Answer:
D. the need for a surface area of sufficient area to allow the cell's function
Explanation:
Many cellular functions such as the exchange of substances and respiratory gases, absorption of nutrients, cell-cell communication, etc. require the cells to have a sufficient surface area. A small cell has a larger surface area to volume ratio and therefore, maintains a higher rate of exchange of substances. As the cell increases in size, the surface area grows less than its volume. Therefore, the surface area required to perform the cellular functions puts an upper limit on the cell size.
Cells maintain the required surface area by dividing and/or by developing folding or projections on the surface. For instance, the cells in the wall of the small intestine require to maintain a higher surface area for nutrient absorption. Therefore, the cells of the wall of the small intestine develop microvilli to have a larger surface area which in turn supports a relatively higher rate of absorption.
How does cutting down only mature trees in a forest extend the life of the forest?
A. It maintains forest habitats.
B. It start a new generation of trees.
C. It increases demand for new lumber.
D. It increases the supply of new lumber.
Around 10% of global warming is caused by the destruction and loss of forests. If we don't put an end to deforestation, there is just no way that we can combat the climate issue. Thus, option A is correct.
What mature trees in a forest extend the life of the forest?By cutting down a few trees, you can gain access to timber and other resources, while also fostering diversity in your neighbourhood. Lack of tree removal might cause some animal species to lose their habitats. Many ecosystems can be found in forests, and certain creatures can only survive in young forests.
Carbon dioxide is absorbed and stored by trees. Releases of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases occur when trees are destroyed or even slightly disturbed.
Therefore, cutting down only mature trees in a forest extend the life of the forest, and It maintains forest habitats.
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Distinguish between major classes of biomolecules, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids?
Answer:
Proteins (polymers of amino acids)
Carbohydrates (polymers of sugars)
Lipids (polymers of lipid monomers)
Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA; polymers of nucleotides)
Explanation:
Proteins:
Chemical formula is CHON
−NH2 + −COOH +R group
Monomer is Amino acids.
Examples are enzymes, and some hormones.
Uses are Storage; Signals; Structural; Contractile; Defensive; Enzyme; Transport; Receptors.
Lipids:
Chemical formula is C:H:O
Greater than 2:1 H:O (carboxyl group)
Monomer is fatty acid and glycerol.
Examples are butter, oil, cholesterol, beeswax.
Functions are energy storage; Protection; Chemical messengers; Repel water.
Carbohydrates:
Chemical formula is C:H:O
1:2:1
Monomer is monosaccharides.
Examples are Glucose, Fructose, Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose.
Uses are energy storage; structure.
Nucleic Acids:
Chemical formula is CHONP
(pentose, nitrogenous base, phosphate ).
Monomer is nucleotides.
Examples are DNA, RNA.
Uses are Genetic information
Answer:
Explanation:
Biomolecules are made from single subunits, or building blocks, called monomers.
For protein monomers is Amino acid
−NH2 + −COOH +R group
For lipids monomers is :
C:H:O
Greater than 2:1 H:O (carboxyl group)
Fatty acid and glycerol
For carbohydrates monomers is:
Monosaccharides examples are Glucose, Fructose, Starch, Glycogen
For Nucleic acid:
Monomers is:
pentose, nitrogenous base, phosphate
e.g :Nucleotides DNA, RNA
What happens to the size in each level in the idealized pyramid as energy is transferred through the trophic levels?
Answer:
The size is reduced as 80-95% of the available energy at one trophic level is not transferred to the next
Explanation:
There is loss of energy as it is transferred between trophic levels. The decrease in energy as it moves up the pyramid is due to energy loss as metabolic heat when one organism is consumed by another from the next level as it moves up the trophic levels.
If a person was unable to break down food particles into molecules that could be absorbed by the body, you would predict ________.
a. there is a malfunction with the digestive system
b. there is a malfunction with the excretory system
c. there is a malfunction with the reproductive system
d. there is a malfunction with the circulatory system
Answer:
The correct answer is a. there is a malfunction with the digestive system
Explanation:
The digestive system in the body is responsible for the digestion and absorption of digested food in the body. The initial digestion of food starts from the mouth itself by the action of salivary amylase which partially digests polysaccharides.
