Which intergroup relation displays the least tolerance?

Segregation
Assimilation
Genocide
Expulsion

Answer:

Interpersonal

Explanation:

Interpersonal conflict occurs when the action or behavior made by a certain individuals negatively affect the life of other individuals in a certain way,

(From the excerpt above, The perception of wage increase is most likely create a certain level of jealousy that could resulted in hostile behavior from other co-workers)

Most lotteries allow the winner to take a lump sum or an annuity. The lump sum is a single cash transfer whereas the annuity is a series of annual payments. Most lottery winners, if given the choice, take the lump sum payment. They want all of the money immediately, and that is the main advantage. You have full and complete access to the money. The lump sum payment can have disadvantages, however.

First, if your lottery prize is less than $10 million, you may be in a better income tax position if you receive the proceeds over several years via an annuity rather than up front. Why? Lottery wins are subject to income tax in the year you receive the money. If you take the lump sum option, the entire $10 million is subject to income tax that year. However, if you choose the annuity option, the payments could come to you over several decades. For example, instead of $10 million of income in one year, your annuity payment might be $300,000 a year. Although the $300,000 would be subject to income tax, it would keep you out of the highest state and federal income tax brackets. (In fact, the 2018 tax brackets allow individuals to have  an income of $500,000 a year – and those who are married filing jointly, $600,000 – and still be in the 35%, rather than 37% bracket.)

Second, I strongly believe that for certain people who are more prone to spending, won’t get help from advisors and/or have certain familial pressures, the lump sum option can create more problems. There are lots of lottery winners who you never hear about who do just fine, but there are others who ruin their finances, relationships and lives after they win. For them, having less access to the full amount of the win is better. Instead of having to manage $15 million, they may be much better at managing $800,000 a year.

The annuity is not as cool as a big check, but I’ve never heard anyone complain about receiving a check in the mail every year.

Answer:

Carol Gilligan believed earlier researchers into morality had overlooked the perspective of females.

Explanation:

Gilligan was Kohlberg's reserach assistant, but argued that Kohlberg's stages of moral development were male-orientated. Therefore, these stages were limited in there ability to be generalized to females. Because of these, Gilligan  proposed her theory of stages of female moral development.

The correct answer is option (c). The perspective of females.

Carol Gilligan, a psychologist, is well-known for her work on moral development and ethics. She critiqued earlier theories of moral development, particularly those of Lawrence Kohlberg, who based his stages of moral development primarily on male subjects. Gilligan argued that Kohlberg's model, which emphasized justice and rights, neglected the moral reasoning that is more common among women, which she characterized as an ethic of care. This ethic of care focuses on interpersonal relationships and the importance of caring for others, rather than on abstract principles of justice.

Gilligan believed that earlier researchers had overlooked the perspective of females, which often involves a more contextual and relational approach to moral dilemmas. She posited that women tend to approach moral decisions by considering the needs of others and the particular context of the situation, rather than applying universal principles.

While Gilligan's work acknowledges that the social environment affects how morality develops (option d), her primary contribution was highlighting the difference in moral reasoning between males and females, emphasizing that females' perspectives were undervalued in previous research. Options a and b, the justice perspective and sympathetic reactions to moral situations, are elements that Gilligan discussed in her work, but they are not what she believed earlier researchers had overlooked. Her central argument was about recognizing and valuing the different voice of women in moral reasoning, which had been previously neglected.

The complete question is:

What did Carol Gilligan believe earlier researchers into morality had overlooked?

(a) The justice perspective

(b) Sympathetic reactions to moral situations

(c) The perspective of females

(d) How social environment affects how morality develops

Answer: the correct answer is increase, decrease.

Explanation:

ll else equal, if countries decide to enact protectionist measures against Chinese steel imports, the price of steel in those countries will increase and the quantity of steel demanded in those countries will decrease.

Answer:

seriation and transitive inference.

Explanation:

Transitive inference give a person the ability to connect  a relation between things that have not been explicitly compared in their mind beforehand (Such as If A is bigger than B, and B is bigger than C, then  A is definitely bigger than C)   , while seriation give people with the ability to arrange certain objects in chronological order.

The combination of this two allow Catrina to arrange the group of sticks from the shortest to the longest.

