Which molecular geometries can stem from tetrahedral electronic geometry?

Ladybug is the consumer that feeds on the aphid species. The number of ladybugs in the garden can be estimated by knowing the dimensions of the garden. Thus, option A is correct.

Dimensions are the proportions or the measurable parameters to estimate the size, like length, volume, height, breadth, and others of the given place or object. They are the coordinates that define enclosed parameters in it.

It is an important part of science as measurements are used in the quantitative analysis of the experiments. In estimating the number of ladybugs in the garden one has to know the area or the parameters of the garden.

Therefore, the dimensions of the garden must be known to estimate the number of ladybugs.

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Just like how heat moves from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature, molecules also tend to move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. This is called natural diffusion and is naturally happening to reach stability.

Answer: Option (D) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

It is known that 1 centimeter contains 10 millimeter. Therefore, unit millimeter (mm) is smaller than centimeter (cm).

So, when different substances were dissolved in water then according to the given chart, substance which shows smallest number in millimeters will have the greatest solubility.

Thus, we can conclude that substance Z has the greatest solubility.

Answer:

D)Substance Z has the greatest solubility.

Explanation:

As Tanya actually put the same amount of subtances in the same amount of water, the leftovers that settled at the bottom of each test tube were the amount of that given substance that couldn´t dissolve in the water, so the one that has the least amount of substance settled in the tube is the one with the greatest solubility, as substance Z had only 0.1 mm left, that is the one with the greatest solubility.

Answer:

I got The combined gas law combines the three gas laws: Boyle's Law, Charles' Law, and Gay-Lussac's Law. It states that the ratio of the product of pressure and volume and the absolute temperature of a gas is equal to a constant. When Avogadro's law is added to the combined gas law, the ideal gas law results.

By doubling concentration [a] from 0.100 M to 0.200 M in a chemical reaction where the rate is proportional to the square of [a], the rate quadruples. Consequently, the new rate is 0.0800 M/s given the original rate was 0.0200 M/s.

The question involves a chemical reaction where the rate is proportional to the square of the concentration of reactant A, given as rate = k[a]2[b]2. When the concentration of A ([a]) is increased from 0.100 M to 0.200 M, the rate of the reaction changes accordingly. Considering the reaction rate's dependence on the concentration, and using the given rate equation, the new rate will be:

Original rate = k(0.100 M)2[b]2

New rate when [a] is doubled = k(0.200 M)2[b]2 = k(4)(0.100 M)2[b]2
= 4 × (original rate)

Therefore, if the original rate is 0.0200 M/s, the new rate when the concentration of A is doubled will be 0.0800 M/s.

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Final answer:

To form a neutral ionic compound with a 4+ cation and a 1- anion, the ratio of cations to anions must be 1:4. The resulting formula would be AB4. The unit cell structure depends on the size of the ions and can be FCC or simple cubic, but the neutrality is dictated by the stoichiometric balance of charges.

Explanation:

If an ionic compound were composed of a 4+ cation (A4+) and a 1- anion (B-), to form a neutral compound, the ratio of cations to anions must reflect the balancing of charges. Since the A cation has a charge of +4, and the B anion has a charge of -1, you would need four B anions to balance the charge of one A cation, giving a formula of AB4. The structure of the unit cell that accommodates this ratio depends on the relative sizes of the ions.

If A4+ and B- vary significantly in size, as in the case of NaCl, the compound may crystallize in a face-centered cubic (FCC) unit cell, with the smaller cations occupying the octahedral holes. However, if the ion sizes are relatively similar, the compound might form a simple cubic structure like CsCl.

Ultimately, the exact structure will depend on experimental data, as crystal structure cannot be precisely predicted by ionic charges alone. Regardless of the cell type, what determines the neutrality of the compound is the stoichiometric balance of the total positive and negative charges, which in the case of A4+ and B-, a 1:4 ratio is necessary to create an electrically neutral compound.

According to the Kinetic Molecular Theory, the absolute temperature of a gas is directly related to average molecular kinetic energy. Therefore, option B is correct.

The energy that an object has as a result of motion is known as kinetic energy. It is described as the effort required to move a mass-determined body from rest to the indicated velocity. The body holds onto the kinetic energy it acquired during its acceleration until its speed changes.

