ANIMAL CELLS have a plasma membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes, cell nucleus, Golgi apparatus, and endoplasmic reticulum, but they lack cell walls or chloroplasts.
All cells have a plasma membrane that separates the internal cell medium from the surrounding environment.All eukaryotic cells have:
Mitochondria: the energy centres of eukaryotic cellsRibosomes: are organelles where protein synthesis takes place Cell nucleus: contains the genetic material (DNA).Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum: responsible for synthesizing and processing proteins and lipids.However, only plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts.In conclusion, ANIMAL CELLS have a plasma membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes, cell nucleus, Golgi apparatus, and endoplasmic reticulum, but they lack cell walls or chloroplasts.
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What base is found in DNA?
A. adenine
B. guanine
C. cytosine
D. thymine
All of the above (but if you want to distinguish DNA from RNA, it’s thymine)
Answer:
Thymine
Explanation:
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30 POINTS IF YOU ANSWER THESE 5 QUESTIONS!! :33
Answer:
1 color
2 C
Explanation:
How does a bacteria’s resistance to an antibiotic first arise? a.) vaccines b.) through mutation c.) bacteria learns to be resistant d.) bacteria decides to be resistant
Answer: option B through mutation
Explanation:
Antibiotic resistance is the phenomena in which the bacteria becomes reistance to a given antibiotic and is no longer killed or harmed by it.Bacteria unlike humand divide rapidly and increase in large number. However, each time it divides it has to replicate its genetic material. In the process of replication there is always a chance of introducing an error which is called as a mutation.The mutation that occurs in a bacteria can either ber advantageous or disadvantageous. However, amongst the various type of mutations that arise in the bacteria if a particular mutation is conferring resistance to an antibiotic then in such case the bacteris gets selected by natural selection.The bacteria having acquired thr resistance is then able to produce more of its progenies with the same antibiotic resistance and thus, this is how the resistance gets propagated.So, firstly the mutation is the one which gives rise to the resistance which is then spread among the bacterial population by the process of reproduction as well horizontal gene transfer.
Which procedure would help ensure that a foreign DNA fragment could easily incorporate into a bacterial plasmid when the two are mixed together?
a)The fragment and plasmid are both cut with the same restriction enzyme.
b)The plasmid is modified to contain GFP.
c)The plasmid is pretreated with DNA ligase.
d)The DNA fragment is pretreated with DNA ligase.
What is a filter like structure that works as a sieve and captures microscopic organisms?
I think the answer is a baleen.
Which of these best explains why energy is needed for active transport? *
Answer:
Ions are moved against the concentration gradient.
Explanation:
Active transport mechanisms require the use of the cell's energy, usually in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Because active transport is not passive and requires molecules to move against a concentration gradient, it requires energy. Thus, the carrier protein needs energy to transport it. Energy in the form of ATP must be used for it.
What is significant role of active transport?In order for cells to acquire molecules or ions from the environment in opposition to the concentration gradient, active transport is a crucial activity.
On the other hand, metabolic products or electrolytes that are substantially loaded into cells might be expelled in opposition to the concentration gradient.
In the face of these passive variations, active transport keeps concentrations of ions and other chemicals required by live cells constant.
Therefore, The usage of the cell's energy, often in the form of adenosine triphosphate, is necessary for active transport processes (ATP).
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What forms the majority of the plasma membrane of cells
Answer:
Phospholipids
The Calvin cycle, or dark reactions of photosynthesis takes place in which stroma. Which structure is the stroma ?
The letter A (option B) represents the stroma in which Calvin cycle or dark reactions of photosynthesis.
What is stroma?The fluid-filled interior area of the chloroplasts that surround the grana and thylakoids is known as the stroma.
What is contained in the stroma?Along with the ribosomes, starch, and chloroplast DNA, stroma also has the Calvin cycle-related enzymes.
What does letter B indicate?The letter B indicates the space between the two membranes of chloroplast known as the intermembrane space.
What does letter C indicate?Letter C indicates the thylakoid that are disc shaped membrane bound compartment in the chloroplast.
What does letter D indicate?Letter D indicates a granum which is a stack of thylakoid.
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A population of snakes that eat small rodents enters a new habitat. In the new habitat, there are many species of rodents, and their populations are high because there are few natural predators. What will most likely be the effect on the genetic variation of the snake population?
