Which conclusion could be made from Ernest Rutherford’s gold foil experiment?

the balanced equation for the reaction is

Ca(OH)₂ + 2HNO₃ ---> Ca(NO₃)₂ + 2H₂O

Molar ratio of Ca(OH)₂ to HNO₃ is 1:2

Number of moles of Ca(OH)₂ reacted - 0.5 moldm⁻³ x 50.0 x 10⁻³ dm³

number of Ca(OH)₂ moles  - 0.025 mol

according to the molar ratio

1 mol of Ca(OH)₂ reacts with 2 mol of HNO₃

therefore 0.025 mol of Ca(OH)₂ reacts with - 2 x 0.025 = 0.05 mol of HNO₃

there are 0.05 mol of HNO₃ in 125 mL

and concentration = number of moles / volume in 1 dm³

concentration = 0.05 mol / 125 x 10⁻³ dm

concentration of HNO₃ = 0.4 mol/dm³

The concentration of HON3 can be determined by understanding the molar relationship between Ca(OH)2 and HNO3. In this scenario the concentration of HNO3 is found to be 0.4 M.

The subject of this question is chemistry, specifically the topic of titration in acid-base reactions. To find the concentration of HNO3, we need to understand the molar relationship between Ca(OH)2 and HNO3. Each molecule of Ca(OH)2 can neutralize two molecules of HNO3 because it provides two OH- ions.

The moles of Ca(OH)2 used can be calculated as:
Moles = Molar concentration * volume.
So, 0.5 M * 50.0 mL/1000 = 0.025 mol. Since each mole of Ca(OH)2 neutralizes two moles of HNO3 0.025 mol of Ca(OH)2 will neutralize 0.05 mol of HNO3.

Now, we can find the concentration of HNO3 by dividing the moles of HNO3 by its volume:
Concentration = Moles/volume.
Therefore HNO3 concentration = 0.05 mol / (125 mL/1000) = 0.4 M.

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D) Constructive; process

Answer:

D) Destructive; process

Explanation:

One way in which light waves are different from sound waves is that light waves

A. can move easily through empty space

B.are caused by rapid vibrations

C.travel more slowly

D.can be reflected

D.can be reflected

is the answer

A pedigree chart tracks inherited traits, and a Punnett square is used to predict the genotype of offspring. A pedigree chart provides a visual representation of the inheritance of traits within a family, while a Punnett square is a tool used to predict the likelihood of an offspring inheriting particular genotypes from its parents.

The answers to the questions are as follows:

1) The probability of producing offspring with genotype Rr when crossing a pea plant with round seeds (RR) with another pea plant with wrinkled seeds (rr) is 100%. This is because all offspring will inherit one R allele from the round-seeded parent and one r allele from the wrinkled-seeded parent, resulting in the Rr genotype for all offspring.

 2) A completely filled circle on a pedigree chart represents a male with a disease. An unfilled circle represents a female with a disease, a half-filled circle represents a carrier female, and a half-filled square represents a carrier male.

3) Based on the Punnett square described, with the female parent being Yy and the male parent being YY, the expected percentage of offspring with green seeds (yy) is 0%. This is because the male parent can only contribute the Y allele, and the female parent can contribute either Y or y, but not both recessive alleles needed for green seeds in the same offspring.

4) Offspring 4, which is represented by a completely shaded square on the pedigree chart, describes a male having the disease. This is because a completely filled square represents an affected male, while a half-shaded square would represent a carrier male.

 5) The statement that accurately describes a pedigree chart is: A pedigree chart tracks inherited traits from parents to offspring. Pedigree charts are used to analyze the pattern of inheritance within a family, but they do not predict genotypes or percentages of offspring with specific traits. They show the phenotype and carrier status of individuals based on observed traits over generations.

 6) For the Punnett square with a tall pea plant (Tt) crossed with a short pea plant (tt), the correct match of the box numbers and the genotype of the offspring is:

- Box 1: Tt

- Box 2: Tt

- Box 3: tt

- Box 4: tt

This is because the tall plant can contribute either a T or a t allele, and the short plant can only contribute a t allele.

 7) The true statement is: A pedigree chart tracks inherited traits, and a Punnett square is used to predict the genotype of offspring. A pedigree chart provides a visual representation of the inheritance of traits within a family, while a Punnett square is a tool used to predict the likelihood of an offspring inheriting particular genotypes from its parents.

the element chlorine is represented by the symbol Cl

All first letters on the Periodic Table are Capitalized. The answer is Cl.