Kinetic energy has the following formula: K.E. = 1/2 m v2, where m is the object's mass and v is its square velocity. The kinetic energy is measured in kilograms-meters squared per second squared if the mass is measured in kilograms and the velocity is measured in meters per second.

The idea of kinetic energy was first proposed in 1849 by William Thompson, who subsequently rose to the position of Lord Kelvin.

Thus, option B is correct.

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The structure of the compounds a,b,c and d are attached in the images below.

Compound is defined as a chemical substance made up of identical molecules containing atoms from more than one type of chemical element.

Molecule consisting atoms of only one element is not called compound.It is transformed into new substances during chemical reactions. There are four major types of compounds depending on chemical bonding present in them.They are:

1)Molecular compounds where in atoms are joined by covalent bonds.

2) ionic compounds where atoms are joined by ionic bond.

3)Inter-metallic compounds where atoms are held by metallic bonds

4) co-ordination complexes where atoms are held by co-ordinate bonds.

They have a unique chemical structure held together by chemical bonds Compounds have different properties as those of elements because when a compound is formed the properties of the substance are totally altered.

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This question asks for a balanced equation for the reaction between hydrobromic acid and sodium bicarbonate. The balanced equation is HBr(aq) + NaHCO3(aq) → NaBr(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) with respective phases of the substances noted.

The reaction between HBr(aq) and NaHCO3(aq) can be represented as a chemical equation as follows:

HBr(aq) + NaHCO3(aq) → NaBr(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)

Here, the phases are expressed in parentheses. '(aq)' represents an aqueous solution, '(l)' represents a liquid, and '(g)' signifies a gas. In this reaction, hydrobromic acid (HBr) reacts with sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) to produce sodium bromide (NaBr), water (H2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2). In the balanced equation, the number of each type of atom on the reactant side (left) is equal to the number of each atom type on the product side (right), and this showcases the Law of Conservation of Mass.

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Answer : The number of carbon atoms present in isopropyl alcohol is, [tex]7.51\times 10^{23}[/tex]

Solution : Given,

Mass of isopropyl alcohol = 25 g

Molar mass of isopropyl alcohol = 60 g/mole

In isopropyl alcohol molecule, there are 3 carbon atoms and 8 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom present.

First we have to calculate the moles of isopropyl alcohol.

[tex]\text{Moles of }C_3H_8O=\frac{\text{Mass of }C_3H_8O}{\text{Molar mass of }C_3H_8O}=\frac{25g}{60g/mole}=0.416moles[/tex]

As we know that 1 mole of gas contains [tex]6.022\times 10^{23}[/tex] number of atoms

As, 1 mole of gas contains [tex]3\times 6.022\times 10^{23}[/tex] number of carbon atoms

So, 0.416 mole of gas contains [tex]0.146\times 3\times 6.022\times 10^{23}=7.51\times 10^{23}[/tex] number of carbon atoms

Therefore, the number of carbon atoms present in isopropyl alcohol is, [tex]7.51\times 10^{23}[/tex]

There are 7.53×10²³ atoms of carbon in 25 g of isopropyl alcohol C₃H₈O

We'll begin by calculating the number of mole in 25 g of C₃H₈O. This can be obtained as follow:

Mass of C₃H₈O = 25 g

Molar mass of C₃H₈O = (12×3) + (8×1) + 12

= 36 + 8 + 16 = 60 g/mol

Mole = mass / molar mass

Mole of C₃H₈O = 25 / 60

Next, we shall determine the number of mole of C in 0.417 mole of C₃H₈O.

1 mole of C₃H₈O contains 3 moles of C.

Therefore, 0.417 mole of C₃H₈O. Will contain = 0.417 × 3 = 1.251 moles of C.

Finally, we shall determine the number of atoms in 1.251 moles of C. this can be obtained as follow:

From Avogadro's hypothesis,

1 mole of C = 6.02×10²³ atoms

Therefore,

1.251 moles of C = 1.251 × 6.02×10²³

Thus, we can conclude that 25.0 g of isopropyl alcohol, C₃H₈O contains 7.53×10²³ atoms of carbon.