Answer:

1. Normative

2. Positive

3. Normative

4. Normative

Explanation:

A certain situation is considered as 'normative'  if it is expected to happen by the large majority of people in a certain type of society. It will be considered as 'positive' if it is not expected by most people but predicted to have a positive improvement to the society.

From the sample above, option 2 is the only positive one because not all citizens might get on board for letting the criminals off the execution.

The categorization involves identifying whether statements are based on factual claims, termed as positive, or are reflective of moral judgments, known as normative. Statements 1, 3, and 4 are categorized as normative, while statement 2 is categorized as positive.

The question involves categorizing statements as either positive or normative. Positive statements are objective and based on factual claims, whereas normative statements involve value judgments and opinions about what ought to be. Let's categorize each statement accordingly:

Answer:

No

Explanation:

The time passed between the birth and the accidents has been around 2 years. This will create a speculation that There are a lot of other possibilities that can make the fetus pressed against the implants.

In the end, the court would not be able to proof without reasonable doubt that the accident was the one that actually did it (Even though there is still a high likelihood,  We can't prosecute someone unless we can proof it without reasonable doubt)

Final answer:

Determining Unjian Enterprises' liability for the harm to Hegyes's child involves complex legal considerations of proximate causation and foreseeability. Precedents such as the Terri Schiavo case demonstrate the ethical and legal challenges in related scenarios. The outcome would depend on specific case details and applicable laws.

Explanation:

The liability of Unjian Enterprises for harm sustained by Hegyes's child due to the premature birth induced by the implant resulted from an earlier accident with their truck raises complex legal questions about proximate causation and foreseeable harm. In the context of the law, Unjian could potentially be held liable if it is determined that the harm to the child was a direct and foreseeable result of the original negligence. However, each case's specifics would significantly influence the legal outcome, including the terms of the settlement with Hegyes, potential waivers of future claims, and the applicable legal standards in the jurisdiction where the lawsuit is filed.

Legal precedents, such as those involving brain death and pregnancy complications, illustrate the intricacy of determining liability and responsibility for indirect harm. The cases mentioned, including the Terri Schiavo case, the 13-year-old girl declared brain dead, and the pregnant EMT professional, highlight the ethical dilemmas and legal complexities surrounding medical decisions and life support, as well as how they impact determinations of liability.

Habituation is the correct answer.

Habituation is a psychological learning process in which a non-reinforced response decreases as the person is repeatedly exposed to it; the more we encounter something, the less likely we are to react to or be surprised by it. For instance, when we enter a noisy room we may be distracted or annoyed by all the noise, but as time passes we tend to get used to all the noise in that room and it might not bother us as much after a while.    

Answer:

"Habituation" is the research method that is being used .

Explanation:

Habituation is a type of non-associative learning in which a natural response to a stimulus is reduced after a prolonged or repeated presentation of that stimulus. Habituation occurs within the nervous system in animals. Habituation can involve the intact organism or it can involve only parts of the organism. In the given question above, habituation is used in the research study.

Critical incident is the correct answer.

Critical Incident Technique (CIT) is a set of procedures that people use in order to collect direct observation of significant human behavior in order to measure their potential usefulness to develop a specific task. CIT is a great method used at the workplace to identify job requirements, develop recommendations, and determine competencies. When Charlie's supervisor puts a note in his file to help her remember his efforts during his performance evaluation, she is adopting the critical incident technique.

Kara’s note represents performance documentation, a process where supervisors record information about an employee's performance to assist in conducting performance appraisals. Such documentation can influence decisions on pay raises, performance rewards, or identification of areas for improvement.

In the given scenario, Kara's note signifies a form of performance documentation. This is a process by which supervisors or managers record information about an employee's performance to aid them in conducting performance appraisals and evaluations. Truthful and accurate documentation of an employee's performance is a vital part of the appraisal process, which could affect decisions regarding pay increases, rewards for good work, or identification of areas for improvement. In the case of Charlie, this note will serve as a reminder of his excellent work ethic when it is time for his performance evaluation.

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The opportunity cost of Maria's decision to attend Clemson University instead of the University of Georgia would be the value of the forgone alternative uses of time spent on studying and attending class instead of using the time in some other endeavor. Therefore, option d. Attending the University of Georgia, represents the opportunity cost of her decision.