B. White Dwarf.

The star would eventually run out of hydrogen fuel in the core. The core would shrink and heats up. As the temperature in the core increases, some of the helium in the core will undergo the triple-alpha process to produce elements such as Be, C, and O. The triple-alpha process will heat the outer layers of the star and blow them away from the core. This process will take a long time. Meanwhile, a planetary nebula will form.

As the outer layers of gas leave the core and cool down, they become no longer visible. The only thing left is the core of the star. Consider the Chandrasekhar Limit:

Chandrasekhar Limit: [tex]1.4 \;M_\odot[/tex].

A star with core mass smaller than the Chandrasekhar Limit will not overcome electron degeneracy and end up as a white dwarf. Most of the outer layer of the star in question here will be blown away already. The core mass of this star will be only a fraction of its [tex]0.5 \;M_\odot[/tex], which is much smaller than the Chandrasekhar Limit.

As the star completes the triple alpha process, its core continues to get smaller. Eventually, atoms will get so close that electrons from two nearby atoms will almost run into each other. By Pauli Exclusion Principle, that's not going to happen. Electron degeneracy will exert a strong outward force on the core. It would balance the inward gravitational pull and prevent the star from collapsing any further. The star will not go any smaller. Still, it will gain in temperature and glow on the blue end of the spectrum. It will end up as a white dwarf.

Answer:

Answer is B Hanley Cells

Explanation:

Hello!

Calculate the kinetic energy of a 0.25 kg car traveling at a constant velocity of 2 m/s

We have the following data:

m (mass) = 0.25 kg

v (velocity) = 2 m/s

KE (kinetic Energy) = ? (in Joule)

Formula to calculate kinetic energy:

[tex]\boxed{KE = \dfrac{1}{2} *m*v^2}[/tex]

Solving:  

[tex]KE = \dfrac{1}{2} *m*v^2[/tex]

[tex]KE = \dfrac{1}{2} *0.25*2^2[/tex]

[tex]KE = \dfrac{1}{2} *0.25*4[/tex]

[tex]KE = \dfrac{1}{2}*1[/tex]

[tex]KE = \dfrac{1}{2}[/tex]

[tex]\boxed{\boxed{KE = 0.5\:Joule}}\Longleftarrow(kinetic\:energy)\:\:\:\:\:\:\bf\blue{\checkmark}[/tex]

_______________________  

[tex]\bf\green{I\:Hope\:this\:helps,\:greetings ...\:Dexteright02!}\:\:\ddot{\smile}[/tex]

Talc has a soapy feel.  

Also, gypsum can scratch talc, but talc cannot scratch gypsum.

Hope This Helps!      Have A Nice Feeling!!

Answer:

B. Talc has soapy feel.

Explanation:

Gypsum is a hydrated calcium sulphate mineral .

The chemical formula of gypsum is [tex] CaSO_4.2H_2O[/tex]

It consist of calcium, sulphur, oxygen and hydrogen.

It is soft sulphate mineral. It is used in plaster  formation. It is used  in blackboard chalk formation.It is used as a fertilizer.It Talc can not  scratch gypsum  because it is harder than talc.It has no soapy feel.

Talc is hydrous magnesium silicate mineral . It is usually green ,gray, white , brown or colourless.It is a translucent mineral . It has pearly luster.

It is soften known mineral. The chemical formula of talc is [tex]Mg_3Si_4O_{10}(OH)_2[/tex].It consist of magnesium, silicon, oxygen and hydrogen.It has extreme softness and greasy. It has soapy feel. Gypsum is harder than talc and more difficult to scratch.

Hence, the option B is true.

Answer: B. Talc has soapy feel.

Higher velocity of particles

The diffusion rate is determined by a variety of factors which includes;

The correct answer is c. Higher velocity of particles leads to a higher rate of diffusion.

Diffusion is the process by which particles spread out from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration. The rate of diffusion is influenced by several factors, including the temperature, the molar mass of the particles, and the velocity of the particles.

 1. Temperature: Increased temperature results in higher kinetic energy of the particles, which increases their velocity. Therefore, higher temperatures lead to a higher rate of diffusion. Conversely, cooled gas (reduced temperature) would have a lower rate of diffusion.

2. Molar Mass: Heavier particles (higher molar mass) move more slowly than lighter particles because they have more mass to move. Therefore, gases with a lower molar mass diffuse more quickly than those with a higher molar mass.

