Which of the following groups consists of reactive p-block elements?
a. group 1a
c. group 8a
b. group 2a
d. group 3a

Final answer:

The chemical formula for fluorine in its standard state is F₂, which is a diatomic gas due to fluorine's high electronegativity.

Explanation:

The chemical formula for fluorine in its standard state is F₂. Fluorine is a diatomic molecule, meaning it naturally pairs up with another fluorine atom to form a molecule in its most stable and common form, denoted as F₂ gas. Rule 3 of assigning oxidation states is vital for fluorine due to its strong electronegativity, which is the highest among all elements. Thus, the F-F molecule can provide a reference point for calculating oxidation states of other elements.

Answer is: D. Neon is the most stable element because its highest occupied energy level is filled.

Neon (symbol: Ne) is an element (noble gas) with atomic number 10, which means it has 10 protons and 10 electrons.

Electron configuration of neon atom: ₁₀Ne 1s²2s²2p⁶.

Noble gases are in group 18: helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe) and radon (Rn). They have very low chemical reactivity.

Electromagnetic waves can travel through a vacuum and do not require a medium. They include light, radio waves, and X-rays, among others.

The category of waves that cannot be seen and do not require a medium to travel through is known as electromagnetic waves. Unlike mechanical waves such as sound waves and water waves which need a medium (solid, liquid, or gas) to propagate, electromagnetic waves can travel through a vacuum. These consist of oscillations in electric and magnetic fields and include gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet waves, visible light, infrared waves, microwaves, and radio waves. A quintessential example of electromagnetic wave travel is visible light from distant stars reaching Earth through the vacuum of space.

Electromagnetic waves, including varieties like gamma rays and radio waves, do not require a medium to travel and can propagate through a vacuum at the speed of light.

The waves that cannot be seen and do not require a medium to travel through are known as electromagnetic waves. Unlike mechanical waves like sound and water waves, which require a medium such as air, water, or solids to travel through, electromagnetic waves can propagate through the vacuum of space. Some examples of electromagnetic waves include gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet waves, visible light, infrared waves, microwaves, and radio waves.

Electromagnetic waves are generated by the oscillations of electric and magnetic fields and they can move through a vacuum as they do not depend on a medium for their propagation. This characteristic allows electromagnetic waves to travel at a constant speed, known as the speed of light, which is approximately 2.99792458 × 108 m/s. Therefore, these waves are fundamentally different from mechanical waves, and this understanding is important for the study of physics and various applications in technology.

Final answer:

The oxidation number of Cl in the chlorate ion (ClO3-) is +5. This is determined by assigning oxygen an oxidation number of -2 and ensuring that the sum of oxidation numbers equals the ion's charge, which in this case is -1.

Explanation:

To determine the oxidation number of Cl in the chlorate ion (ClO3-), we apply the rules for assigning oxidation numbers. Here's how:

The modern periodic table arranges elements in order of increasing atomic number, which corresponds to the number of protons in an atom's nucleus. The increasing atomic number across the table helps predict properties and interactions of elements.

The modern periodic table is an essential tool in chemistry, used to catalog and organize the known elements. The table is arranged in order of increasing atomic number, which is equivalent to the number of protons in an atom's nucleus.

For instance, Hydrogen has an atomic number of 1 and is the first element on the table, while Helium has an atomic number of 2 and is the second element. As you move down and across the table, the atomic number continues to increase.

This help scientists to predict the properties of various elements, their reactivity, and how they might interact with other elements.

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Answer: Option (C) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

In a chemical reaction equation, the number of species or molecules written on the left hand side denote reactants whereas the species or molecules written on the right hand side denote products.

For example, in the given equation, [tex]SO_{2} \rightarrow S + O_{2}[/tex]. Left hand side molecule is [tex]SO_{2}[/tex] and it is the reactant. Whereas the molecules or species on right hand side are S and [tex]O_{2}[/tex] and these are the products.

Thus, we can conclude that the product(s) in this equation would be S + O2.

D.) Lose electrons when they form ions.

Answer:

A

Explanation:

This chemical reaction contains the elements carbon and oxygen.

The chemical symbol for the element carbon is C. The symbol for oxygen is O. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a compound, not an element.

The given reaction C + O2 → CO2 contains the chemical elements carbon and oxygen. The reactant C represents carbon, while O2 represents oxygen as a diatomic molecule. The product CO2 represents carbon dioxide, which is composed of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms.