Then the food is passed to the stomach where HCL and different enzymes convert food into chyme. The main digestion of food occurs in the small intestine where the macromolecules are digested and broken down in simpler form by hydrolytic enzymes like protease, lipase, etc.
Then these simpler molecules are absorbed in the body through intestine. Therefore the correct answer is a.
Here the prediction should be that there should be a malfunction with respect to the digestive system.
What is the digestive system?
In the body, it should be responsible for the digestion purpose and the food digested in the body. The digestion should be started from the mouth via salivary. After this the food should be transferred to the stomach in which the HCL and the various enzymes should be converted the food into chyme. The simpler molecules should be absorbed via intestine.
Therefore, the correct option is a.
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Chemicals which are released by female insects to attract male insects are called Select one:
a. auxins.
b. DDT.
c. insecticides.
d. pheromones.
Answer:D.
Explanation:
What research method is the best known surrogate for humans in the laboratory? define surrogate.
Answer:
nonhuman animals models
Explanation:
A surrogate is defined as a substitute for another person to play a specific role in any given arrangement.
In the case of laboratory research non- human animal models are often used as surrogates for humans to conduct research.
For conducting research a lot of ethical concerns are raised when conducting experiments on human beings and hence, the scientists had to look for alternatives.
The non-human animals have emerged as great alternatives for the humans to conduct research and thanks to the genome sequences that are now known the list of animal models have increased greatly and we are further sure that there are several similarities that these animal models share with humans and thus, the results obtained by conducting research on them are considered reliable.
Model organisms such as mice, fruit flies, and zebrafish are extensively studied as surrogates in laboratory research to understand human biology and diseases, providing valuable insights while mitigating direct risks to humans. Other alternatives include computational models, in vitro methods, and noninvasive imaging techniques.
Explanation:The best known surrogate for humans in the laboratory, employed in medical research, is the use of model organisms. A surrogate, in this context, refers to a nonhuman species that is extensively studied to understand human biology and disease processes. Model organisms such as mice (Mus musculus), fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster), and zebrafish (Danio rerio) are chosen for their similarity to human biology and their ability to provide insights into human diseases. These organisms are valuable because they allow for the exploration and understanding of disease mechanisms and the testing of therapies without directly exposing humans to potential risks.
Other methods that serve as alternatives to using animals in research include computational simulations, in vitro methods based on human cell and tissue cultures, and noninvasive imaging techniques. Despite the benefits provided by model organisms, there is an ongoing ethical debate about the use of animals in research, prompting a search for more alternatives that can effectively replicate human physiological responses.
Which of the following allows nutrients and other substances to be transported across the cell membrane?a. Carbohydratesb. Proteinc. Fatsd. Glucose
Answer:
b. Proteins
Explanation:
Several transmembrane proteins serve as transport proteins and move charged, polar and large substances such as ions, amino acids, sugars through membranes. These are the carrier proteins and channel proteins. Each type of transport protein transports a specific type of substance. Carrier proteins bind the ion or molecule and undergo changes in shape. This change moves the molecule across the membrane. Channel proteins form pores through the membrane to allow transport of substances.
For example, aquaporins are transmembrane proteins that allow water to pass through membranes.
Which of the following is part of the subjective information gathered in a fitness assessment? A. Body composition B. Pulse C. Physiological measurement D. Occupation
Answer:
Answer is D. Occupation.
Explanation:
Subjective information can be described as the information that is based or depend on one's personal ideas, opinions or emotions. This means that it based or influenced by feelings and judgements.
The development of herbicide resistance in populations of weeds over several generations is an example of___________.
Answer: Evolution
Explanation:
Evolution can be defined as the change in the characteristics of the species over a period of time which basically relies on the process of the natural selection.