The opportunity cost of Maria's decision to attend Clemson University instead of the University of Georgia would be the value of the forgone alternative uses of time spent studying and attending class instead of using the time in some other endeavor. By choosing Clemson, Maria is giving up the opportunity to attend the University of Georgia, which could potentially offer different academic programs, campus culture, and networking opportunities. Therefore, option d. Attending the University of Georgia, represents the opportunity cost of her decision.

Answer:

Chaos would ensure eventually.

Explanation:

Social norms are necessary in a society because they are a road map to proper behavior. Any society needs norms because people are creatures of habits. They need to be told what is acceptable and what not, and how to behave in ways not damaging to others.

If social norms were to be abolished, people would rejoice first, thinking they are free to do what they want to do without having to obey anything imposed on them. With time, however, they would lose any kind of orientation and would start missing guidance in life. Not knowing any rules, they would change their ways of acting with others, concentrating mainly on their own needs and their survival.  Chaos would break out as people would fight against one another not knowing how to behave, whom to obey or what values are acceptable and what not.

If there were no social standards and no other guiding influences in human growth, society would be anarchic, with significantly slower intellectual and community development as a result. It would be a far more animalistic existence.

In society, social norms are vital because they serve as a guide to good behavior.

People are creatures of habit, thus any society needs standards. They need to be told what is and is not acceptable behavior, as well as how to act in a way that is not harmful to others.

People would first delight if societal rules were destroyed, believing that they would be free to do whatever they wanted without having to obey anything imposed on them.

However, with time, they would lose any sense of direction and begin to miss out on life's guidance.

They would shift their methods of acting with others because they didn't know any rules, focusing solely on their own needs and survival.

People would struggle against one another, unsure of how to behave, whom to obey, or what ideas are acceptable and which are not.

For more information about social norms, refer below

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Answer: Bonita wants to get in good physical shape. She believes that she can eliminate fats from her diet, jog three times a week, avoid temptations when shopping for groceries, and distract herself when she gets a craving for cheese cake. In this case, Bonita is likely to fail because she is falling prey to an optimistic bias.

Bonita wants to get in good physical shape. She believes that she can eliminate fats from her diet, jog three times a week, avoid temptations when shopping for groceries, and distract herself when she gets a craving for cheese cake. In this case, Bonita is likely to succeed because she is high in self-efficacy.

Bonita's approach to getting in good physical shape involves several positive behavioural strategies. She plans to eliminate fats from her diet, which is a specific and actionable dietary change. Jogging three times a week is a concrete exercise goal that can contribute to improved physical fitness. Avoiding temptations while grocery shopping and distracting herself when craving cheesecake demonstrate her awareness of potential obstacles and her plan to overcome them.

These actions suggest that Bonita has a high level of self-efficacy, which is the belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task. This belief is a key component of motivation and can lead to higher levels of goal achievement. Individuals with high self-efficacy are more likely to put in the necessary effort to succeed and persist in the face of difficulties.

The other options do not align as well with Bonita's actions:

Functionalist theory sees education as serving the needs of all of the above.

Final answer:

Functionalist theory views education as serving the needs of society as a whole, including individuals and families, by providing both manifest and latent functions crucial for societal functioning.

Explanation:

Functionalist theory sees education as serving the needs of society. This perspective highlights how educational institutions contribute to the functioning of society by providing manifest functions, such as teaching knowledge and skills, and latent functions, such as the establishment of social networks and cultural norms. Moreover, functionalists observe that in recent times, education has assumed roles traditionally held by the family, such as teaching about human sexuality and basic life skills like budgeting and job applications.

Furthermore, functionalists view education as integral to cultural transmission and maintaining social order, supporting the view that education serves the needs of all—the individual, families, and society at large. Therefore, the correct answer to the student's question is d. all of the above.

Answer:

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Explanation:

Self-fulfilling prophecy refers to a prediction that become true because our response toward that prediction indirectly push us to actually fulfill that prediction.

In the example above, Erika still have a chance to enter a college. But as soon as she hear her parents (the prophecy) She become discouraged to actually make an effort to enter the college. IN the end, her response is actually the one that cause her parents prediction to be fulfilled, not because of her capabilities.

