Which of the following countries ,according to amnesty international,is responsible for executing 3400people (80 percent of all executions globally)?

After being defeated in the Chinese Civil War, the Nationalists fled to Taiwan, where they established their own government, which was internationally recognized until the 1970s.

After the Chinese Civil War, the Nationalists, known as the Kuomintang, were defeated by the Communists led by Mao Zedong. Following their defeat, the Nationalists retreated to Taiwan under the leadership of Chiang Kai-Shek. In Taiwan, they established their government, continuing the Republic of China. This government was recognized internationally by the United Nations and the United States until the 1970s due to Cold War politics. Despite changes in diplomatic recognition, the United States continues to guarantee Taiwan's autonomy from mainland China. The Chinese Civil War had profound effects on the nation's history and the geopolitical landscape of East Asia.

"The great transition from fish to tetrapods, which marks one of the most significant events in the history of life on Earth, occurred during the Devonian period, approximately 360 to 390 million years ago. This transition involved a series of evolutionary steps that allowed aquatic creatures to adapt to life on land.

Here is a simplified explanation of the process:

1. Lobe-finned Fish: The ancestors of tetrapods were lobe-finned fish (sarcopterygii), which had fleshy, lobed fins containing bones and muscles. These fins were precursors to the limbs of tetrapods.

2. Adaptations for Aquatic Life: Initially, these lobe-finned fish developed adaptations for living in shallow, oxygen-poor waters. These adaptations included the ability to gulp air directly into their lungs, which were evolving from the swim bladders that helped with buoyancy.

3. Evolution of Limbs: Over time, the lobed fins of these fish began to elongate and develop joints, allowing for a range of movements. This was advantageous for moving through dense vegetation and navigating the complex environments of shallow waters.

4. Breathing Air: The development of lungs and the ability to breathe air were crucial for survival in habitats where water may have been low in oxygen or prone to drying up.

5. Transition to Land: As these fish ventured onto land, possibly to find new resources or escape predators, their fins continued to evolve into sturdy limbs capable of supporting their weight and allowing them to move on solid ground.

6. Skeletal Changes: Significant changes in the skeletal structure occurred to support the body against gravity and to facilitate movement on land. These changes included a stronger backbone, modified skulls, and limbs with digits.

7. Reproductive and Respiratory Adaptations: To reproduce on land, these early tetrapods needed to lay eggs that could survive out of water or give birth to live young. Additionally, their respiratory systems had to become more efficient at extracting oxygen from the air.

8. Early Tetrapods: The first true tetrapods, such as *Acanthostega* and *Ichthyostega*, had limbs with digits, but they still retained many fish-like characteristics, indicating they were adapted to both aquatic and terrestrial environments.

9. Diversification: Once the basic tetrapod body plan was established, these creatures began to diversify, leading to the wide variety of tetrapods we see today, including amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.

The transition from fish to tetrapods was a complex process that involved many incremental changes over millions of years. Fossil evidence, such as the discovery of *Tiktaalik roseae*, has provided critical insights into this pivotal period in evolutionary history, bridging the gap between fish and the first land-dwelling vertebrates."

The battle of Valmy was a decisive battle in the French Revolutionary Wars, resulting in a French victory against the Prussian Army. It boosted the morale of the French revolutionary forces and halted the Prussian advance towards Paris.

The battle at Valmy was a major turning point in the French Revolutionary Wars. It took place on September 20, 1792, between the French Revolutionary Army and the Prussian Army. Prior to the battle, the Prussian Army was advancing towards Paris to suppress the French Revolution. However, the French troops, led by General Charles Dumouriez and General François Kellermann, successfully defended their position and repelled the Prussian attack.

The outcome of the battle was a French victory. The Prussian Army suffered heavy losses and was forced to retreat. This victory at Valmy boosted the morale of the French Revolutionary forces and marked the beginning of the French army's successful defense against European powers. The battle at Valmy was important because it demonstrated the strength and determination of the French Revolutionary Army. It inspired patriotism and unity among the French people and helped solidify the power of the French Revolution. The victory at Valmy also had broader implications, as it prevented the Prussian invasion of France and preserved the revolutionary ideals in the country.

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1- ANTHROPOLOGY --- The study of the human race

Anthropology is the science that studies human beings in an integral way, their physical characteristics as animals and their culture.

2- SCIENTIFIC METHOD --- The processes and procedures by which we acquire information

The scientific method is a methodology for obtaining new knowledge, which has historically characterized science, and which consists of systematic observation, measurement, experimentation, and the formulation, analysis and modification of hypotheses.

3- CUNEIFORM ---Symbols used to represent sounds

An ancient writing system that represents characters and words with symbols in the form of wedges and nails.

4- HIEROGLYPHS --- Symbols used to represent objects

A hieroglyph is each of the graphic signs of the writing system invented by the ancient Egyptians.

5- LINGUISTICS --- The study of languages

Linguistics is the scientific study of both the structure of natural languages and related aspects as well as their historical evolution, their internal structure and the knowledge that speakers have of their own language.

6- PETROGLYPHS --- Pictures carved out of stone

Petroglyphs are symbolic designs engraved on rocks, made by wearing their surface layer.

The British monarchy's role in India after 1857 was marked by direct control through the British Raj, with Queen Victoria proclaimed Empress of India. Local rulers were subservient to the Crown, and an elite of Western-educated Indians was cultivated to help administer the colony, forming the early seeds of nationalism.