3. Velocity of Particles: The rate of diffusion is directly proportional to the average velocity of the particles. Faster-moving particles will spread out more quickly, leading to a higher rate of diffusion

In summary, higher velocity of particles is the factor that leads to a higher rate of diffusion. This is because faster-moving particles cover more distance in a given time, leading to a quicker spread of particles from high to low concentration areas.

In the vapour pressure of solution when the solute is mixed in water it will less than the actual solvent so the correct answer is pure water as it is universal solvent therefore water can disolve so many sustances in it 

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Answer : The correct options is, (D) Pure water.

Explanation :

According to the relative lowering of vapor pressure, the vapor pressure of a component at a given temperature is equal to the mole fraction of that component of the solution multiplied by the vapor pressure of that component in the pure state.

Formula used :

[tex]\frac{\Delta p}{p^o}=i\times X_B[/tex]

where,

[tex]p^o[/tex] = vapor pressure of the pure component (water)

[tex]p_s[/tex] = vapor pressure of the solution  

[tex]X_B[/tex] = mole fraction of solute

i = Van't Hoff factor

(A) The dissociation of 0.1 M [tex]NaCl[/tex] will be,

[tex]NaCl\rightarrow Na^++Cl^-[/tex]

So, Van't Hoff factor = Number of solute particles = [tex]Na^++Cl^-[/tex] = 1 + 1 = 2

(B) The dissociation of 0.1 M [tex]KCl[/tex] will be,

[tex]KCl\rightarrow K^++Cl^-[/tex]

So, Van't Hoff factor = Number of solute particles = [tex]K^++Cl^-[/tex] = 1 + 1 = 2

(C) [tex]C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}[/tex], sucrose is a non-electrolyte solute that means they retain their molecularity, and not undergo association or dissociation.

So, Van't Hoff factor = 1

(D) Pure water : As we know that the vapor pressure of a pure solvent is always greater than the vapor pressure of a solution that containing a non-volatile liquid.

As we know that the vapor pressure is depend on the Van't Hoff factor but the vapor pressure of a pure solvent is always greater.

Hence, from this we conclude that, the pure water have the highest vapor pressure.

Well, in an atom, there are an equal number of protons and electrons so they cancel each other out.

okayy so in atom there is an equivalent amount of protons AND electrons , meaning they would cancel each other out.

You can use the HWE (Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium) equations :

p + q = 1

p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1

If the allele combinations do not equal one after a while, evolution has occurred.

Answer:

its an observation about chemical equilibrium of reactions . it states that changes in the temperature, pressure, volume, or concentration of a system will result in predictable and opposing changes in the system in order to  achieve a new equilibrium state.

Explanation:

LeChatelier's Principle is an "equilibrium subjected to a stress tends to adjust itself so as to relieve the stress."

Final answer:

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with only single bonds, following the formula CnH2n+2, whereas alkenes are unsaturated with at least one double bond and follow the formula CnH2n. The double bond in alkenes makes them more reactive than alkanes, and their naming involves the '-ene' suffix with the bond position indicated numerically.

Explanation:

Understanding Alkanes and Alkenes

Before discussing the complexities of alkenes, it's important to grasp what an alkane is. Alkanes are hydrocarbons, which mean they consist only of carbon and hydrogen atoms. They are saturated compounds that follow the general formula CnH2n+2 and are characterized by single bonds between carbon atoms. Common names for alkanes include paraffin hydrocarbons or acyclic saturated hydrocarbons. A key feature of alkanes is that they do not contain double bonds, triple bonds, or rings in their structure.

In contrast, alkenes are hydrocarbons that contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond, falling under the general molecular formula CnH2n. This double bond makes alkenes unsaturated hydrocarbons and more reactive than alkanes. Alkenes are also known as olefins, highlighting their capacity for reactions due to the presence of the double bond. When naming alkenes, the '-ane' ending of the parent hydrocarbon chain is replaced with '-ene', and the position of the double bond is indicated with a number in front of the name.

Final answer:

An alkane is a compound of carbon and hydrogen without double bonds or rings. Alkenes are hydrocarbons containing carbon-carbon double bonds.

Explanation:

An alkane is a compound of carbon and hydrogen only, without double bonds, triple bonds, or rings. They all conform to the general formula CnH₂ and are sometimes called paraffin hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbons.

Alkenes are a family of hydrocarbons containing a carbon-carbon double bond. They are unsaturated compounds and have the general formula CnH₂n. Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes due to their double bond.

Answer:

(D) Na₂SO₄•10H₂O (M = 286).

Explanation:

ΔTf = i.Kf.m,

Where, ΔTf is the depression in freezing point of water.

i is van't Hoff factor.

Kf is the molal depression constant.

m is the molality of the solute.