The correct answer is A. Habitual actions

Explanation:

Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann are both authors of a book called The Social Construction of Reality published in 1966, in this book Berger and Luckmann proposed social is constructed based on the concepts or mental representations that are created through the interaction of people and that become habitual actions and roles in society; additionally, these habitual actions become part of the society and this constructs reality. This means society is based on habitual actions that then become institutionalized or accepted and that emerge from the interaction of people in a society. Therefore, according to Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann, society is based n habitual actions.

Answer: the correct answer is Kenitha, who loves camping, decides to go shopping instead of camping this weekend.

Explanation: dissonance is a tension or clash resulting from the combination of two disharmonious or unsuitable elements.

An example of dissonance is when you put people together with strongly opposing political views or when you love doing something and you end up doing something completely different.  

Final answer:

Elisabeth Kübler-Ross wrote the book On Death and Dying and outlined the five stages of grief as denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. This work significantly contributed to the understanding of the psychological process of grieving and established Kübler-Ross as a key figure in the field of thanatology.

Explanation:

The book On Death and Dying, which outlines the five stages of grief, was written by the psychologist Elisabeth Kübler-Ross. Prior to the 1960s, there was little attention paid to the systematic study of death and dying, known as thanatology, until Kübler-Ross's landmark work. In her observations of patients nearing the end of their lives, she identified five common experiences that make up the grieving process: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance.

These stages, however, may not occur in a fixed order and not all individuals will necessarily experience every stage. Kübler-Ross published her findings in the 1969 book, which has since become a seminal text in the fields of psychology, sociology, and the emerging field of hospice care.

The correct order of the stages in Kübler-Ross's model, as asked in one assessment, is denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance.

Moreover, it's important to recognize that individuals' reactions to death or terminal illness can be influenced by their psychological mindset, cultural beliefs, and other factors. For instance, individuals with strong religious or spiritual beliefs may cope with grief differently due to their faith in an afterlife and the social support from their communities.

Answer: Is saving money really worth the price of your life?

I would ask him whether he is really sure that $20,000 less is worth putting his health at risk. Many people are not aware of the risks that are involved in being in contact with toxic waste. But, in general, anything that is considered "toxic" will have a negative effect on the health of organisms. Moreover, this negative impact can sometimes be difficult to see until many years have passed. Therefore, I would tell him that I do not think that $20,000 is worth risking his future health.

Based on the information provided, while we cannot definitively confirm the randomness of rat assignment to experimental groups in Merrell's study, the results do indirectly suggest that the assignment was likely random. However, detailed information on potential confounding variables would provide a more conclusive answer.

The question asks whether the data from the experiment support David Merrell's claim that he randomly assigned rats to treatment groups. Based on the information provided, we cannot conclusively determine the randomness of the assignment because we do not have detailed information about possible confounding variables such as the rats' previous exposure to music, their age, or their health status. All these factors could also potentially impact their maze performance and their reaction to different types of music.

However, one could argue that the changes in the rats' performance over time (with the Anthrax group running slower and the Mozart group running faster) suggest that the effect of the music was indeed influential, which would imply that the assignment was likely random as Merrell claimed. If the rats had been systematically assigned (for example, by using faster rats in the Mozart group and slower ones in the Anthrax group), we would not expect to see such notable changes in their performances over the course of the month.

Therefore, although we cannot completely confirm the randomness of the assignment without additional data, the results do seem to indirectly support Merrell's claim.

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David Merrell's study showed that rats exposed to different music types exhibited varied maze running times, with the heavy metal group slowing down and the Mozart group speeding up. Assessing if random assignment was used involves checking for similar initial run times among the groups. Similar times would indicate successful random assignment, attributing differences to the music treatments.

David Merrell conducted a study to investigate how music affects the ability of rats to run a maze. He trained 71 rats and divided them into three groups: one group listened to heavy metal music by Anthrax, another listened to Mozart, and the control group did not listen to any music. The rats ran the maze three times a week for a month. The results showed that the group listening to Anthrax was slower by the end of the month, while the group listening to Mozart was faster.

To determine if the data supports Merrell's claim of random assignment, we would need to look for any existing biases in the initial conditions or group distributions. If the initial maze times (first week) across the three groups were similar, it would support the claim of random assignment. According to the description, the dotplots and mean run times should provide evidence of this. If the mean run times were similar initially, we can conclude that the assignment was likely random. However, random assignment should result in no significant initial differences, ensuring that any observed effect is due to the music treatments.

