What type of bonding is represented in the figure (Picture attached)

Unfavorable abiotic and biotic factors can severely impact species by altering habitats, limiting resources, and affecting net primary productivity, which can threaten survival and reproduction of plants and animals.

Unfavorable abiotic factors, such as extreme temperatures, low rainfall, high salinity, and insufficient sunlight, can drastically affect a species by altering its habitat, reducing its food resources, limiting its water supply, and challenging its survival and reproduction. Biotic factors like competition, predation, and disease also play a critical role in shaping a species' ability to thrive. For example, in aquatic environments, high salinity and low light levels due to algal blooms can hinder the survival of freshwater species. In contrast, on land, poor soil quality and extreme climate conditions can affect plant growth, which in turn influences the animal populations that depend on those plants for sustenance.

Net primary productivity is also influenced by abiotic factors. It represents the rate at which plants convert atmospheric carbon dioxide into biomass through photosynthesis minus the rate at which they use this biomass for respiration. When conditions like sunlight and water availability are unfavorable, net primary productivity declines, leading to a decrease in available energy and resources within an ecosystem.

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Answer: A. secondary succession

An ecological succession is a phenomena which involves gradual series of events which brings changes in the biotic community of the ecosystem with respect to changes in the non- living factors such as soil, water, natural calamity like (forest fire, drought, flood) and time until the ecosystem attains stability. Secondary succession occurs in an area which was previously colonized by floral and faunal species but was disturbed by natural or man-made calamity like forest fire, clear-cut, drought, flooding.The ecosystem again attain colonization due remains of biological species and suitable abiotic factors such as soil, water, weather. Secondary succession is most likely to occur immediately after a rainforest in Brazil is clear-cut as secondary succession facilitates quicker compensation for damage and loss in an ecosystem.      

hello! it would have to be D. The force of gravity causes mass wasting to occur faster.

the reason being just that.

The Oxygen-Carbon Dioxide Cycle. Plants use carbon dioxide in a process known as photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, plants give off oxygen as a waste product. ... Animals breathe in the oxygen made by plants and breathe out carbon dioxide as a waste product.

Solar energy is converted into chemical energy in bonds of glucose during photosynthesis. Hence, option A is correct.

The process by which plants convert carbon dioxide, water, and sunshine into oxygen and sugar-based energy is known as photosynthesis.

The process of photosynthesis is responsible for almost all of the oxygen in the atmosphere. The majority of creatures would vanish, there would soon be little food or other organic stuff on Earth, and the atmosphere would eventually be nearly barren of gaseous oxygen if photosynthesis stopped.

Chloroplasts, which house the chlorophyll in plants, are where photosynthesis occurs. The thylakoid membrane, a third inner membrane that creates long folds inside the chloroplast and is bordered by a double membrane, is present inside chloroplasts. Hence, option A is correct.

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The slope of the line on a position vs. time graph represents the velocity of an object. If the slope is positive, it means the object is getting faster. If the slope is negative, it means the object is slowing down. If the slope is zero, it means the object is not moving.

The slope of the line on a position vs. time graph represents the velocity of an object.

If the slope is positive, it means the object is moving in the positive direction, or getting faster. If the slope is negative, it means the object is moving in the negative direction, or slowing down. The steeper the slope, the greater the velocity of the object. If the slope is zero, it means the object is not moving, or its velocity is zero.

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Answer: density dependent  

Limiting factor is a resource or environmental condition which limits the growth, abundance or distribution of population of species in an ecosystem. A limiting factor can be living or non-living affecting the size of the population of species in an ecosystem. Density dependent limiting factor causes decline in population per capita growth with increasing population density. Density dependent limiting factors are mostly biotic (living) rather abiotic (non-living).

Density dependent limiting factor will affect a large population more than it affects a small population because of the following reasons:

1. Competition: When a population attains high density, the members of the population compete for available resources like food, shelter, water, mates and other resources required for survival and reproduction. The competition for resources will limit the members in the population.

2. Predation: Larger population may attract more number of predators. Therefore, density in this case will result in limitation in population size.

3. Disease: When more number of individuals living in the same locality, there are chances of transmittance of diseases, hence, will result in decrease in population.

4. Accumulation of waste: High population density can lead to accumulation of biological wastes, which can contaminate the living environment, hence can limit population size.

Final answer:

An electron microscope is used to see the detailed structure of a prokaryotic cell, as it has higher resolution and can penetrate the cell to view internal structures.

Explanation:

In order to see the detailed structure of a prokaryotic cell, an electron microscope is used instead of a light microscope. This is because an electron microscope uses a beam of electrons, which has a much smaller wavelength than visible light, allowing for higher resolution and magnification. The electron beam can penetrate the cell and provide details of the cell's internal structures, whereas a light microscope can only reveal the external structures of a cell.

Final answer:

A medium-sized star is about the size of our Sun, which is approximately 1.4 million kilometers in diameter. Most nearby stars are of similar size, and the Sun is brighter and more massive than about 80% of the stars in the Galaxy.

Explanation:

When considering the size of a medium-sized star, one can generally refer to a star that is about the size of our Sun. The Sun itself has a diameter of approximately 1.4 million kilometers. Most nearby stars have typical diameters around this scale, fitting the definition of a medium-sized star. However, there is a diverse range of star sizes, with some much smaller and others much larger than our Sun.