The characters that allows the survival of the organism is favored and is known as the survival of fittest which is a natural selection.
This is known as evolution in which the herbicide resistant plant is favored more and has developed over a period of time.
HIPAA protects a category of information known as protected health information (PHI). PHI covered under HIPAA includes what ?
Answer:
The correct answer is "Identifiable health information that is created or held by covered entities and their business associates".
Explanation:
HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996) is a legislation of the United States that gives protection and privacy to the patients medical information. The category of protected health information (PHI) covered under HIPAA includes identifiable health information that is created or held by covered entities and their business associates. This means that the medical data that is protected includes the one that is managed by healthcare providers and their business associates.
One of the main functions of active transport is to supply the cells the oxygen required for metabolism. True False
Answer:
Answer is False.
Explanation:
The movement of molecules or materials through or across the cell membrane, usually from a lower concentration to a higher concentration, which requires the use or consumption of energy, is known as active transport.
The energy required by this process is in form of Adenosine triphosphate, ATP. Example is sodium - potassium pump.
If cells from a carrot are removed and placed in a culture medium, they can develop into a normal adult plant. This demonstrates that carrot cells _____.
Answer:
Carrot cells are 'totipotent'.
Explanation:
Totipotency is the genetic potential of a plant cell which have all the genes or genetic information by which the cell can be developed into the whole plant similar to the original plant.
Cells obtained from a carrot from its stem, root or any other parts and the cells are kept in a culture medium containing mineral nutrients, vi¬tamins and hormones. The cells in a medium allowed to divide.
As a result, the cells in culture will produce an undifferentiated mass of cells called callus. The callus can give rise to normal plant under given certain ma¬nipulations in the culture.
Thus, the cells of the callus are totipotent.
A neuron cell body reaches threshold and depolarizes. The depolarization propagates down the length of the ______, is chemically transmitted across the ______, and directly affects the electrical potential in the ______ of the successive neuron.
Answer:
Axon.
Synapse
Dentrite and cell body.
Explanation:
AXON is the transmission conduit for action potential through saltatory conduction at the nodes of ranvier.
Synapse refers to the gap between adjacent nuerones and the entire components of that particular gap.
Denrites which originated from the cell.body received the transmitted signals from.the axon,and transmits this for response at effectors:muscle and glands.
The chart above compares the daily water use per person to the price of water in selected countries. Which of the following conclusions can be correctly drawn using only the data in the chart?A. Water use and water price are directly proportionalB. Increased water use causes water prices to decline.C. High water use is generally correlated with lower water prices.D. Increased water prices cause water use to decline.E. Water resources are greater in the U.S. than in other countries.
Answer:
A. Water use and water price are directly proportional❌
B. Increased water use causes water prices to decline❌
C. High water use is generally correlated with lower water prices.✔
D. Increased water prices cause water use to decline.❌
E. Water resources are greater in the U.S. than in other countries.❌
Explanation:
Using only the data in the chart, we can come to a conclusion that the reason for the high usage of water is parallel too the lower cost of water
C. High water use is generally correlated with lower water prices.✔
Which of the following will likely result if the concentration of electrolytes outside the cell is higher than in the intracellular environment?
A) The cell will be unaffected.
B) The cell will undergo mitosis and divide.
C) The cell will burst.
D) The cell will shrink and dry up.
Final answer:
In a hypertonic solution, where the concentration of electrolytes is higher outside the cell than inside, cells will tend to shrink and dehydrate as water moves out to equilibrate solute concentrations.
Explanation:
If the concentration of electrolytes outside the cell is higher than inside the intracellular environment, this indicates the environment is hypertonic. In a hypertonic solution, the solute concentration is greater on the outside than the inside, leading to a net flow of water moving out of the cell. As a result, cells in a hypertonic solution tend to shrink and dehydrate due to the loss of water. This phenomenon is a result of osmosis, where water moves across the cell membrane to equilibrate the solute concentration inside and outside the cell. Consequently, the correct response to the student's question is (D) The cell will shrink and dry up.