In the given reaction C + O2 → CO2, the chemical elements involved are carbon and oxygen. The reactant C represents carbon, while O2 represents oxygen as a diatomic molecule. The product CO2 represents carbon dioxide, which is composed of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms.

Answer:

1 65mL

Explanation:

The best reason to use titration for monitoring the effects of acid rain on drinking water is: to determine the concentration of acid in drinking water. Option A is correct.

Titrations are a well-established quantitative analysis technique that allows scientists to accurately measure the concentration of acids or bases in a solution. This can be particularly useful in environmental chemistry, where it is important to understand the acidity of drinking water due to potential contamination from acid rain.

By applying titration methods, one can detect the exact concentration of acidic species and thus assess their impact on drinking water quality. These methodologies are reliant upon accurately determining the equivalence point, which is often indicated by a change in color for a selected pH indicator, during the titration process.

Hence, A. is the correct option.

The complete question is:

Which of the following would be the best reason to use titration for monitoring the effects of acid rain on drinking water?

A. to determine the concentration of acid in drinking water

B. to find out if the drinking water contains helpful nutrients for the body

C. to find out if there are other poisonous chemicals in the drinking water

D. to determine the molar ratio of acid to base in the drinking water

your answer is C. To confine a fission reaction

i just took the test

What happens when  nitrogen fills its valence  shell is that 3 electron are gained  creating N3- ion

calculation

Hey there! The answer you're looking for is Helium

Here shows the list of per shell

Hydrogen

Lithium

Beryllium

Theansweris Helium

This is unnecessary

Answer:

Explanation: Oxidation-reduction reaction or redox reaction is defined as the reaction in which oxidation and reduction reactions occur simultaneously.

Oxidation reaction is defined as the reaction in which a substance looses its electrons. Reduction reaction is defined as the reaction in which a substance gains electrons.

For the given options:

Option A: [tex]SO_2(g)+H_2O(l)\rightarrow H_2SO_3(aq)[/tex]

This is a combination reaction because two compounds are reacting to form a single compound.

Option B: [tex]CaCO_3(s)\rightarrow CaO+CO_2[/tex]

The above reaction is decomposition reaction because a single compound is breaking down into two compounds.

Option C: [tex]Ca(OH)_2(s)+H_2CO_3(l)\rightarrow CaCO_3(aq)+2H_2O(l)[/tex]

The above reaction is a neutralization reaction because an acid reacts with base to produce salt and water.

Option D: [tex]C_6H_{12}O_6(s)+6O_2(g)\rightarrow CO_2(g)+2H_2O(l)[/tex]

The oxidation state of oxygen changes from 0 to -2, it is gaining electrons. Thus, it is getting reduced and it undergoes reduction reaction. The carbon is getting oxidized and thus it undergoes oxidation reaction.

Thus, it is considered as redox reaction.

Hence, the correct answer is Option D.

Final answer:

To find the oxidation numbers in Fe(NO3)2, we acknowledge that the sum is zero for a neutral compound. Each nitrate ion has an oxidation number of -1; thus, nitrogen is +5, and each oxygen is -2. Therefore, iron must have an oxidation number of +2 to balance the negative charge of the two nitrates.

Explanation:

To determine the oxidation numbers of elements in Fe(NO3)2, we follow the general rules for oxidation states. First, we know that the chemical compound as a whole is neutral, so the sum of all oxidation numbers in Fe(NO3)2 must be zero. Secondly, the oxidation number of oxygen is typically -2. In each nitrate ion (NO3−), there are three oxygen atoms contributing to a total of -6. The nitrate ion has a charge of -1, which means the nitrogen must have an oxidation number of +5 to balance the -6 from the oxygen atoms (x + 3(−2) = −1, x = +5).

Since there are two nitrate ions in Fe(NO3)2, this gives us a total negative charge of -2 from both nitrate ions. Consequently, the iron (Fe) must have an oxidation number of +2 to neutralize the charge from the nitrates (Fe2+). Thus, the complete set of oxidation numbers in Fe(NO3)2 is Fe2+ and two NO3− ions, with nitrogen being +5 and oxygen -2 in each nitrate ion.

Final answer:

To obtain 10L of 11% orange juice mix, we need 6L of 15% orange juice and 4L of 5% orange juice. We determine this by setting up and solving a system of linear equations based on the total volume and desired concentration.