Various measurements and observations indicate that while there are exceptions, a significant number of stars fall within the spectrum of being medium-sized, implying sizes that are quite similar to our Sun. Stars significantly more massive than the Sun are quite rare within our local cosmic neighborhood; within 30 light-years of the Sun, none exceeds four times the mass of the Sun.

The Sun is also more massive than most of the stars in our vicinity, being brighter than about 80% of the stars in the Galaxy, further underscoring its qualification as a medium-sized star. Therefore, when referencing a medium-sized star, the size of our Sun serves as an apt comparison.

Answer:

Model                0M      5M      10M      15M     20M    25M     30M    35M     40M

Conglomerate  600g  590g   580g   520g   500g  460g    300g   210g    105g

Plain                 280g  260g   260g   250g   240g   235g    220g   215g   210g

In view of the chart and information table, the dissolving pace of both models is started gradually. As time proceeded with the plain model proceeded at a fundamentally the same as rate. The Conglomerate model was distinctive on the grounds that it expanded its dissolving rate gigantically from 25 minutes to 40 minutes.

Answer:

caused by the chemicals in mineral b.

Explanation:

Had it on my quiz

Final answer:

Water is crucial for animals due to its role in metabolic processes and temperature regulation, and unlike food, there are no reserves for water in the body. Dehydration can lead to serious health issues and death, which is why animals can survive longer without food than without water. Desert animals have adaptations for water conservation, further underscoring the importance of water for survival.

Explanation:

Importance of Water to Animal Survival

Water is so important to animals because it is essential for all metabolic processes, chemical reactions, and temperature regulation within the body. Unlike food, which can be stored as fat and utilized slowly over time, water is constantly being lost from the body through processes like urination, defecation, and perspiration, and must be replenished regularly to maintain physiological balance and prevent dehydration. Dehydration can lead to a loss of electrolytes, increase in body temperature, and even death if severe enough.

Animals are often able to survive longer without food than without water because their bodies can utilize stored energy reserves such as fat, protein, and carbohydrates to sustain basic metabolic functions. However, there are no reserves for water, and it is also needed to process these energy reserves. Additionally, some desert-dwelling animals have developed specialized adaptations to conserve water, like obtaining water from their prey or internal storage mechanisms.

Hydration is crucial in maintaining life and health for animals, and the lack of water intake is more immediately life-threatening than the lack of food. The survival rule often cited by survivalists, stating that one can survive without food for weeks but only days without water, illustrates the critical role water plays in survival.

Answer:

The independent varible is old and new and the dependent variable is 20 T-shirts.

Explanation:

An independent variable is a variable whose value does not depend on any other factor. Whereas a dependent variable is a variable whose value depends on another factor.

Hence, in the given situation old and new detergent are independent variables as they do not depend on any other factor.

On the other hand, 20 dirty T-shirts are dependent variable because they get clean only if the detergent is strong enough.

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Answer:

Yes matter can be reused.

Explanation:

According to law of conservation it can be says that matter can neither be created nor be destroyed but it can transform from one from to another form by the help[ of chemical reaction.

It is known that anything which occupies space and volume is known as matter. The simplest form of matter is atoms. These atoms combine to form molecules and these molecules bonded together with the help of chemical reaction and forms other molecules.

By the above discussion it can be concluded that matter is reused by the help of chemical reactions.

Answer:

Option A, 75 percent

Explanation:

Given -

Allele for widow’s peak (W) is completely dominant over the allele for a straight hairline (w).

A cross is carried between two parents that are heterozygous for a widow’s peak

Thus, the  offspring produced by the cross between two parents with genotype "Ww" is

Ww * Ww

WW, Ww, Ww, ww

Except "ww" genotype all the remaining offspring have widow's peak.

Thus, the probability of two parents heterozygous for a widow’s peak (Ww) having an offspring with a widow’s peak is

[tex]\frac{3}{4} * 100\\0.75*100\\75[/tex]%

Hence, option A is correct.

Genes are the hereditary unit, which transmits the genetic information from the parent to the offspring. Human-made and environmental factors can influence the expression of genes.

Thus, environmental factors such as sunlight, water, temperature, and oxygen level influence the genetic expression in organisms.

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Final answer:

The colors in the temperature anomalies figure illustrate the shift in global average temperatures from 1880 to 2012, transitioning from cooler to warmer periods, indicating a notable warming trend. The visualization supports the consensus that recent decades have seen significant temperature increases, largely attributed to human activities.

Explanation:

The colors on the temperature anomalies figure indicate changes in the global average temperature over time, from 1880 to 2012. The transition from cooler colors such as blue to warmer colors like yellow, orange, and red, reflects a general trend of rising temperatures. The blue colors represent cooler-than-average temperatures, while the warmer colors indicate temperatures that are warmer than average. The black line represents a smoothed plot of these mean temperature anomalies, highlighting a clear trend towards warming over the specified period. This visualization effectively demonstrates how temperatures have shifted globally, with significant warming observed, particularly in the latter half of the 20th century and into the 21st century.

The inclusion of data from indirect indicators like tree rings, ice cores, and corals, alongside thermometer measurements, provides a comprehensive view of global temperature changes over the last two millennia. The analysis of this data shows a stark increase in temperatures in recent decades, attributed largely to human activities as evidenced by the overlapping of the black line (observed temperatures) and the brown band (climate change due to both human and natural factors) in the scientific visualization. This correlation underscores the significant impact of greenhouse gases on the planet's climate.