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Answer:

table salt (NaCl) - I

TNT (C7H5N3O9) - O

glucose (C6H12O6) - O

2, 4-D (C3H6O3Cl2) - O

limestone (CaCO₃) - I

water (H₂O) - I

hope it helps :)

Answer: A

Explanation:

Larger gases like Neon produce more color bands (line spectra) than smaller gases like Hydrogen because they have more energy levels and therefore more possible electronic transitions. The number of color bands in a line spectrum is determined by the number of possible electronic transitions.

When a gas is heated, it emits light in the form of a line spectrum. The line spectrum consists of discrete, colored lines that correspond to specific wavelengths of light. Larger gases like Neon produce more color bands (line spectra) than smaller gases like Hydrogen because larger atoms have more energy levels and therefore more possible electronic transitions.

For example, Neon has ten electrons and its line spectrum consists of several distinct lines in the visible range, including red, orange, and blue. In contrast, Hydrogen has only one electron and its line spectrum consists of four distinct lines, called the Balmer series, with wavelengths in the red, green, blue, and violet regions of the spectrum.

Therefore, the number of color bands in a line spectrum is determined by the number of possible electronic transitions, which is higher for larger gases due to their larger number of energy levels.

Answer: The stoichiometric coefficient of [tex]O_2[/tex] is 3.

Explanation:

Every balanced chemical equation follows Law of conservation of mass.

This law states that mass can neither be created nor be destroyed, but it can only be transformed from one form to another form.

This also means that the total number of individual atoms on the reactant side must be equal to the total number of individual atoms on the product side.

For the balanced chemical equation:

[tex]C_2H_6O(l)+3O_2(g)\rightarrow 2CO2(g)+3H_2O(l)[/tex]

On reactant side:

Number of Carbon atoms = 2

Number of Hydrogen atoms = 6

Number of Oxygen atoms = 7

On product side:

Number of Carbon atoms = 2

Number of Hydrogen atoms = 6

Number of Oxygen atoms = 7

Hence, the coefficient of [tex]O_2[/tex] in the balanced chemical equation is 3.

A chemical equation is said to be balanced if the quantity of each type of atom in the reaction is the same on both the reactant and product sides. In a balanced chemical equation, the mass and the charge are both equal. Here the stoichiometric coefficient for oxygen is 7.

A balanced chemical equation, in which the masses of the reactants and products are equal, contains the same amount of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation. In other words, both sides of the reaction have an equal balance of mass and charge.

The number in front of the formula is the coefficient in chemistry. The coefficient reveals the number of molecules in a specific formula.

Here the balanced equation is:

2C₂H₆ +7O₂ → 4CO₂+ 6H₂O

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The theoretical yield of Cu in the reaction [tex]{\text{C}}{{\text{u}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{S}}+{{\text{O}}_2}\to2{\text{Cu}}+{\text{S}}{{\text{O}}_2}[/tex] is [tex]\boxed{{\text{4 g}}}[/tex]  

Further Explanation:

Stoichiometry of a reaction is used to determine the amount of species present in the reaction by the relationship between the reactants and products. It can be used to determine the moles of a chemical species when the moles of other chemical species present in the reaction is given.

Consider the general reaction,

 [tex]{\text{A}}+2{\text{B}}\to3{\text{C}}[/tex]

Here,

A and B are reactants.

C is the product.

One mole of A reacts with two moles of B to produce three moles of C. The stoichiometric ratio between A and B is 1:2, the stoichiometric ratio between A and C is 1:3 and the stoichiometric ratio between B and C is 2:3.

The given reaction is,

 [tex]{\text{C}}{{\text{u}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{S}}+{{\text{O}}_2}\to2{\text{Cu}}+{\text{S}}{{\text{O}}_2}[/tex]

• On reactant side,

Number of copper atoms is 2.

Number of sulfur atom is 1.

Number of oxygen atoms is 2.

• On the product side,

Number of copper atoms is 2.

Number of sulfur atom is 1.

Number of oxygen atoms is 2.