(A) CuSO₄•5H₂O:

CuSO₄ is dissociated to Cu⁺² and SO₄²⁻.

So, i = dissociated ions/no. of particles = 2/1 = 2.

B) NiSO₄•6H₂O:

NiSO₄ is dissociated to Ni⁺² and SO₄²⁻.

So, i = dissociated ions/no. of particles = 2/1 = 2.

(C) MgSO₄•7H₂O:

MgSO₄ is dissociated to Mg⁺² and SO₄²⁻.

So, i = dissociated ions/no. of particles = 2/1 = 2.

(D) Na₂SO₄•10H₂O:

Na₂SO₄ is dissociated to 2 Na⁺ and SO₄²⁻.

So, i = dissociated ions/no. of particles = 3/1 = 3.

∴ The salt with the high (i) value is Na₂SO₄•10H₂O.

So, the highest ΔTf resulted by adding Na₂SO₄•10H₂O salt.

Atomic mass is never an integer number for several reasons: The atomic mass reported on a periodic table is the weighted average of all the naturally occuring isotopes. Being an average it would be most unlikely to be a whole number. The mass of an individual atom in atomic mass units is the mass relative to carbon-12.

Answer:

This is because the atomic mass ir usually calculated as the weighted average of the masses of the different isotopes of each element taking into account the relative abundance of each of them.

Explanation:

The isotopes of an element are those in which its atomic numbers (that is, the number of protons) are equal, but the number of neutrons is different. Record that protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus of the element. The same chemical element may consist of different atoms, that is, different isotopes. Then the atomic mass of an element is the weighted average mass of its natural isotopes. Therefore, the atomic mass of an element is not an integer. The weighted average means that not all isotopes have the same percentage. In other words, the atomic masses of the chemical elements are usually calculated as the weighted average of the masses of the different isotopes of each element taking into account the relative abundance of each of them.

This produces that the atomic mass  don't always be a whole number

Answer:

C₅H₁₂.

Explanation:

Which is corresponding to 0.03477 mol of C.

which corresponds to (0.042 x 2) = 0.084 moles of hydrogen.

Which unit is not a measurement of volume?

cm

L

ml

cm³

Cm is a measurement for length

Since cm is the unit for the measurement of length, it has not been used to measure volume.  L, ml, and cm3 are the units for the measurement of volume.

Volume can be described as the space occupied by the liquid. The liquid has no specific shape however they can attain the shape of the container in which they are kept.

The unit has been used to describe or measure a specific parameter. Units can be interconverted from one to another and help in the equivalent value in another unit.

The unit for the length, volume, weight are all assigned by the standard methods.

The centimeter is the unit of length and has been used for the measurement of matter in terms of length. It can give the length of a piece of land, cloth, etc.

liter, milliliter, and centimeter cube have been the value that has been used for the measurement of the volume.

Since cm is the unit for the measurement of length, it has not been used to measure volume.  L, ml, and cm3 are the units for the measurement of volume.

For more information about the measurement unit, refer to the link:

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I think it is C, because a covalent bond is a distribution of 2 atoms to 1 electron, meaning they are sharing and not exchanging, and the electronegravity would be above 1.7

Answer:

It is the sharing of electrons between atoms with an electronegativity difference below 1.7.

Explanation:

Covalent bond is the bond which is formed with the sharing of the electrons between the two atoms which are taking part in the bond. It is generally formed between the atoms with similar electronegativity values.

It is the bond which is generally occurs within non metals as they share electrons to complete their octet.

The difference in the electronegativity values of the atoms involving in a covalent bond must not exceed the value of 1.7 .

Correct answer:- It is the sharing of electrons between atoms with an electronegativity difference below 1.7.

Answer:

800 mL

Explanation:

This is a dilution question so we have to use the dilution formula

c1v1 = c2v2

Where c1 is the concentration and v1 is the volume of the concentrated solution

And c2 is concentration and v2 is volume of the diluted solution to be prepared

Substituting the values in the equation

3.50 M x 480.0 mL = 2.10 M x v2

v2 = 800 mL

A volume of 480.0 mL of 3.50 M solution should be diluted upto a volume of 800 mL to make a diluted copper nitrate solution of concentration 2.10 M

It is part of oceans, air, rocks, soil and all living things. Carbon doesn't stay in one place. It is always on the move! In the atmosphere, carbon is attached to oxygen in a gas called carbon dioxide.

Hope this helps.

The concentration of CH3OH in the solution is found by converting the given mass to moles and then dividing by the volume of the solution in liters, resulting in a concentration of approximately 1.7 M.