All of the following fish choices have high levels of the toxin mentioned in the video except for __________.
1. swordfish
2. salmon
3. tilefish, or golden bass
4. shark
Answer:
Option 2, Salmon
Explanation:
Large fishes such as shark and sword fish have higher level of mercury. This fact can be explained by the concept of bio magnification in which an individual lying at a higher trophic level in a food chain gets accumulated toxin and hence possess the highest amount of toxin in a given food chain. Small fish such as salmon will have the lowest amount of mercury as they lie at the lower level of a food chain and hence possess a small amount of toxin
The technique used to teach animals complex tricks, such as teaching pigeons to play ping-pong, is:
Answer:
this technique is a type of behaviour called " learning behaviour" that includes CONDITIONED REFLEX TYPE 1.
Explanation:
learning behaviour is a type which depends on the environmental influence, but the ability to modify the behaviour depends upon the heredity material.
for example:- in conditioned reflex type 1 the pigeons learn to play ping - pong. in this type of behaviour , the ability of learning depends upon the genetic basis of the individual.
The technique used to teach animals complex tricks, such as teaching pigeons to play ping-pong, is operant conditioning. This method involves shaping behaviors through reinforcement and incorporates stimulus discrimination, enabling the training of animals to perform various tasks.
Explanation:The technique used to teach animals complex tricks, such as teaching pigeons to play ping-pong, is known as operant conditioning, or instrumental conditioning. This method was extensively developed and utilized by B.F. Skinner, who was able to train pigeons to engage in various complex behaviors. Operant conditioning relies on the use of reinforcers to gradually shape behavior towards a desired outcome. This process often involves shaping, where successive approximations of a behavior are rewarded until the animal performs the complete behavior. It also incorporates stimulus discrimination, which teaches the animal to respond only to specific stimuli, much like Pavlov's dogs were trained to respond to the sound of a bell.
An example of operant conditioning in action is Skinner's training of pigeons to play ping-pong, among other tasks. These pigeons were trained through trial and error, receiving rewards for behaviors that approximated playing ping-pong, until they could perform the task fully. This type of conditioning highlights how animals can learn complex tasks and even categorize stimuli, providing insights into animal cognition and learning processes.
Severing a cat's reticular formation from higher brain regions causes the cat to:
Answer:
Option D
Explanation:
Please see the attachment
Final answer:
Severing a cat's reticular formation from higher brain regions would cause the cat to fall into a deep coma, as the reticular formation's role in maintaining consciousness is vital.
Explanation:
The reticular formation is a network of neurons located in the brainstem that is crucial for regulating wakefulness and sleep cycles. This part of the brain filters incoming stimuli the spinal cord and relays it to various brain regions, contributing to the processing of sensory information and alertness. It is also involved in various autonomic functions, such as controlling the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. When the reticular formation is severed from the higher brain regions, the result is significant and impactful: the animal, in this case a cat, would fall into a deep coma. This loss of connection prevents the reticular formation from fulfilling its role in maintaining consciousness, thereby causing a state of deep unconsciousness from which the cat cannot be readily awakened.
Which drug can cause chemical burns? 1 Anthralin 2 Prednisone 3 Tazarotene 4 Calcipotriene
Answer:
1. Anthralin
this can cause burning if its started at a high dose
2. Calcipotriene
this can cause burning,
itching,
rash,
irritation,
redness,
dry skin, or
peeling at the application site.
Among the drugs listed, Anthralin can cause chemical burns. It is used for treating psoriasis and can be irritating to the skin if misused. Other drugs, like Prednisone, Tazarotene, and Calcipotriene, are not typically associated with chemical burns.
The drug that can cause chemical burns among those listed is Anthralin. Anthralin, used primarily for the treatment of psoriasis, is known for its ability to induce irritation and chemical burns if not used correctly. Unlike Anthralin, Prednisone is a corticosteroid that can cause side effects such as immunosuppression but is not associated with causing chemical burns. Tazarotene may cause skin irritation but not chemical burns to the extent caused by caustic substances. Calcipotriene is a synthetic vitamin D3 analogue used for the treatment of psoriasis as well, and though it can cause skin irritation, it's not noted for causing chemical burns.