The number of atoms of all the species in both the reactant and the product side is the same. So above reaction is balanced. The stoichiometry of the balanced reaction indicates that 1 mole of [tex]{\text{C}}{{\text{u}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{S}}[/tex] reacts with 1 mole of [tex]{{\text{O}}_2}[/tex] to form 2 moles of Cu and 1 mole of [tex]{\text{S}}{{\text{O}}_2}[/tex] .

The formula to calculate the number of moles of [tex]{\text{C}}{{\text{u}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{S}}[/tex] is as follows:

[tex]{\text{Moles of C}}{{\text{u}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{S}}=\frac{{{\text{Given mass of C}}{{\text{u}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{S}}}}{{{\text{Molar mass of C}}{{\text{u}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{S}}}}[/tex]                                               ......(1)

The given mass of [tex]{\text{C}}{{\text{u}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{S}}[/tex] is 5 g.

The molar mass of [tex]{\text{C}}{{\text{u}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{S}}[/tex] is 159.16 g/mol.

Substitute these values in equation (1)

[tex]\begin{aligned}{\text{Moles of C}}{{\text{u}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{S}}{\mathbf{&=}}\left( {5\;{\text{g}}}\right)\left({\frac{{{\text{1}}\;{\text{mol}}}}{{{\text{159}}{\text{.16}}\;{\text{g}}}}}\right)\\&=0.0314\;{\text{mol}}\\\end{aligned}[/tex]

According to the stoichiometry, 1 mole of [tex]{\text{C}}{{\text{u}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{S}}[/tex] react with 1 mole of [tex]{{\text{O}}_2}[/tex] to form 2 moles of Cu.

So the number of moles of Cu formed by 0.0314 moles of [tex]{\text{C}}{{\text{u}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{S}}[/tex] is calculated as follows:

[tex]\begin{aligned}{\text{Moles of Cu}}{\mathbf{&=}}\left(2\right)\times\left( {0.0314}\right)\\&=0.0628\;{\text{mol}}\\\end{aligned}[/tex]

The formula to calculate the mass of Cu is as follows:

[tex]{\mathbf{Mass\:of\:Cu=}}\left({{\mathbf{Moles\:of\:Cu}}}\right){\mathbf{\times}}\left( {{\mathbf{Molar\:mass\:of \:Cu}}}\right)[/tex]  ......(2)

The moles of Cu are 0.0628 mol.

The molar mass of Cu is 63.546 g/mol.

Substitute these values in equation (2)

[tex]\begin{aligned}{\text{Mass of Cu}}&=( {0.0628\text{ mol})\times\left(\dfrac{63.546\text{ g}}{1\text{ mol}}\right)\\&={\text{3}}{\text{.99 g}}\\&\approx {\text{4 g}}\\\end{aligned}[/tex]

So the theoretical yield of Cu during the reaction is 4 g.

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Answer details:

Grade: High School

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Mole concept

Keywords: stoichiometry, Cu2S, Cu, O2, Cu2S, moles, A, B, C, theoretical yield, 4g, molar mass, reactants, products, 0.0314 moles, 0.0628 moles, copper, sulfur, oxygen.

The number of neutrons in the given neutral atom of beryllium is equal to 5. Therefore, option (B) is correct.

A neutral atom can be described as an atom in which the number of the positive charge is equal to the number of the negative charge. Therefore, the overall charge on the neutral atom is equal to zero.

For a neutral atom, we can say that the number of electrons in an atom is equal to the number of protons in that atom. All chemical elements are arranged in the modern periodic table are present in the neutral state.

The average mass or atomic mass of the atom is equal to the sum of the number of protons and neutrons present in the nucleus of an atom.

Given, the average mass of a neutral atom of beryllium (Be) = 9

Therefore, neutrons + protons = 9 in the Be atom

The number of electrons for the neutral atom of Be = 4

The number of neutrons in Be atom = 9 - 4 = 5

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The astrophysicist who had the first advance idea that the chemical elements origanted are from the hydrogen in the stars is Hubert Reeves. He was a French and Canadian astrophycist in which is also responsible of proposing the idea given in the statement above as he was concluding his studies and researches in regards with hydrogen and helium.

Answer: Option (d) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

An equation will be said balanced equation when there are equal number of atoms on both reactant and product side.