Genetic variation will increase because of a selective pressure.
Genetic variation will increase because of a new habitat and food source.
Genetic variation will decrease because of a selective pressure.
Genetic variation will decrease because of a new habitat and food source.
2nd option, Genetic variation will increase because of a new habitat and food source
Tons of food (rodents) and they would have no competition for the rodents in the new habitat
Answer:
The correct answer is the 2nd statement.
Explanation:
Genetic variation signifies the naturally taking place genetic differences, which prevails between the individuals of similar species. Genetic variation is essential as it permits the individuals to thrive better in a given surrounding.
In the mentioned case, when the snakes enter a novel habitat, they came across a condition where there are lesser natural predators and because of this they had enough food and less competition. Therefore, no selective pressure is exhibited to affect genetic variation.
Additionally, in the availability of enough food and non-existence of competition, the genetic variation will only enhance. Thus, in the mentioned case, the genetic variation of the snakes enhances because of the food source and new habitat.
All organisms are dependent on a healthy carbon dioxide-oxygen balance. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are key processes in maintaining this balance. Your class is conducting a lab experiment to investigate the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration by observing how carbon dioxide cycles through a biological system. To conduct the experiment, each group set up four test tubes containing 30 ml distilled water and 3 ml of bromothymol blue. Bromothymol blue is a pH indicator that changes from blue (alkaline) to yellow (acid). When carbon dioxide dissolves in water, it produces carbonic acid, turning the indicator from blue to yellow. The level of CO2 was inferred from a change in the indicator color.
A snail, elodea (aquatic plant), or both were added to the tubes and they were stoppered. Tubes were placed under a grow light for 24 hours and the results recorded. The test tubes were then covered for 24 hours to produce a dark environment and the results recorded. Which statement best explains the change in Test Tube D from the light setup to the dark setup.
A) The rate of photosynthesis decreased in the dark, thus the elodea used less CO2. The elodea and snails produced less CO2 through cellular respiration, causing the CO2 to be in equilibrium, making the solution more neutral (yellow).
B) The rate of photosynthesis decreased in the dark, thus the elodea used less CO2. The elodea and snails continued to produce CO2 through cellular respiration, raising the level of CO2 in the tube, causing the solution to become more acidic (yellow).
C) The rate of photosynthesis decreased in the dark, thus the elodea used more CO2. The elodea and snails continued to consume CO2 through cellular respiration, lowering the level of CO2 in the tube, causing the solution to become more basic (yellow).
D) The rate of photosynthesis decreased in the dark, thus the elodea used less CO2. The elodea and snails continued to consume CO2 through cellular respiration, raising the level of CO2 in the tube, causing the solution to become more acidic (yellow).
Eliminate
The correct answer would be option B
The rate of photosynthesis in the plants during the dark(night) slows down but the process of cellular respiration does not depends on the light to take place.
The snail and the plant produced carbon dioxide by the process of cellular respiration at night but it was not consumed by the plants by the process of photosynthesis.
Due to this, carbon dioxide got accumulated in the solution and turned the solution more acidic ( solution turned from blue to yellow).
Final answer:
Test Tube D showed more acidity (yellow color) in the dark setup due to the decrease of photosynthesis in the absence of light, while respiration continued, resulting in higher CO₂ levels and an acidic environment.
Explanation:
The correct answer to explain the change in Test Tube D from the light setup to the dark setup is B) The rate of photosynthesis decreased in the dark, thus the elodea used less CO₂. The elodea and snails continued to produce CO₂ through cellular respiration, raising the level of CO₂ in the tube, causing the solution to become more acidic (yellow).
In the presence of light, elodea performs photosynthesis, utilizing CO₂ and releasing O₂. At the same time, both elodea and the snail respire, which consumes O₂ and produces CO₂. However, during the dark, photosynthesis does not occur because light is a necessary component for the process of photosynthesis. Nevertheless, both organisms continue to respire in the dark, contributing to the increase in CO₂ levels that leads to a more acidic environment indicated by the yellowing of the bromothymol blue solution.
What are the divisions of geologic time?
Geologic time divisions: Eon, era, period, epoch, age. Each reflects significant changes in Earth's history, aiding understanding of planetary evolution.
The divisions of geologic time, from largest to smallest, are:
1. Eon: The longest division of geologic time. The Earth's history is divided into four eons: Hadeon, Archean, Proterozoic, and Phanerozoic.