In a person who is color-blind, which of the following would you most expect to see?
a. a loss of their peripheral vision
b. a loss of functions in the rods of their retina
c. an inability to regenerate 11-cis-retinal after bleaching
d. absence of green or red cones in their foveae
Final answer:
Most commonly, color blindness is due to an absence of functional green or red cones in the foveae, leading to difficulty or inability to distinguish green and/or red colors.(Option d)
Explanation:
In a person who is color-blind, you would most expect to see an absence of green or red cones in their foveae. Color blindness, or the inability to detect green and/or red colors, is usually due to a lack of functioning in the red- or green-sensitive cones. The retina contains two types of photoreceptor cells, rods and cones, and it is the malfunction of these cones (specifically green or red cones) that leads to color blindness.
This condition is apparent in the fact that about 1 in 50 people, mostly men, are only able to experience one or two colors instead of the full range.
In general, inversion and translocation heterozygotes are as fertile as organisms whose chromosomes are in the standard arrangement. In general, inversion and translocation heterozygotes are as fertile as organisms whose chromosomes are in the standard arrangement. True False
Answer:
False
Explanation:
The inversion heterozygotes are the organism that have one member with inverted sequence of gene and the other member of inversion heterozygote is normal. The normal organism contain chromosome in standard arrangement and the other organism consist of a inverted segment of gene that do not possess standard arrangement of chromosome.
The exchange of non homologous segment between two chromosome pairs that result in one normal and one translocation heterozygote. The chromosome are associated in quadrivalent manner at parenchyma stage of meiosis.
The standard arrrangement of chromosomes gets changed in inversion and translocation heterozygotes. Thus, the organism with inversion and translocation are not fertile as organisms whose chromosomes are in the standard arrangement.
Land conversion, such as when tropical forests are logged or burned, releases what substance(s) into the air?
Answer:
Carbon dioxide.
Explanation:
When combustion reactions occur, such as those when forests are burned, CO2 is released as a waste product.
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Final answer:
The logging and burning of tropical forests release significant amounts of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, contributing to climate change and global warming.
Explanation:
Land conversion and deforestation, particularly in tropical regions, contribute significantly to the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Most notably, the logging and burning of forests release large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO₂), a key greenhouse gas impacting climate change. Healthy forests play a crucial role in absorbing CO₂ from the atmosphere, but when trees are destroyed, this carbon is released back into the air.
Moreover, deforestation by burning contributes to increased levels of other greenhouse gases, such as methane and nitrous oxide, due to changes in land use and biomass destruction. The human-driven increase in greenhouse gases, from deforestation and fossil fuel burning, exacerbates global warming, disrupting natural cycles and posing threats to ecological balance and biodiversity.
A 2% caloric increase in _____ can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease by 23%.a. trans fatty acidsb. saturated fatty acidsc. cholesterold. triglyceridese. an omega-6 to omega-3 ratio of 10:1
Answer:
Option A, trans fatty acids
Explanation:
Trans fats are the partially hydrogenated oils which are not considered safe for consumption as per the FDA. Since these fats are inexpensive and widely available they are frequently used. Trans fat increases the bad cholesterol of the body and reduces or lowers down the good cholesterol level. Due to this even a small consumption of trans fat put an individual at high risk of heart attack and stroke.
Hence, option A is correct
What in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) brings information to the central nervous system?
Answer: Sensory nerves
Explanation:
The sensory nerve are the nerves that carries the information from the peripheral nervous system to the central nervous system.
These nerves recognizes the stimuli from the various parts of the body and sends it to the central nervous system of the body.
A motor nerve carries the information from the central nervous system to the peripheral nervous system of the body.
Hence, the correct answer is sensory nerve.