For example, [tex]PCl_{5} + 4H_{2}O \rightarrow 5HCl + H_{3}PO_{4}[/tex]

Number of atoms on reactant sides are as follows.

P = 1

Cl = 5

H = 8

O = 4

Number of atoms on product side are as follows.

P = 1

Cl = 5

H = 8

O = 4

Thus, there are equal number of atoms on both reactant and product side. Hence, this equation is balanced.

The complex is named cobalt(III) chloride. Cobalt has an oxidation number of +3, and the complex has a coordination number of six.

The complex is named cobalt(III) chloride. In this complex, cobalt has an oxidation number of +3. The en ligands are neutral, while the Cl ligands have a charge of -1. The coordination number of this complex is six because it has six ligands.

The complex [tex]CoCl_2(en)_2[/tex] is named dichlorobis(ethylenediamine)cobalt(II).

To name the complex [tex]CoCl_2(en)_2[/tex], we follow these steps:

Identify the ligands and metal:

Determine the appropriate prefixes for the number of each ligand:

Find the overall charge of the complex. Ethylenediamine is neutral (0 charge), and each chloro ligand has a [tex]-1[/tex] charge. The cobalt ion's oxidation state is given as [tex]+2[/tex].

Algebraically, calculate the total charge contribution: Co + 2(en) + 2(Cl) = +2 which leads to Co + 0 + (-1) * 2 = 0. Thus, cobalt is in the [tex]+2[/tex] oxidation state.

Write the name of the complex. The ligands are listed alphabetically (ignoring prefixes): dichlorobis(ethylenediamine)cobalt(II).

Answer:

65 g of nitrous oxide contain 2.96 moles of nitrogen.

Explanation:

Given data:

mass of N₂O = 65 g

moles of nitrogen = ?

Solution:

First of all we will calculate the moles of N₂O.

number of moles = mass / molar mass

number of moles = 65 g/ 44.01 g/mol

number of moles = 1.48 mol

One mole of nitrous oxide contain two mole of nitrogen.

we will multiply the moles of nitrous oxide with two.

1.48 mol × 2 = 2.96 moles

So 65 g of nitrous oxide contain 2.96 moles of nitrogen.

Answer:

The given alkene is in the Z configuration. The bromination will result in the formation of 2,3 Dibromo 3 methyl pentane.

Explanation:

E and Z forms of the isomers are the configuration in which the polarity of groups on different sides of the double bond is different.

When the polar groups are on the opposite side of the double bond, it results in a Z isomer. When the polar groups are on the same side of the double it results in an E isomer.

The given figure is of [tex]\rm CH_3-CH=CH-CH_2-CH_2[/tex]

There is the presence of polar groups on the opposite side of the isomer. The molecule posses Z isomer.

The bromination of the molecule will result in the formation of 2,3 dibromo-3 methyl pentane.

The image for the bromination is attached below.

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The mass of fluoride ion in sodium fluoride, sodium fluorosilicate, and fluorosilicic acid in 100.0-lb containers is calculated using the molecular weight and the weight percentage of fluoride in each compound, and it is found to be 45 kg, 47 kg, and 46 kg respectively.

To calculate the mass of fluoride ion (F-) in a 100-lb container of each of these compounds, we need to first convert the mass from pounds to kilograms: 1lb = 0.4536 kg. Therefore, 100lb = 45.36 kg. Then, calculate the molar mass of each of these three compounds:

The proportion of fluoride ion in each compound is calculated by dividing the molar mass of F by the total molar mass of the compound:

Therefore, a 100-lb container of sodium fluoride contains approximately 20.45 kg, sodium fluorosilicate 27.46 kg, and fluorosilicic acid 35.78 kg of fluoride ion.

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Answer : The mass of calcium sulfate precipitate will be, 6.12 grams

Solution :

First we have to calculate the moles of [tex]Ca^{2+}[/tex] and [tex]SO_4^{2-}[/tex].

