What maximum fraction of the air in the room could be displaced by the gaseous nitrogen?

Answer:

Concentration of reactants and products

Explanation:

Answer:

-A lot of what happens in an organism is based on chemical reactions.

- Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions that take place in cells.

Explanation:

Have a good day (:

One of the most convenient ways of finding or calculating for the midpoint of the line segment is to get the average of the coordinates of the points.

Average of abscissa = (0 + 0) / 2 = 0

Average of ordinate = (0 + 15) / 2 = 7.5

 Hence, the midpoint of the line segment is equal to (0, 15/2).

The value of the y-intercept is 15/2. 

Answer : The y-coordinate of the midpoint of a vertical line segment is, 7.5

Step by step explanation :

The method used to calculate the y-coordinate of the midpoint of a vertical line segment is, Mid-point formula.

If a line segment AB with endpoints at [tex](x_A,x_B)[/tex] and [tex](y_A,y_B)[/tex]

The mid-point formula will be,

[tex]M=(\frac{x_A+x_B}{2},\frac{y_A+y_B}{2})[/tex]

Now we have to calculate the x-coordinates and y-coordinates.

The given endpoints are, (0, 0) and (0, 15)

[tex]x_A=0,x_B=0\\\\y_A=0,y_B=15[/tex]

[tex]M=(\frac{x_A+x_B}{2},\frac{y_A+y_B}{2})[/tex]

[tex]M=(\frac{0+0}{2},\frac{0+15}{2})=(0,7.5)[/tex]

The x-coordinate of the midpoint of a vertical line segment is, 0

The y-coordinate of the midpoint of a vertical line segment is, 7.5

Therefore, the y-coordinate of the midpoint of a vertical line segment is, 7.5

Answer:

A

Explanation:

Glycolysis is the first set of reactions in the breakdown of glucose.

During glycolysis, there are many enzymes and reactions that take place, in order to produce 2 molecules of ATP, and pyruvate.

Pyruvate then goes on to be part of another set of reactions which release more energy.

Glycolysis is the reaction that takes place in our bodies, and we do not produce our own oxygen, and hence option B is incorrect.

Option C is considered incorrect because although water and carbon dioxide are formed as products, glycolysis does not store energy in those molecules.

Option D is also wrong, because glycolysis does not recycle glucose, it breaks it down to release energy.

Periodic table is divided into three metals, non metals and metalloids. The metals are kept on the left side of the periodic table. The correct option is option A.

Metals are the element that have property to loose electron. The examples of non metals are sodium, potassium, Aluminum, copper etc.

The properties of metals are:

Metals are not soft.

Metals are malleable that is they can be broken into thin sheets.

Metals are ductile they can be broken into thin wires.

Metals are not brittle in nature that is they can not be broken down easily.

Metals are lustrous.

Metals conduct electricity as electrons can flow freely in metals.

Therefore, metals are good conductors of electrical current as  Electrons can flow freely in metals. The correct option is option A.

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Answer:

D. Separating a salt solution by evaporating the water

Explanation:

B. Allowing a nail to rust is a chemical change.

Becuase once the nail rust it turns into flakes and therefore is no longer a nail.

C. building a model rocket propelled by mixing baking soda and vinegar

By mixing baking soda (a powder) into vinegar ( a Acid) it causes a explosion...

the baking soda dissolve into the acid.... This a chemical reaction

A.creating salt by reacting sodium metal and chlorine gas

Sodium is salt but it says.... Sodium metal..... chlorine gas Changes color and it has a strong odor... chlorine gas with sodium metal turns it into salt.... it doesnt stay a metal or a gas it CHANGES.....

so therefore its a Chemical change

When A object or substance changes form or it causes a exsplosion or reaction it is a chemical change.

D. Separating a salt solution by evaporating the water

For a physical change your object may change color or shape but its still the same object.

salt in water ... The salt dont dissolve it just salty water.

So seperating salt by evaporating the water is a physical change.