2. Era: Each eon is divided into eras. The Phanerozoic eon, for example, is divided into three eras: Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic.
3. Period: Each era is divided into periods. For instance, the Mesozoic era is divided into the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous periods.
4. Epoch: Each period is divided into epochs. The Cenozoic era's Quaternary period, for example, is divided into the Pleistocene and Holocene epochs.
5. Age: The smallest officially recognized division of geologic time. Ages are typically defined by the appearance and disappearance of fossil species.
These divisions help geologists and paleontologists to organize Earth's history and understand the sequence of events that have shaped our planet. The boundaries between these divisions are often marked by significant changes in the rock record, such as the appearance of new life forms, major extinction events, or shifts in Earth's tectonic activity.
What is the best representation of the basic formula foe any monosaccharide
Explanation:
Monosaccharides are defined as the simplest form of carbohydrates. It consists of carbon atom, hydrogen atom and oxygen atom.
In disaccharides and polysaccharides, monosaccharides are the basic building blocks.
As two units of a monosaccharide leads to the formation of a disaccharide. Similarly, more than two units of a monosaccharide will lead to the formation of a polysaccharide.
Basic formula of a monosaccharide is [tex](CH_{2}O)_{n}[/tex], where n can be equal to or greater than 3.
May someone help me?
Which of the following could be a characteristic of the fossil that is most closely related to humans? C-shaped back bone S-shaped backbone Water-dwelling Tree-dwelling
I think it would be a c shaped backbone
How have advances in medicine, industry, and education affected birth rates, death rates, and population growth?
The advancement in medicines, industry and education positively affected the birth rate by declining the death rate and hence the overall growth of the population.
What is Population?The Population may be defined as the groups of individuals belonging to the same species living in the same area at a definite time. The size, density, birth rate, death rate, dispersal, etc. are some of the characteristics of the population. These factors are known as demographic factors.
The advancement in medicines, industry and education significantly increases the mode of information and aspects of living to the people. It increases reproductive health that enhances the number of offspring from the individuals. Along with it, people must be passively aware of all their strategies, parental care, and perspective on the new born child.
Therefore, the advancement in medicines, industry, and education positively affected the birth rate by declining the death rate and hence the overall growth of the population.
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Advances in medicine, industry, and education have affected birth rates, death rates, and population growth through factors such as improved healthcare, contraception, and education empowerment.
Explanation:Advances in medicine, industry, and education have had a significant impact on birth rates, death rates, and population growth. The development of modern medicine and health services has led to a decrease in death rates, particularly in children, which has resulted in more children surviving to adulthood and an increase in birth rates. Additionally, improved education, especially among women, has led to empowered reproductive choices and the use of contraception, contributing to lower birth rates. These factors, along with improved living conditions and economic factors, have influenced population growth rates.
Calories in food are related to calories in physics because
1 they both measure energy
2 they both measure movement
3 they both are ways to destroy energy
4 they both largely misunderstood by scientists
I think that they both measure energy
Answer:
1. They both measure energy
Explanation:
A calorie is a unit of energy, it represents the quantity of energy that is needed to elevate the temperature of one gram of water by one celcius degree. Is commonly used in nutrition as well as physics.
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Wagner observed the coastlines and continents in the southern hemisphere has similar grooves which of the following supports coastlines far away from one another having similar Grooves
Answer
The Continental drift
Explanation
From a geographical perspective, the evidence is that Africa and South America might have been a single mass of land due to similar coastal alignment. In addition to that, there is similarity in mountain ranges of Buenos Aires in Argentina to those mountains in South Africa. These mountain ranges have same age and were formed by similar rocks.
Answer:
Glacial Movements
Explanation:
Glaciers usually move in one direction, creating large scratches in rocks around the coastline.
Autotrophic organisms convert energy from the sun into the bonds of glucose but heterotrophic organisms convert energy from glucose into?
Autotrophic organisms convert energy from the sun into the bonds of glucose, while heterotrophic organisms convert energy from glucose into adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Autotrophic organisms, such as plants and some bacteria, utilize photosynthesis to capture solar energy and convert it into chemical energy stored in glucose molecules. This process involves the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen, using the energy from sunlight.