[tex]\text{Moles of }Ca^{2+}=\text{Molarity of }Ca^{2+}\times \text{Volume of }Ca^{2+}=0.10mole/L\times 0.5L=0.05\text{ moles}[/tex]

[tex]\text{Moles of }SO_4^{2-}=\text{Molarity of }SO_4^{2-}\times \text{Volume of }SO_4^{2-}=0.10mole/L\times 0.5L=0.05\text{ moles}[/tex]

As, 0.05 moles of [tex]Ca^{2+}[/tex] is mixed with 0.05 moles of  [tex]SO_4^{2-}[/tex], it gives 0.05 moles of calcium sulfate.

Now we have to calculate the solubility of calcium sulfate.

The balanced equilibrium reaction will be,

[tex]CaSO_4\rightleftharpoons Ca^{2+}+SO_4^{2-}[/tex]

The expression for solubility constant for this reaction will be,

[tex]K_{sp}=(s)\times (s)[/tex]

[tex]K_{sp}=(s)^2[/tex]

Now put the value of [tex]K_{sp}[/tex] in this expression, we get the solubility of calcium sulfate.

[tex]2.40\times 10^{-5}=(s)^2[/tex]

[tex]s=4.89\times 10^{-3}M[/tex]

Now we have to calculate the moles of dissolved calcium sulfate in one liter solution.

[tex]\text{Moles of }CaSO_4=\text{Molarity of }CaSO_4\times \text{Volume of }CaSO_4=4.89\times 10^{-3}mole/L\times 1L=4.89\times 10^{-3}\text{ moles}[/tex]

Now we have to calculate the moles of calcium sulfate that precipitated.

[tex]\text{Moles of }CaSO_4\text{ precipitated}=\text{Moles of }CaSO_4\text{ present}-\text{Moles of }CaSO_4\text{ dissolved}[/tex]

[tex]\text{Moles of }CaSO_4\text{ precipitated}=0.05-4.89\times 10^{-3}=0.045\text{ moles}[/tex]

Now we have to calculate the mass of calcium sulfate that precipitated.

[tex]\text{Mass of }CaSO_4\text{ precipitated}=\text{Moles of }CaSO_4\text{ precipitated}\times \text{Molar mass of }CaSO_4[/tex]

[tex]\text{Mass of }CaSO_4\text{ precipitated}=0.045moles\times 136g/mole=6.12g[/tex]

Therefore, the mass of calcium sulfate precipitate will be, 6.12 grams

6.13 grams

Given:

Question:

What mass of calcium sulfate will precipitate?

The Process:

Step-1

The balanced equilibrium reaction:

[tex]\boxed{ \ CaSO_4_{(s)} \rightleftharpoons Ca^{2+}_{(aq)} + SO_{4}^{2-}_{(aq)} \ }[/tex] [tex]\boxed{ \ K_{sp} = 2.40 \times 10^{-5} \ }[/tex]

Let us prepare moles for both ions.

[tex]\boxed{ \ M = \frac{n}{V} \ }[/tex] [tex]\rightarrow \boxed{ \ n = MV \ }[/tex]

[tex]\boxed{ \ Moles \ of \ Ca^{2+} = 0.10 \ \frac{mole}{L} \times 0.5 \ L = 0.05 \ moles \ }[/tex]

[tex]\boxed{ \ Moles \ of \ SO_4^{2+} = 0.10 \ \frac{mole}{L} \times 0.5 \ L = 0.05 \ moles \ }[/tex]

Then prepare the concentration of each ion after mixing. Remember, after mixing we get a total volume of 500 mL + 500 mL = 1,000 mL or 1 L.

[tex]\boxed{ \ [Ca^{2+}] = \frac{0.05 \ moles}{1 \ L} = 0.05 \ M \ }[/tex]

[tex]\boxed{ \ [SO_4^{2-}] = \frac{0.05 \ moles}{1 \ L} = 0.05 \ M \ }[/tex]

Step-2

Let us calculate the ion product (Q) and compare it to Ksp.

[tex]\boxed{ \ Q = [Ca^{2+}][SO_{4}^{2-}] \ }[/tex] [tex]\rightarrow \boxed{ \ Q = [0.05][0.05] = 2.50 \times 10^{-3} \ M^2 \ }[/tex]

Compare with [tex]\boxed{ \ K_{sp} = 2.40 \times 10^{-5} \ }[/tex].