The answer is separating a salt solution by evaporating the water

A physical change can be described as a change that cannot be reversed. In a physical change, there is no creation of a new substance. Although there may be a slight change in the matter, size, color or shape of the compound that is undergoing this change. In this type of change(physical change) the physical part/appearance of the compound might change but this does not in any way affect the chemical composition of the substance.

These options listed below are not examples of a physical change;

- creating salt by reacting sodium metal and chlorine gas

- allowing a nail to rust

- building a model rocket propelled by mixing baking soda and vinegar

Hence the example of physical change in the option is;

Separating a salt solution by evaporating the water

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Answer : The sample is, CO (carbon monoxide)

Solution : Given,

Mass of C = 24.50 g

Mass of O = 32.59 g

Molar mass of C = 12 g/mole

Molar mass of O = 16 g/mole

First convert given masses into moles.

Moles of C = [tex]\frac{\text{ given mass of C}}{\text{ molar mass of C}}= \frac{24.50g}{12g/mole}=2.04moles[/tex]

Moles of O = [tex]\frac{\text{ given mass of O}}{\text{ molar mass of O}}= \frac{32.59g}{16g/mole}=2.04moles[/tex]

Now for the mole ratio, divide each value of moles by the smallest number of moles calculated.

For C = [tex]\frac{2.04}{2.04}=1[/tex]

For O = [tex]\frac{2.04}{2.04}=1[/tex]

The ratio of C : O = 1 : 1

The mole ratio of the element is represented by subscripts in empirical formula.

The Empirical formula = [tex]C_1O_1[/tex] or, [tex]CO[/tex]

Therefore, the sample is, CO (carbon monoxide)

The sample is carbon monoxide, CO

To obtain the name of the sample, we shall determine the empirical formula of the compound. This can be obtained as follow:

Carbon (C) = 24.50 g

Oxygen (O) = 32.59 g

C = 24.50 / 12 = 2.04

O = 32.59 / 16 = 2.04

C = 2.04 / 2.04 = 1

O = 2.04 / 2.04 = 1

Thus, the empirical formula of the compound is CO.

The name of the CO is carbon monoxide.

Therefore, we can conclude that the sample is carbon monoxide, CO.

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Final answer:

To find the number of protons in a 10.8 g gold ring, calculate the number of gold atoms using the molar mass, then multiply that number by the atomic number of gold, which is 79.

Explanation:

The student is asking about the number of protons in a gold ring. Since gold has an atomic number of 79, every atom of gold contains 79 protons. To find the total number of protons in the ring, we need to calculate the number of gold atoms present in 10.8 grams of gold and then multiply that number by 79.

The molar mass of gold is 197 g/mol, which tells us one mole of gold atoms weighs 197 grams. The number of atoms in one mole, known as Avogadro's number, is 6.022 x 10^23. So, the calculation goes as follows:

Answer:

these blank spots represented elements that had yet to be discovered.

Answer Calcium chloride has the molecular formula [tex]CaCl_{2}[/tex]  from which we can say that  one molecule of calcium chloride consist of one atom of calcium and two atoms of chlorine.

given : 2 mol of [tex]CaCl_{2}[/tex]

total moles of chlorine atoms = number of atoms in one mole  × number of formula units= 2×2= 4

Total number of atom = Total number of moles × Avogadro number

So, total number of chlorine atoms =

             4 × 6.0221×[tex]10^{23}[/tex] =2.4088×[tex]10^{24}[/tex] atoms

Answer:

octane

Explanation:

bc it is

Substance which can be decomposed by chemical means is octane.

Decomposition reactions are reactions where in the compound or molecule taking part in the chemical reaction is broken down in to its constituents elements which are present in the compound. It is the opposite of combination reaction.

Decomposition reaction  are of three types:

1) Thermochemical decomposition

2)Electrolytic decomposition

3)Photolytic decomposition

Among the given substances, the three mentioned are elements which cannot be broken into further substances.Thus,aluminium,xenon and silicon which are elements cannot be decomposed further.

Octane is a compound with a chemical formula C₈H₁₈ composed of 8 carbon atoms and 18 hydrogen atoms. As it is a compound it is decomposed into methane, ethane and hydrogen gas.