Answer:

  Symbols.

Explanation:

  A symbol is an object or an image that represents something else besides what it is materially. Usually, there is no connection between the object and what it represents but there is a consense among the people that it is that way. It also allows people to go beyond what is known and create linkages between different concepts and experiences.

  I hope this answer helps you.

Answer:

Symbols

Explanation:

Answer:

When people began to grow crops and domesticate animals

Explanation:

The cultivation and domestication of animals were the first signs of the process of accumulation observed in primitive societies. Accumulation, in turn, gave rise to the surplus - when output was greater than the needs of the producer - and encouraged men to exchange their respective surpluses. Thus came the first evidence of economic development. When societies became a bit more complex, the need arose for the creation of currency to facilitate the exchange of surpluses.

The first economies began to develop during the Agricultural Revolution when people started farming and domesticating animals. This occurred around 11,000-10,000 years ago in the Fertile Crescent and spread to other regions.

The first true economies began to develop when people started raising crops and domesticate animals. This period, known as the Agricultural Revolution, occurred independently and at different times in various parts of the world. Agriculture originated around 11,000-10,000 years ago in the Fertile Crescent in the Middle East. It then spread to other regions such as India, China, New Guinea, Sub-Saharan Africa, and the Americas.

Answer:

D. Surveys allow students to answer the questions in private and assure the confidentiality of their responses.

Explanation:

If the students are forced to directly answer the question regarding the sex and drug use in person, they will fear the negative social impact that might harm the perception that their peers have toward them. This will make them become more likely to lie and give false information.

Surveys eliminate this problem and allow the researchers to obtain more accurate information.

The correct answer is D. Surveys allow students to answer the questions in private and assure the confidentiality of their responses.

When dealing with sensitive subjects such as drug use or sexual health, it is crucial to ensure that the respondents feel comfortable and secure in sharing their information. Surveys provide a level of anonymity and privacy that is conducive to obtaining honest responses. Here's why option D is the most appropriate:

A. Surveys are not necessarily more expensive, and the cost should not be a primary factor when dealing with sensitive topics. The focus is on the effectiveness of the method in eliciting honest responses, not on the budget or staff size.

B. While surveys can indeed include complex questions, this is not the primary reason for their use in sensitive contexts. The ability to ask complex questions is a secondary benefit and does not address the core issue of ensuring confidentiality and comfort for respondents.

C. Surveys typically do not allow respondents to speak in their own words to the same extent as interviews. Surveys often use structured or semi-structured formats with predefined response options, which can limit the expression of individual thoughts and feelings.

D. This option correctly identifies the key advantage of surveys in the context of sensitive subjects. By allowing students to answer questions in private, surveys reduce the pressure and potential embarrassment that might come from discussing these topics face-to-face with an interviewer. The assurance of confidentiality encourages more honest and accurate responses, which is critical for gathering reliable data on sensitive issues.

In summary, the primary reason for using surveys to ask about sensitive subjects in high schools is that they provide privacy and confidentiality, which are essential for obtaining truthful responses from students on topics such as drug use and sexual health.

Answer:

Alzheimer's

Explanation:

Margaret's condition starts with tiny things and worsens over time, a key symptom. Also, her memory is going away and her motor coordination skills are lacking, which means she's forgetting how to do simple things. You mention that it happens around her 70th birthday, and Alzheimer's most often starts in old age.

*If you need more info, you can see the BrainPOP video on Alzheimer's.

Final answer:

Margaret is likely experiencing Alzheimer's disease, given her symptoms of memory loss, confusion, and issues with motor coordination and communication, which are hallmark signs of this form of dementia.

Explanation:

The condition that most likely would be diagnosed in Margaret's case, given the symptoms of increasing problems with learning new things, memory, motor coordination, frequent confusion, difficulty recognizing people, and less fluent speech, is Alzheimer's disease.

This neurodegenerative disorder is characterized by a decline in cognitive functioning, including memory loss, difficulty performing familiar tasks, impaired judgment, and personality changes. Additional symptoms impacting daily life, such as trouble managing finances, and mood changes like irritability and verbal outbursts, further support this diagnosis. Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia and typically involves progressive decline. While there is no cure, early diagnosis and management can improve quality of life.

