoplasm where translation happens on ribosomes, producing proteins. But transcription itself, the process of creating an RNA copy of a sequence of DNA, takes place in the nucleus.
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In a population, natural selection acts on
Answer:
In a population, natural selection acts on phenotype of individuals.
Explanation:
Natural selection tends to favour those organisms of a population which carry traits that allow them to be better adapted to the environment and these traits are passed on to their offsprings. Natural selection tends to act on the phenotype of the population whereas evolution is the phenomenon which changes the allele frequencies. Natural selection acts on individual organisms of a population whereas the change in populations, on the whole, arises due to evolution.
Natural selection within a population acts on the phenotypes of individuals. It affects differential survival and reproduction success, leading to advantageous traits becoming more common in successive generations.
Explanation:In a population, natural selection primarily acts on the phenotypes (the observable physical and biological traits) of individuals, not directly on their genotypes (the genetic makeup). Natural selection operates based on the differential survival and reproduction success of individuals. Those with advantageous traits have a higher likelihood of survival and reproduction, and these traits become more common in the population over generations. As a result, the population can gradually evolve.
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Which of the following is a substrate used in cellular respiration.
Question 8 options:
carbon dioxide
rubisco
the product of photosynthesis
ion channels
The product of photosynthesis is the substrate used in cellular respiration
Explanation:
The product of photosynthesis is glucose which is used in cellular respiration as a substrate. Glucose enters the glycolysis, forming pyruvate, pyruvate when reacted with pyruvate dehydrogenase forms 2 molecules of acetyl CoA. These 2 molecules of Acetyl CoA enters the TCA cycle forming reducing agents which eventually enters Electron Transport Chain forming ATP molecules.
How is climate change relate to Environmental science
Answer:
Explanation:
Well, climate change is directly related to the environment. It effects everything around us, such as animals, plants, the ozone layer, different climates, etc.
Climate change is a major topic within Environmental Science, exploring its causes, effects, and solutions to address it.
Explanation:Climate change is closely related to Environmental Science as it is a major topic studied within the field. Environmental Science examines the impact of human activities on the environment, including the changes happening to the Earth's climate. It explores how human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes contribute to the greenhouse effect and climate change.
Environmental Science also investigates the consequences of climate change, such as rising global temperatures, sea-level rise, extreme weather events, and changes in ecosystems. Students studying Environmental Science learn about the causes, effects, and solutions to address climate change and strive to find sustainable ways to minimize its negative impact on the environment and society as a whole.
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Which statement is true of crossing over?
A. It occurs during prophase of mitosis.
B. It allows for genetic variation.
C. It occurs only in animals.
D. It stops genetic variation.
Answer:
B. It allows for genetic variation.
Explanation:
As prophase progresses, homologous chromosomes come to lie side by side and become intertwined rather like a zipper. This process is called synapsis. During synapsis, homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material between one another which allows for genetic variation. This exchange is called crossing over.
Experiment1
A student tested to see if ultraviolet light made plants grow
more slowly. She followed a logical method and used
control and experimental groups. She repeated her
experiment several times and each time found that plants
grow slightly slower with ultraviolet light
Experiment 2
A student tested to see if a new fertilizer made roses
bloom earlier. She used a logical method and control and
experimental groups. She periomed one experiment and
found that the fertilizer had no effect
Which experiment most likely has greater reliability, and why?
O A Number 2 because it has control and experimental groups
O B Number 1. because the experiment proved the hapothesis
O
C Number 1 because the experiment was repeated with the same
ooo
O
Number 2 because she performed only one experiment
Answer:
C number 1 because the experiment was repeated
The experiment that ultraviolet light made plants grow more slowly is the experiment most likely has greater reliability in which the experiment repeated several times and each time found that plants grow slightly slower with ultraviolet rays because the experiment was repeated with the same. Thus,option C is correct.
What are the effects of ultraviolet light on plant growth?
The main effect of ultraviolet light on plant growth is during photosynthetic active radiation under high level, UV -B light increases the net plant photosynthesis in several plant species.
Higher production of flavonoids can be induced under both UV-B and high PAR in young and old plant leaves.
When UV light is obtained by plants resins production increases and plant become richer in smelling and better in tasting.
Due to increase in resin production the plant is protected from pests and diseases.
Therefore,the experiment that ultraviolet light made plants grow more slowly is the experiment most likely has greater reliability in which the experiment repeated several times and each time found that plants grow slightly slower with ultraviolet rays because the experiment was repeated with the same. Thus,option C is correct.
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A student notices that the saucer below a coffee cup becomes warmer after coffee is poured into the cup. Energy was transferred from –
the cup to the saucer by conduction.
the saucer to the cup by conduction.
the cup to the saucer by convection.
the saucer to the cup by convection.
Answer:
The correct option is A) the cup to the saucer by conduction
Explanation:
Conduction can be described as a process in which heat from an object that is warmer is transferred to an object which is cooler until both the objects have an equal amount of heat. When coffee is poured in a cup, the cup gets heat and its heat is greater than the saucer which is cooler. As a result of conduction, heat passed to the saucer from the cup until both have equal amounts of heat. Hence, the correct option is A.
In the given scenario, the heat energy was transferred from:
A). the cup to the saucer by conduction.
Conduction is described as the process by which the heat transfers from one material to another.In the given case, the hot coffee leads to the transfer of heat to the cup and then to the saucer below it through conduction.The conduction allows the heat from the cup to transfer to the saucer till they both share same level of heat.Thus, option A is the correct answer.