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Final answer:

Chemists must consider economic costs, environmental impact, thermodynamic constraints, and societal demands when developing new technologies. They face challenges in optimization, scalability, safety, and compliance with environmental regulations. Embracing green chemistry practices is increasingly important for sustainable development.

Explanation:

When developing new technologies, chemists must consider a range of complex problems. These include the design and synthesis of new materials, creation of new fuels, fabrics, and foods at low cost, and finding eco-friendly solutions for waste disposal, air and water purification. They must be mindful of the constraints imposed by thermodynamics while meeting society's demands. Additionally, the development of instant drug therapies for diseases is another area of focus.

In the industrial sector, an industrial chemist prioritizes the cost of synthesis and the economic value of the molecules being developed. They strive for economical synthetic procedures that consider not only the cost of the chemicals but also waste treatment and environmental impact. This may involve overcoming challenges in scaling up reactions while ensuring reproducibility, safety, and cost-effectiveness.

Chemical engineers face the challenges of optimizing reaction conditions to avoid side-reactions and ensure high-quality products within pharmaceutical production and other industrial processes. They also deal with the development and design of facilities for chemical manufacturing with consideration for environmental, safety, and consumer welfare.

Finally, the responsibilities of chemists and chemical engineers now extend beyond traditional manufacturing concerns to include regulatory compliance, liability issues, and the incorporation of principles of green chemistry to reduce the use of hazardous materials and minimize environmental impact.

There should be 5 dots indicated in the electron dot structure of arsenic.

Arsenic is a chemical element with the symbol As and atomic number 33. It is a post-transition metal in the periodic table and is chemically similar to its group neighbours sulfur and phosphorus.

The electron dot structure of arsenic is a representation of the valence electrons of the arsenic atom. The valence electrons are the electrons that are found in the outermost shell of the atom. They are the electrons that are involved in chemical bonding.

The atomic number of arsenic is 33, which means that there are 33 protons in the nucleus of an arsenic atom. The number of electrons in a neutral atom is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus. This means that there are also 33 electrons in a neutral arsenic atom.

The electron configuration of arsenic is [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p³. This means that the outermost shell of arsenic has 5 electrons. The 3d¹⁰ electrons are filled, and the 4s² 4p³ electrons are the valence electrons.

The 5 valence electrons of arsenic are represented by 5 dots in the electron dot structure. The dots are arranged around the arsenic atom in a trigonal pyramidal shape.

The electron dot structure of arsenic is important for understanding the chemical properties of arsenic. The valence electrons of arsenic are involved in chemical bonding, and the shape of the electron dot structure affects the reactivity of arsenic.

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A neutral atom has equal number of protons and electrons. The proton is positive while the electron is negative so it cancels out when it has equal number. In this case, there are 3 more protons. Therefore the charge of the ion is 3+.

Answer:

3+

An ion with 27 protons and 24 electrons has a +3 charge, resulting from the surplus of three protons over electrons.

The charge on an ion is determined by the difference between the number of protons and electrons. In this case, the ion has 27 protons and 24 electrons. Since protons have a positive charge and electrons have a negative charge, an ion with more protons than electrons will have a positive charge. The charge is calculated as the number of protons minus the number of electrons, which in this case is 27 - 24 = +3. Therefore, the ion has a +3 charge.

To solve this problem, we must assume ideal gas behaviour so that we can use Graham’s law:

vA / vB = sqrt (MW_B / MW_A)

where,

vA = speed of diffusion of A  (HBR)

vB = speed of diffusion of B (unknown)

MW_B = molecular weight of B (unkown)

MW_A = molar weight of HBr = 80.91 amu

We know from the given that:

vA / vB = 1 / 1.49

So,

1/1.49 = sqrt (MW_B / 80.91)

MW_B = 36.44 g/mol

Since this unknown is also hydrogen halide, therefore this must be in the form of HX.

HX = 36.44 g/mol , therefore:

x = 35.44 g/mol

From the Periodic Table, Chlorine (Cl) has a molar mass of 35.44 g/mol. Therefore the hydrogen halide is:

HCl

Answer: Phosphorylation of ADP will lead to the formation of ATP.