After the uprising of 1857, the role of the British monarchy in India changed significantly. Once the British East India Company was disbanded, the British Parliament took direct control over India, starting the period known as the British Raj. The local rulers who had been loyal to Britain during the rebellion remained in nominal power but they were effectively subservient to the British Crown. In 1876, Queen Victoria was officially proclaimed Empress of India, which marked a ceremonial endorsement of British sovereignty over India.

The British also utilized the local elite by training them in English, engineering, science, and British law to help govern and manage the vast colony. This dual strategy of direct control and local administration created a new bureaucratic elite that eventually formed the basis of the nationalist movement against imperial rule.

Answer:

The states would surrender too much power to the federal government

The Great Famine in mid-19th century Ireland led to severe food shortages, claiming the lives of about a million people and prompting a similar number to emigrate. This significant outflow of people dramatically impacted Ireland's demographics, economy, and culture.

The Great Famine had a profound impact on Ireland in the mid-19th century. Out of the options provided, the most accurate is D) It led to a period of large- scale emigration out of Ireland. The famine resulted in severe food shortages, leading to the deaths of approximately one million people and prompting around a million more to leave the country in search of better economic opportunities and living conditions. This massive exodus permanently altered the country's demographic, economic, and cultural landscapes.

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Answer:

C. gross domestic product

Explanation:

on savvas realize

The pharaoh being both a king and a religious leader in Ancient Egypt indicates the absence of separation between church and state.

From the fact that the pharaoh was both a king and a religious leader, we can infer that there was no separation of church and state in Ancient Egypt. The pharaoh held both political and religious power, and was seen as a god on earth. This dual role allowed the pharaoh to have control over both the political and religious aspects of Egyptian society.

For example, the pharaoh was responsible for the construction of temples and monuments dedicated to the gods, showing the close relationship between the king and religious worship. Additionally, the pharaoh performed religious rituals and ceremonies, such as offering sacrifices and leading processions, which further highlighted their religious role.

This system of government and religious leadership was unique to Ancient Egypt and emphasized the close connection between the king, religion, and the divine.

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Answer:

pollution and social inequiality

Explanation:

As the capitalist societies began to develop as a consequence of the industrial revolution in Europe that started in England. The first and until the present no desired negative effects of capitalism emerged:

The pollution:  as people began to seek the jobs offered in cities , large urban areas turned into wastelands as conditions for keeping the water supplys and streets turned quickly into places were people threw trash and by products that noone was used to or responsible for. Many disparity arosed as workers needed 12 hours of work or more to gain only enough for granting self survival. A capitalist class emerged that was interested only in the further growth of capital and little care for the social responsability and inequality present among the working conditions in factories.

The pollution, bad conditions for work and social discrepancies created conditions that generalized into the majority of population while the benefits of the capitalist and innovations where only limited to those who had control of the capital and the means of production.

The correct answer is 1.

When the Wall Street Crash of 1929 took place it unveiled the existence of intense stock speculation that was decreasing abruptly the price of shares, what motivated their owners to get rid of them as soon as possible in order to recover the money invested, and this selling panic collapsed the market.

Moreover the banking system was extremely undercapitalized due to the lack of financial regulatory measures or guidelines. When the New York’s Bank of the United States shut down the banks runs and panic spread all over the country and there was no firewall contention. Banks started selling assets rapidly to be able to attend the money withdrawals from their customers. Of course, the banks which survived cut their credit supply abruptly.

Moreover, overproduction led to the decrease in the price level and in the profits earned by firms, which on top could not obtain any funding. Many fell into bankruptcy.

The spread of Buddhism in northern Chinese courts led to cultural enrichment, economic development, and new forms of public discourse, but also to tension and persecution by the Tang Empire. In contrast, less royal control in the south fostered inclusivity and broader social participation in Buddhist practice. Monarchs also used Buddhism to reinforce authority by sponsoring temples and presenting themselves as living Buddhas.

Effects of the Spread of Buddhism in Northern Chinese Courts

One significant effect of the spread of Buddhism in the northern Chinese "barbarian" courts was the cultural enrichment and transformation these regions experienced. This influence manifested in the patronage of Buddhism by rulers and aristocratic clans as a means of showcasing their pursuit of beauty, education, and high culture. Monasteries became centers of charity, education, and economic activity, contributing to the development of new forms of public discourse and intellectual life.

However, the popularity of Buddhism also led to tensions, particularly with the Tang Empire in the mid-ninth century. The empire cracked down on Buddhist monasteries due to fears of an 'alien influence' on the state, leading to widespread persecution under Emperor Wuzong. This resulted in the destruction of thousands of temples and shrines, confiscation of wealth, and forced secularization of monks and nuns.

In contrast, in the southern mainland regimes, there was less royal control over Buddhism. Influential figures such as Huiyuan espoused Buddhist teachings that allowed for broader social participation, irrespective of an individual's ability to read scriptures. Consequently, Buddhism in these regions provided alternative models of power and piety and initiated a new form of public influence through the teachings and activities of monks and nuns.

Moreover, the inclusion of Buddhism in the social and cultural fabric of these kingdoms encouraged the exchange of ideas. It stimulated advancements in technology and learning, as monarchs borrowed ideas including Chinese political institutions, and legal traditions, as well as Buddhism and Confucianism. The sponsorship of temples and the formation of Buddhist orders by rulers projected them as living Buddhas, reinforcing their authority.

The integration of Buddhism into these courts led to vast intellectual, cultural, and artistic developments, which were both reflected in and spurred by the religion's emphasis on salvation, enlightenment, and service to the community.