Explanation:

To solve the problem of mixing two concentrations of orange juice to obtain 10 liters of a 11% orange juice solution, we will set up a system of equations. Let's define x as the amount of 15% orange juice and y as the amount of 5% orange juice. The total amount of the mixture should be 10 liters, so we have:

x + y = 10 ... (1)

Next, we set up the second equation based on the concentration of orange juice. Since we want the final concentration to be 11%, we can write the following equation:

0.15x + 0.05y = 0.11(10) ... (2)

Now we solve the system of equations. Multiplying equation (2) by 100 to make the numbers easier to work with, we get:

15x + 5y = 110

From equation (1), we can express y as:

y = 10 - x

Substituting y in equation (2), we have:

15x + 5(10 - x) = 110

15x + 50 - 5x = 110

10x = 60

x = 6

Now we find y using equation (1):

y = 10 - x

y = 10 - 6

y = 4

So, we need 6L of the 15% orange juice and 4L of the 5% orange juice to get 10L of 11% orange juice.

Answer : The number of moles of dipyrithione are [tex]1.4\times 10^1[/tex] moles.

Explanation :

The given molecule is, [tex]C_{10}H_8N_2O_2S_2[/tex]

In this molecule, there are 10 atoms of carbon, 8 atoms of hydrogen, 2 atoms of nitrogen, 2 atoms of oxygen and 2 atoms of sulfur.

As we know that, 1 mole of substance contains [tex]6.022\times 10^{23}[/tex] number of atoms.

As, [tex]6.022\times 10^{23}[/tex] atoms of [tex]N_2[/tex] present in 1 mole of [tex]C_{10}H_8N_2O_2S_2[/tex]

So, [tex]8.2\times 10^{24}[/tex] atoms of [tex]N_2[/tex] present in [tex]\frac{8.2\times 10^{24}}{6.022\times 10^{23}}=13.6\approx 1.4\times 10^1[/tex] mole of [tex]C_{10}H_8N_2O_2S_2[/tex]

Therefore, the number of moles of dipyrithione are [tex]1.4\times 10^1[/tex] moles.

There are 6.8 moles of dipyrithione that contain 8.2 x 10²⁴ atoms of N₂, calculated using Avogadro's number and the composition of the molecule.

Avogadro's number (NA) is 6.022 x 10²³ mol⁻¹, which is the number of particles in one mole of a substance. Since each molecule of N₂ contains two nitrogen atoms,  divide the total number of nitrogen atoms by two to find the number of N₂ molecules, and then divide by Avogadro's number to find the moles of N₂.

First, calculate the number of moles of N₂ by using the formula

[tex]n = \frac{N}{N_A}[/tex]

It relates the number of particles N to the number of moles n. In this case, N is the total number of nitrogen atoms given (8.2 x 10²⁴ atoms), which we divide by 2 to account for N₂, and then divide this number by Avogadro's number (6.022 x 10²³ mol-1) to find the moles of N₂:

nN2 = (8.2 x 10²⁴ atoms) / (2 x 6.022 x 10²³ mol⁻¹) = 6.8 moles of N₂

Since dipyrithione has one N₂ unit per molecule, the number of moles of dipyrithione is the same as the number of moles of N₂:

6.8 moles of dipyrithione will contain 8.2 x 10²⁴ atoms of N₂.

Answer:

Osmium

Explanation:

Got it right on the test.

Answer:

1) Variables

2) Density of the solution: mass in grams / volume in mililiters

3) Mass of NaCl: m₁

    Number of moles = mass in grams / molar mass

    ⇒ mass in grams = number of moles × molar mass

        m₁ = n₁ × MM₁

4) Number of moles of NaCl: n₁

   Molarity = number of moles / Volume of solution in liters

   M = n₁ / Vt

   ⇒ n₁ = M × Vt

5) Substitue in the equation of m₁:

   m₁ = M × Vt × MM₁

6) Substitute in the equation of density:

    d = [M × Vt × MM₁ + m₂] / (1000Vt)

7) Simplify and solve for M

Making the simplistic assumption that the dissolved NaCl(s) does not affect the volume of the solvent water means 1000Vt = V₂  

        m₂/ V₂ is the density of water: 1.00 g/mL

8) Substituting MM₁ = 58.5 g/mol

Comparing with the equation Molarity = m×density + b, you obtain:

The value of m is [tex]\boxed{{\text{1/molar mass}}\left({0.0170\;{\text{mol}}\cdot{{\text{g}}^{-1}}}\right)}[/tex] and the value of b is [tex]\boxed{{\text{mol/volume}}}[/tex].