Answer:

city controller

Explanation:

The chief financial officer for a city is called the city controller which is an elected official. He is a civil servant related to some state government and works in conjunction with the mayor and the city controller. The city controller is elected by popular vote and his term lasts 4 years where he coordinates and manages the accounting sector of the city.

A city's chief financial officer is usually termed the City Treasurer or Finance Director. They manage the city's finances, budget, and financial reports, in addition to other roles including tax collection and investment management.

The chief financial officer (CFO) for a city is typically called the City Treasurer or Finance Director. They are responsible for managing the city's finances, budgetary planning, and financial reporting. This role is important because the health and stability of a city's finances directly affect its ability to provide services to its citizens. Their duties may include tax collection, investment management, and debt service administration among others.

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The correct answer is B. Speaking slowly and loudly when talking to someone over age sixty-five years old

Explanation:

The term "ageism" refers to a type of stereotyping of individuals or group of people based on their age, especially stereotyping and discrimination towards elderly people or towards young people that is based on prejudices, practices, and others that promote a negative attitude towards a certain group. In the case of discrimination of elderly people, this is linked to the idea elderly people are inferior or weaker than other people because of their age that goes beyond simple beliefs and is reflected in assumptions and actions. Considering this, the action that reflects ageism is "Speaking slowly and loudly when talking to someone over age sixty-five years old" because this example shows there is a biased and negative stereotype about elderly especially related to their ability to understand oral messages and this goes beyond a simple belief as it is a discriminatory practice.

Answer:

problems

Explanation:

Answer:

Constructivism

Explanation:

The main goal of this view of learning is to teach students not to heavily rely on other people in order to gain their knowledge.

This method of learning help teachers find out the personal interest that students have along with teaching them to seek for new information by themselves and not afraid in sharing their idea/opinon to the other members of social group.

Learning is the most essential element in the life of growing age students. And learning have to be continuous to develop a better understanding of the world.

The theory of Constructivism states that Students just not take in information passively but they construct their own rationalism.

The interaction with people and the experiences help the learners to construct their own views by adding these experiences to the existing information.

This method of learning serves the motive to teach students to not rely on others and just the information but to develop their own rationale.

Therefore , The belief of professor smiths represents a view of  constructivism.

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Explanation:  Reformation and Calvinism relate to changes in the Church, the appearance of a different opinion and attitude that led to Protestantism, and the important fact that the Pope does not have to be supreme authority, primarily religious and secular, since in the Middle Ages the Church also brought religious and secular decisions. The colonization of America, on the other hand, has, during its history, led to the perception of revolution as its natural law, which can not be suppressed either by the king or by any authority. Both Protestantism and colonization of America will, in the long run, lead to the idea of ​​individualism as the right of everyone to be able to develop, educate, advance, and not according to the will of someone.

Thus, even at the end of the Middle Ages, when the nobility on their estates, feuds, possessed the servants and knights and decided their fate, a class of people, bankers, traders and craftsmen slowly appeared, which especially strengthened with the appearance of the Renaissance. This class of people ran around the edge of feud and offered their services. An atmosphere has already been created in which people who did not possess great feuds have found ways to enrich and advance. Protestantism and the New World with new possibilities have been a perfect ground for strengthening such a class as entrepreneurs, new business relationships have been created that have become more and more prominent.

Conditions have been created for the realization of new ideas and ways of earning, where everyone as an individual has the right to personal life and progress.  Thus a new class of bankers, traders called the bourgeoisie, appeared, which would later launch a series of revolutions for the exercise of their rights and the overthrow of authority, kings, nobility.

The system they will create is capitalism and will organize the social system differently. This system was not based on the great kingdoms consist of many ethnic groups, but the idea of ​​a nation-state. These ideas were assisted by the ideas of the Enlightenment, the natural rights of citizens, who are entitled to choose their own authority and to change it, and thus exercise their rights. This is all the more convenient in the national states.

Modern nation states, as well as capitalism as a system of social relations, economics, draw their roots precisely from these ideas. All Protestant reforms, the colonization of America and the creation of a new world with new ideals of freedom, revolutions that led to the possibility of exercising civil rights, the idea of ​​individuation and the realization that they do not need the Pope or the King to exercise their rights have led to what is today's nation state with a market economy.