Explanation:

The phosphorylation of ADP will lead to the formation of ATP. Phosphorylation can be defined as the chemical process by which the phosphorous is added to the adenosine di phosphate to convert it into adenosine tri phosphate.

This is a high energy molecules which provide energy for all the metabolic processes inside the body.

hence, phosphorylation of ADP will produce ATP.

27,586

Given:

A single gold atom has a diameter of [tex]\boxed{ \ 2.9 \times 10^{-8} \ cm. \ }[/tex]

From a reference, the Rutherford gold foil used in his scattering experiment had a thickness of approximately [tex]\boxed{ \ 8 \times 10^{-3} \ mm. \ }[/tex]

Question:

How many atoms thick were Rutherford's foil?

The Process:

Convert thickness from mm to cm.

[tex]\boxed{ \ 8 \times 10^{-3} \ mm = 8 \times 10^{-3} \times 10{-1} \ cm \ } \rightarrow \boxed{ \ 8 \times 10^{-4} \ cm \} [/tex]

The number of atoms is calculated from gold foil thickness divided by the atomic diameter.

[tex]\boxed{ \ = \frac{8 \times 10^{-4} \ cm}{2.9 \times 10^{-8} \ cm} \ }[/tex]

[tex]\boxed{ \ =2.7586 \times 10^4 \ atoms \ }[/tex]

Therefore, we get an atomic thickness of 27,586 atoms.

Notes:

Keywords: if a single gold atom, has a diameter of 2.9 x 10⁻⁸ cm, how many, atoms thick, Rutherford's foil, his scattering experiment

Rutherford’s foil was [tex]\boxed{{\text{27586 atoms}}}[/tex] thick.

Further Explanation:

Rutherford’s experiment:

Alpha particles were used by Rutherford in his experiment for demonstrate the structure of atom. This experiment was put forward to overcome the drawbacks of Thomson’s atomic model.

Postulates of Rutherford’s experiment:

1.Atom’s positive charge is located in very small volume and this is called atomic nucleus. It is the central part of any atom.

2.Electrons are allowed to revolve around atomic nucleus in definite orbits.

3.There is strong electrostatic force of attraction between electrons and atomic nucleus.

Drawbacks of Rutherford’s experiment:

1.This model did not provide any description about the distribution of electrons in orbits.

2.Stability of atom was not explained.

3. It failed to explain Maxwell’s theory of electromagnetic radiation.

We know, thickness of gold foil that was used by Rutherford in his experiment was [tex]8 \times {10^{ - 3}}{\text{ mm}}[/tex].

The thickness of gold foil is converted from mm to cm. The conversion factor for this is,

[tex]1{\text{ mm}} = {10^{ - 1}}{\text{ cm}}[/tex]  

Therefore thickness of gold foil can be calculated as follows:

 [tex]\begin{aligned}{\text{Thickness of gold foil}} &= \left( {8 \times {{10}^{ - 3}}{\text{ mm}}} \right)\left( {\frac{{{{10}^{ - 1}}{\text{ cm}}}}{{1{\text{ mm}}}}} \right) \\&= 8 \times {10^{ - 4}}{\text{ cm}} \\\end{aligned}[/tex]

Diameter of single gold atom is given as [tex]2.9 \times {10^{ - 8}}{\text{ cm}}[/tex]. Therefore number of gold atoms can be calculated as follows:

[tex]\begin{aligned}{\text{Number of gold atoms}} &= \frac{{8 \times {{10}^{ - 4}}{\text{ cm}}}}{{2.9 \times {{10}^{ - 8}}{\text{ cm}}}} \\&= 27586.2{\text{ atoms}} \\& \approx {\text{27586 atoms}} \\\end{aligned}[/tex]  

Hence Rutherford’s foil used in the gold-foil experiment was 27586 atoms thick, provided the diameter of single gold atom is [tex]2.9 \times {10^{ - 8}}{\text{ cm}}[/tex].

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Answer details:

Grade: High School

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Atomic Structure

Keywords: Rutherford, atom, drawbacks, gold atoms, alpha particles, 27586 atoms, thick, Rutherford’s foil, diameter.