Because Q > Ksp, the solution is supersaturated and CaSO₄ will precipitate from solution.

Step-3

Let us calculate the solubility of CaSO₄ (s).

CaSO₄ ⇄ Ca²⁺ + SO₄²⁻

   s            s           s

[tex]\boxed{ \ K_{sp} = [Ca^{2+}][SO_{4}^{2-}] \ }[/tex]

[tex]\boxed{ \ K_{sp} = s \times s \ }[/tex]

[tex]\boxed{ \ K_{sp} = s^2 \ } \rightarrow \boxed{ \ s = \sqrt{K_{sp}} \ }[/tex]

[tex]\boxed{ \ s = \sqrt{2.40 \times 10^{-5}} \ }[/tex]

Hence, the solubility of CaSO₄ is [tex]\boxed{ \ 4.90 \times 10^{-3} \ M \ }[/tex].

After that, we can find out the mole of CaSO₄ which is dissolved.

[tex]\boxed{ \ Moles \ of \ CaSO_4 = 4.90 \times 10^{-3} \ \frac{mole}{L} \times (0.5 + 0.5) \ L = 4.90 \times 10^{-3} \ moles \ }[/tex]

Step-4

Thus we know that in this reaction:

[tex]\boxed{ \ CaSO_4_{(s)} \rightleftharpoons Ca^{2+}_{(aq)} + SO_{4}^{2-}_{(aq)} \ }[/tex] 0.05 moles of Ca²⁺ mixed with 0.05 moles of SO₄²⁻, will produce 0.05 moles of CaSO₄.

To calculate the precipitated mole of CaSO₄, we must subtract the resulting CaSO₄ mole with the dissolved CaSO₄ mole.

Moles of CaSO₄ precipitated = [tex]\boxed{ \ 0.05 \ moles - 4.90 \times 10^{-3} \ moles = 0.0451 \ moles \ }[/tex]

Final Step

Let us calculate the mass of CaSO₄ that will precipitate.

[tex]\boxed{ \ n = \frac{mass}{Mr} \ }[/tex] [tex]\rightarrow \boxed{ \ mass = n \times Mr \ }[/tex]

The molar mass of CaSO₄ is 136 g/mole.

[tex]\boxed{ \ mass = 0.0451 \ moles \times 136 \ \frac{g}{mole} \ }[/tex]

Thus, the mass of calcium sulfate which will precipitate by 6.13 grams.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Notes

Answer: The given statement is False.

Explanation:

Electronegativity is defined as the tendency of an element to attract a shared pair of electron towards itself.

Electronegativity increases across a period as the atomic number of the elements increases. This happens because the size of an atom decreases on moving across the period. This is so, the electrons get added to the same shell and the nuclear charge keeps on increasing. So, the electrons get more tightly held by the nucleus.

As, the size of an element decreases, the valence electrons come closer to the nucleus or the attraction of the valence electrons increases to the nucleus.

Electronegativity decreases down the group because the size of an atom increases as we move down the group as new shell is added and electron gets added up in the new shell. As, the size of an element increases, the valence electrons gets far away from the nucleus. So, the attraction between the nucleus and the shared pair of electrons decreases.

As we know, atomic number increases across a period and also on moving down the group.

So, the trend of electronegativity is not continuous because on moving down the group, it decreases and on moving across a period, it increases.

Hence, the given statement is False

Electronegativity does not increase continuously with atomic number; it increases from left to right across a period due to nuclear charge but decreases from top to bottom in a group due to increased atomic size.

The statement that electronegativity increases continuously as atomic number increases is false. Electronegativity does increase from left to right across each period, mainly due to the increase in nuclear charge. For example, fluorine has a higher electronegativity than carbon because it has more protons, which exert a greater pull on electrons. However, electronegativity decreases as you move down a group, because the atomic size increases, making the nucleus less effective at pulling bonding electrons. This is exemplified by halogens like fluorine (F) having a higher electronegativity than chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), and iodine (I) as the atom size increases down the group. Additionally, periodic trends indicate that electronegativity and radius typically decrease towards the upper left of the periodic table. The size of an atom is inversely related to electronegativity, with larger atoms exhibiting lower electronegativity.