Heterotrophic organisms, including animals and many microorganisms, are unable to harness sunlight directly. Instead, they obtain energy by consuming organic compounds, such as glucose, derived from autotrophic organisms or other heterotrophs. Through processes like glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, heterotrophic organisms break down glucose to release energy. This energy is primarily stored in ATP, a molecule that serves as the primary energy currency in cells. Heterotrophic organisms rely on this stored energy in ATP to fuel their various cellular processes and sustain their life functions, as they cannot directly capture and convert sunlight into energy as autotrophs do.
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Why is Type O- the universal donor? Check all that apply.
A) Type O- has no antigens on its red blood cells, so the red blood cells can’t be attacked by antibodies of other blood types.
B) Type O- has antigens on its red blood cells, so the red blood cells can be attacked by antibodies of other blood types.
C) Type O- has no Rh antigen, so the red blood cells can’t be attacked by the Rh antibody.
D) Type O- has the Rh antigen, so the red blood cells can be attacked by the Rh antibody
Answer:
A) Type O- has no antigens on its red blood cells, so the red blood cells can’t be attacked by antibodies of other blood types.
C) Type O- has no Rh antigen, so the red blood cells can’t be attacked by the Rh antibody.
Explanation:
hope this helps
Type O- blood is considered the universal donor because its red blood cells have no A or B antigens, and it lacks the Rh antigen, preventing immune reactions when transfused into individuals of any other blood type.
Explanation:Type O- blood is referred to as the universal donor for specific reasons. Mainly, Type O- has no antigens on its red blood cells (RBCs), which means it generally does not initiate an immune response when transfused into individuals of any other ABO blood type. This absence of A and B antigens on the RBCs prevents antibodies in the recipient's plasma from recognizing and attacking the transfused blood cells. Additionally, Type O- blood does not have the Rh antigen, which is another common cause of blood transfusion reactions.
Therefore, the correct answers to the question are:
(A) Type O- has no antigens on its red blood cells, so the red blood cells can’t be attacked by antibodies of other blood types.(C) Type O- has no Rh antigen, so the red blood cells can’t be attacked by the Rh antibody.What is a polymer of a lipid?
Unlike other biomolecule groups, fatty acid monomers are not directly bonded to each other in polymer chains. Dehydration synthesis reactions in lipids form an ester linkage between the carboxyl group of a fatty acid and the hydroxyl group of an alcohol monomer such as glycerol.
Answer:
A lipid is a polymer made up of three molecules of fatty acids and one molecule of glycerol. They are the main constituents of body fat in humans and other animals, as well as vegetable fat. Glucose molecules are the monomers for polysaccharides. Amino acids are the monomer of the polypeptide chain or proteins.
Explain why the cell membrane is said to be semi-permeable?
The term semipermeable means to allow some substances through and prevent others from passing. The cell membrane is semipermeable because it prevents harmful toxins from entering and damaging the cell. At the same time, the cell membrane allows nutrients and other helpful substances through. In this way, the cell membrane is like a security guard of the cell.
Which of these best explains why Earth’s inner core is a solid?
A) Low pressure due to other layers forces the particles to stay closer.
B) High pressure due to other layers forces the particles to stay closer.
C) High temperature due to other layers keeps the particles close together.
D) Low temperature due to other layers keeps the particles close together.
I believe your answer is C)High temperature due to other layers keeps the particles close together.
sorry if im wrong
Answer:
The answer is B: High pressure due to other layers forces the particles to stay closer.
Explanation: Scientists believe the intense pressure of the other layers pushing down on top of it forces the inner core to remain a solid.
What is the haploid number of chromosomes in an organism with 46 chromosomes in the body cells?
23 haploid Chromosomes for each human
A snapdragon with red flowers is crossed with a snapdragon plant with white flowers. The offspring produced have pink flowers.Which of these conditions does this cross illustrate? A codominance B non dominance C complete dominance D incomplete dominance
The answer is D) incomplete dominance
The _________________ is the outer part of earths magnetic field. it interacts with __________ and ___________ particles from the Sun, trapping some particles and pushing away others.
magnetosphere; cosmic rays; charged
State one factor that influence which molecules can pass through the cell membrane of a human cell.
An obstruction between the interior of the cell and its external environment is the cell membrane. The tendency of a molecule to pass through a cell membrane relies on its charge, concentration, and size.