To find the concentration of CH3OH in the solution, we first need to convert grams to moles. The molar mass of CH3OH (methanol) is approximately 32.04 g/mol, so you divide 12.5g by 32.04 g/mol to get the amount in moles: around 0.39 mol. Now, concentration is defined as the number of moles of solute (CH3OH in this case) per liter of solution. As the volume given is in mL, we need to convert it to liters by dividing 230 mL by 1000 to get 0.23 L. Finally, dividing the moles of CH3OH by the volume of the solution in liters gives the concentration in M (Molarity), which is about 1.7 M.

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The exosphere is the uppermost layer of Earth's atmosphere

Answer:

The Moon and stars lie outside the Earth's Atmosphere

Explanation:

In order to understand this concept we need to understand what the atmosphere is and how high it extends from the earth's surface.

The atmosphere is a protective envelop around the Earth. It not only protects us from the harmful UV radiations but also helps to retain the heat near the surface due to Green House Effect.

From lowest to highest, the major layers of the atmosphere are:

The Exosphere on the Atmosphere extends up to 10,000 km above the Earth's Surface. The moon is the nearest celestial object to Earth. it is at a distance of 3,84,400 km from earth i.e. more than 38 times the height of the Atmosphere. Stars are farther away from the Earth sometimes almost millions of light years away.

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Pressure is directly related to density implies increase in pressure results in increase in density. Hopes this helps,love! <3

Answer:

Pressure is directly proportional to density.

Explanation:

Elements on the Periodic Table are organized according to an increasing atomic number. Each element's box contains its atomic number, symbol, and average atomic mass. They're arranged in rows and columns to reflect shared properties.

On the current Periodic Table of elements, elements are aligned according to an increasing attribute known as the atomic number. The atomic number signifies the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. Each box in the table represents an element and consists of the atomic number, symbol, average atomic mass, and sometimes the name of the element. The elements on the table are arranged in seven horizontal rows, referred to as periods or series, and 18 vertical columns, often labeled as groups. Groups from 1 to 18 are assembled based on shared properties, which allows scientists to anticipate behaviors of elements.

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The Periodic table of the elements is arranged according to increasing atomic number. This system organizes the elements into groups of similar properties, making the table a vital tool for predicting the characteristics of individual elements.

The Periodic table of the elements is a tool where the elements are arranged according to an increasing order of their atomic numbers which corresponds with the number of protons in each nucleus. Atomic number plays a major role in the table's structure, organizing the elements into seven horizontal rows or periods, and 18 vertical columns or groups. Atoms with similar properties are grouped together in the same vertical column. This arrangement allows for the prediction of an element's properties based on its location within the table.

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x=oxygen y=carbon dioxide

Answer:

A base is A. a substance that increace the concentration of OH- ions in solution.

Explanation:

According to Arrhenius Theory, a base is any substance that, when dissolved, releases hydroxyl ions (OH–). The bases are also known as alkalis, because when the hydroxyl groups dissociate and release, the pH of the solutions increases, that is, the solution becomes alkaline. Then its pH is greater than 7.

According to the Brønsted-Lowry Theory, a base is a substance capable of accepting protons (H +) in solution.

According to Lewis Theory, the bases are also considered those substances capable of donating or transferring electrons.

So, a base is A. a substance that increace the concentration of OH- ions in solution.

adhesion and cohesion.

Answer:

Cohesion and adhesion properties of water, and capillarity property.

Explanation:

Cohesion refers to the attraction forces of water molecules between them. These cohesive forces are possible due to the water capacity to generate hydrogen bonds.

The cohesive forces are responsible for superficial tension, an example of this is when you fill a glass of water and then put some tears into, it not spills but it forms like a dome of water - You can see the image attached -, anyway this superficial tension is the responsible of make liquids more stablish to break itself when are subdue to stress or tension. The water molecules form hydrogen bonds and "glue" each other with their neighbors and with the molecules who are more deeply into the liquid.  

On the other hand, Adhesion allows water "glue" itself, but also adhere to other molecules or material. Adhesion is the attraction of different kinds of molecules, and water can make it very strongly, more if the molecule has positive or negative electric properties.

Adhesion is responsible for capillarity, it happens when water up through a thin glass tube (you can see the image 2 attached), or in the roots of the plants to their leaves. The water climbs through the stem of the plants due to their capacity to adhere to the molecules of the steam, and their capillarity property.

B: CaCO₃ is a compound in and of itself thus it is not a polyatomic ion.