Further Explanation:

The property is a unique feature of the substance that differentiates it from the other substances. It is classified into two types:

1. Intensive properties:

These are the properties that depend on the nature of the substance. These don't depend on the size of the system. Their values remain unaltered even if the system is further divided into a number of subsystems. Temperature, refractive index, molarity, concentration, pressure, and density are some of the examples of intensive properties.

2. Extensive properties:

These are the properties that depend on the amount of the substance. These are additive in nature when a single system is divided into many subsystems. Mass, enthalpy, volume, energy, size, weight, and length are some of the examples of extensive properties.

Density is defined as the ratio between mass and volume. Both mass and volume are the physical properties that are extensive in nature and their ratio comes out to be an intensive quantity that depends only on the nature of the substance, not on the amount of the substance. The formula to calculate the density of a substance is,

[tex]{\text{Density of substance}}\left({{\rho }}\right){\text{=}}\frac{{{\text{Mass of substance}}\left({\text{M}}\right)}}{{{\text{Volume of substance}}\left({\text{V}}\right)}}[/tex]

Molarity is a concentration term that is defined as the number of moles of solute dissolved in one litre of the solution. It is denoted by M and its unit is mol/L.

The formula to calculate the molarity of the solution is as follows:

[tex]{\text{Molarity of solution}}=\frac{{{\text{amount}}\;\left({{\text{mol}}}\right)\;{\text{of}}\;{\text{solute}}}}{{\;{\text{volume}}\left({\text{L}}\right)\;{\text{of}}\;{\text{solution}}}}[/tex]

The given expression is,

[tex]{\text{Molarity}}={\text{m}}\left({{\text{density}}}\right)+{\text{b}}[/tex]           …… (1)

Substitute the formula of given quantities in equation (1).

[tex]\frac{{{\text{mol}}}}{{{\text{Volume}}}}={\text{m}}\left({\frac{{{\text{mass}}}}{{{\text{Volume}}}}}\right)+{\text{b}}[/tex]                          …… (2)

Quantities with same units are added, subtracted, multiplied or divided. So two quantities on the right-hand side of equation (2) must have the same units and equation (2) becomes,

[tex]\frac{{{\text{mol}}}}{{{\text{Volume}}}}={\text{m}}\left({\frac{{{\text{mass}}}}{{{\text{Volume}}}}}\right)+{\text{m}}\left({\frac{{{\text{mass}}}}{{{\text{Volume}}}}}\right)[/tex]                                 …… (3)

Solve for units of m,

[tex]{\text{m}}=\frac{{{\text{mol}}}}{{{\text{mass}}}}[/tex]

Or it can be written as,

[tex]{\text{m}}=\frac{{\text{1}}}{{{\text{Molar mass}}}}[/tex]                               …… (4)

Substitute 58.5 g/mol for the molar mass of NaCl in equation (4).

[tex]\begin{aligned}{\text{m}}&=\frac{{{\text{1 mol}}}}{{{\text{58}}{\text{.5 g}}}}\\&=0.0170\;{\text{mol}}\cdot{{\text{g}}^{-1}}\\\end{aligned}[/tex]

The unit of b is equal to that of m(density). So its unit can be calculated as follows:

[tex]\begin{aligned}{\text{b}}&=\left({\frac{{{\text{mol}}}}{{{\text{mass}}}}}\right)\left({\frac{{{\text{mass}}}}{{{\text{Volume}}}}}\right)\\&=\frac{{{\text{mol}}}}{{{\text{Volume}}}}\\\end{aligned}[/tex]

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Answer details:

Grade: Senior School

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Keys to studying chemistry

Keywords: Property, intensive, extensive, physical properties, chemical properties, density, substance, amount, quantity, nature, molarity, units, m, b, mol/L, mol/volume, molar mass.

Answer:

True.

Explanation:

In 1824, the German chemist Johann Dobereiner, when analyzing the chemical elements calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr) and barium (Ba), noticed a simple relationship between their atomic masses: the mass of the strontium atom was very close to mass average of the other two elements. This observation was named the Triads of Chemical Elements and thus was born the law of the triads of Johann Döbereiner.

This law argued that elements with similar properties, ie, which reacted similarly with other elements, were organized in groups of three.

In other words, the answer should be  

This can cause an explosion.  

posting this for future users to see!