Certain of the polarized molecules are so small that it can pass through the cell membrane, for example, let us consider a polarized molecule like water, whose small size permits it to diffuse freely through the cell membrane.
Other molecules, like that of oxygen, which exhibits no polarity and is small enough to readily pass through the cell. The molecules of sugar that comprise five or more atoms of carbon, are too large to pass via the cell membrane and need to be mediated with the help of transmembrane proteins.
Abundant thick vegetation/ many species is the grasslands is defined as the grasslands.
True or False
I would say true, because both abundant thick vegetation and there are 3 known types of grasslands, also that many diffrent species of animals live on the grasslands.
lipids have more __ and __ than they do oxygen atoms
Lipids have more carbon and hydrogen atoms than oxygen atoms. They comprise primarily hydrocarbons, making them hydrophobic. Besides storing energy, they partake in vital biological roles including forming biological compounds, cell membranes, hormones, etc.
Explanation:Lipids have more carbon and hydrogen atoms than they do oxygen atoms. Comprising a diverse group of compounds, lipids are primarily made of hydrocarbons - atoms of carbon and hydrogen. Despite the presence of other elements like nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus in their composition, carbon, and hydrogen atoms are most abundant. Their hydrogen and carbon-rich nature makes all lipids hydrophobic, preferring to not mix well with water molecules.
Not only do lipids serve as an energy store, but they also play structural roles in cell membranes and function as hormones, pigments, and pharmaceuticals. A common type of lipid, triglycerides, comprises a glycerol backbone attached to three fatty acid chains. Lipids are also integral components of biological compounds, including steroids such as cholesterol and signaling molecules like prostaglandins, both derived from fatty acids.
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The swelling and possible bursting of the cell is a result of which biological process?
The swelling and possible bursting of the cell is a result of which biological process? Osmosis
ecosystems must have two factors working together in order to function what are those two factors
In any ecosystem two factors interact together are abiotic factors and biotic factors. Abiotic factors include non-living such as soil, air, water and climatic factors ( temperature, humidity, rainfall or precipitation) whereas, biotic factors includes all the flora (plants) and fauna (animals). These two factors interact through food chains to function an ecosystem.
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28. Explain why mutations often don’t effect the organism.
29. In unit 3 you learned about mitosis, this unit you learned about meiosis. These two processes have many similarities by produce two different products. Describe two things that are different between the processes.
30. In complete sentences describe two pros and two cons of genetic engineering.
28. Answer: All mutations do not affect the organisms due to the following reasons:-
1. The DNA consists of both coding and non coding regions. The coding regions are known as exons and non coding regions are called as introns. The non coding regions do not make up the protein. Thus, if the mutations occur in non coding regions they do not affect the organism.
2. There are some mutations that result in the change of the codon but the new codon formed codes for the same amino as the previous one. This is possible because of the degeneracy of genetic code. For eg, AAA codes for lysine, however if the mutation changes this code to AAU then this also codes for lysine. Such mutations are called as silent mutations.
3. There are some mutations which result in the change in amino acid however the new amino acid formed is similar to the previous one in its properties for e.g leucine and isoleucine. Such mutations are called as neutral mutations and they do not affect the organism
29. Answer: 1. The process of mitosis results in the formation of two diploid cells whereas meiosis results in the formation of 4 haploid cells.
2. The process of mitosis takes place to produce copies of the body cells whereas the process of meiosis takes place to produce the gametes.
Explanation:-
Mitosis is a process in which a cell undergoes a single round of division to produce two identical copies of itself . It occurs in 4 phases Prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. This process occurs in the body cells.Meiosis is a process in which a cell undergoes two rounds of cell division to produce 4 copies of haploid cells from a single diploid cell. This process takes place for the formation of gametes.29. Answer:
Pros
1. Genetic engineering helps us to tackle several diseases. There are many diseases which are caused due to genetic mutations. Genetic engineering helps us to rectify these mutations and hence combat such diseases.
2. Genetic engineering helps us to produce new foods which can withstand adverse conditions such as high/low temperatures, low rainfall, are disease and pest resistant etc. This, genetic engineering helps to significantly improve crop production.
Cons
1. Genetic engineering leads to a decrease in genetic diversity.
2. It can lead to a decrease in the nutritional value of food as genetic engineering often causes an accelerated growth of animals and hence, the nutritional valie of poultry foods is compromised.