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how would it be possible to have the normal amount of a hormone circulating in the blood yet still have symptoms that indicate a shortage of that hormone?
Answer/Explanation:
There are a few ways this could be possible.
It could be that the receptors in the cell that are supposed to recognise and respond to the hormone are not working (by mutation, shortage, or inhibited by another factor). Therefore, even though there is plenty of hormone circling, the hormone is unable to cause the normal signalling responses, because the receptor is not acting upon its binding. This could also be true for a variety of proteins involved in that particular pathway, maybe the receptor protein is working fine, but another protein in that pathway is malfunctioning.
Another option could be that for some reason the cell is targeting the hormone for degradation, meaning it is unable to carry out its functions even though it is present in the blood.
The possible reason for the symptom of lack of hormone with the presence of hormone circulating has been lack of receptor susceptibility, or presence of hormone degrading enzyme.
Hormones are chemical messenger that travels in the bloodstream and performs various functions. The hormones are the proteins that act as signal transducers.
The presence of hormones in the bloodstream through experiencing symptoms of lack of hormone has been due to the lack of receptor susceptibility to detect the hormone.
Another factor that has been mediating the lack of hormones has been the degradation of the enzyme. The presence of enzymes or other substances degrades the hormones and results in the lack of detected hormones.
Thus, the hormone through being present in the blood has remained undetected due to lack of receptor susceptibility, or presence of hormone degrading enzyme.
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Discribe the process of natural selection.
Answer:
The process by which organisms that are better suited to their environment than others produce more offspring. As a result of natural selection, the proportion of organisms in a species with characteristics that are adaptive to a given environment increases with each generation.
Explanation:
Identify the molecule that is not a compound ?
O=O i.e Oxygen gas is not a compound.
Explanation:
Compound is formed when two different elements combine by chemical bonds like covalent, ionic, metallic and coordinate bonds. eg. water, SiH4
Molecule is formed when two same atoms form bonds between them, they are formed by sharing of electrons between them.
How is the cell in Diagram B effectively using its resources?
Since lactose is absent, the repressor protein is blocking the genes and stopping transcription.
Since lactose is present, the repressor protein will begin transcription.
The cell continually produces the enzymes needed to break down lactose.
RNA polymerase is transcribing the genes since lactose is present.
Since lactose is absent, the repressor protein is blocking the genes and stopping transcription.
Option A.
Explanation:Lac operon or lactose operon is the genetic mechanism of the cell to produce the enzyme digesting lactose by production of lactase enzymes. The bacterial cell has this mechanism of lac operon which controls the production of definite amount of lactase only in presence of lactose, to minimize the wastage of proteins.
In the lac operon, there are cap sites, promoter region, operator region, and the genes producing enzymes. In presence of lactose, protein produced from the promoter attaches with the lactose which acts as inducer and frees up the operator sites for RNA polymerase to act. But in absence of glucose, the operator site remains blocked, as in figure B, restricting the lactase production.
Answer: Answer is A
Explanation: I took the Test
Please help asap
(show your work)
How much does it cost to run a 100 volt appliance at 30 amps for 2 hours at $ .02 a kwh?
Final answer:
To find the cost to run a 100-volt appliance at 30 amps for 2 hours, multiply the appliance's power in kilowatts (3 kW) by the time in hours (2 h) to get the energy used in kilowatt-hours (6 kWh), then multiply that by the cost per kWh ($0.02) to get the total cost of $0.12.
Explanation:
To calculate the cost of running an appliance, we need to find the total energy used and multiply it by the cost per unit of energy. The energy used by an appliance is given by the formula E(Pt) where E is energy in kilowatt-hours (kWh), P is power in kilowatts (kW), and t is time in hours (h).
First, convert the appliance's power consumption to kilowatts:
Power (kW) = Voltage (V) × Current (A) / 1000 = 100V × 30A / 1000 = 3 kW.
Then, calculate the energy used:
Energy (kWh) = Power (kW) × Time (h) = 3 kW × 2 h = 6 kWh.
Finally, calculate the cost:
Cost = Energy (kWh) × Cost per kWh = 6 kWh × $0.02 = $0.12.
Therefore, the cost to run a 100-volt appliance at 30 amps for 2 hours at $0.02 per kWh is $0.12.
Which statement best describes the limits of science?
A. Science is unable to answer religious questions:
B. Science is unable to answer abstract questions.
C. When scientific methods are used, science can answer any
question.
D. Typically, science is used to answer only mathematical questions.
Answer:
A. science is unable to answer religious questions
Answer:
d
Explanation:
Explain how lifestyle and medical risk factors increase the chance of developing
CHD.
Lifestyle factors such as poor diet, lack of exercise, smoking, and medical risk factors such as high blood pressure and cholesterol levels increase the chance of developing coronary heart disease (CHD).
Lifestyle and medical risk factors raise CHD risk. Poor diet, physical inactivity, smoking, excessive alcohol intake, and chronic stress accelerate CHD. Saturated and trans fats can increase cholesterol and plaque in the arteries. Obesity, high blood pressure, and diabetes—risk factors for CHD—can result from inactivity. Smoking destroys blood arteries, raises blood pressure, and lowers cardiac oxygen. Chronic stress increases blood pressure and inflammation, harming the heart.
Hypertension, diabetes, excessive cholesterol, and obesity are medical risks. These disorders directly affect cardiovascular function, promoting CHD. Diabetes and hypertension strain the heart and arteries. Obesity strains the heart, and high cholesterol causes artery plaque to block blood flow.
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