Answer:
Sensory Neurons
Explanation:
Sensory neurons are responsible for bringing in information to the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The information from PNS is then sent to the CNS for processing. Neurons constitute the basic unit of sensory system and are responsible for communicating the information between the systems. After the CNS processes the information, it sends the action signals through the motor neurons to the respective organs.
___________ refers to the period of juvenile corrections in which reformers urged the creation of institutions where delinquent, abandoned, abused, and neglected children could live in a healthy environment, learn good work and study habits, and develop character.
1. Juvenile rights
2. Refuge
3. Puritan
4. Crime control
Answer:
2. Refuge
Explanation:
Throughout history, children who have gotten in trouble have faced dire circumstances, difficulty in sustenance and wildtype lifestyles. When parents ran afoul of the law, children lost their protectors and were also left to fend for themselves. In order to curb these dilemma, reformers urged the creation of institutions where delinquent, abandoned, abused, and neglected children could live in a healthy environment, learn good work and study habits, and develop character. (This term given to this concept was named REFUGE).
A group of students are reviewing information about antihistamines. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which agent as a second generation antihistamine?
Answer:
The correct answer is: loratadine (Claritin)
Explanation:
Histamine is the chemicals that are responsible for the allergic reaction in the body. Antihistamine is the drug that blocks the release of histamine by blocking the histamine receptor.
These drugs are divided into H1 and H2 antihistamine according to the type of receptor it blocks. H1 antihistamine is further divided into 1st generation antihistamine which is having a central effect and 2nd generation antihistamine in which the central effect is less and is used as an antiallergic drug.
Loratadine(Claritin) is commonly used as 2nd generation antihistamine drug therefore the student demonstrates an understanding of the information if they identify loratadine (Claritin) as 2nd generation antihistamine.
Red blood cells are placed into a solution of unknown solute concentration. After an hour they have all burst open. The best explanation is that the solution 1. had a very high concentration of solutes. 2. was at equilibrium. 3. had a very high concentration of solvent had no solutes.
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Red blood cells when places in a solution having higher concentration of solutes then the cells bursts.
The red blood cells when kept in the such of a solution bursts because of the hypotonic solution outside the cell.
The cells when kept inside hypotonic solution the solution will move from outside to inside of the cell and the cell will burst.
Final answer:
Red blood cells that burst when placed in an unknown solution indicate that the solution was hypotonic, leading to water influx and hemolysis. This osmotic imbalance is detrimental to cell integrity and is contrasted by isotonic conditions, where cells maintain equilibrium, and hypertonic conditions, where cells crenate.
Explanation:
When red blood cells are placed in a solution with an unknown solute concentration and they burst, it indicates that the solution was likely hypotonic to the cells. A hypotonic solution has a lower concentration of solutes compared to the inside of the red blood cells, leading to an influx of water into the cells due to osmosis. The increased water intake causes the red blood cells to swell and eventually undergo hemolysis, where they burst due to the inability to accommodate the additional volume within a fixed membrane surface area.
In contrast, a hypertonic solution, which has a higher concentration of solutes outside the cells than inside, would cause the cells to lose water and shrink, a process known as crenation. An isotonic solution has equal solute concentrations inside and outside of the cells, leading to no net movement of water and thus the cells remain unaffected. Understanding the effects of osmotic pressure is crucial in preserving the integrity and functionality of red blood cells in medical and laboratory settings.
A nurse is reviewing the structure and function of the neurologic system in preparation for a work placement on a neurologic unit.
What statement most accurately describes an aspect of the autonomic nervous system?
a. Nicotinic receptors are primarily associated with the parasympathetic nervous system
b. Cholinergic receptors are exclusively located in the sympathetic nervous system
c. Alpha- and beta-receptors are the two basic types of muscarinic receptors
d. The autonomic nervous spans the central and peripheral nervous systems
Answer: is d
Explanation:because the nurse is reviewing the structure and function of the neurologic system
With adequate hydration, what is the expected approximate, normal daily urine production of an adult?
Answer:
With sufficient hydration of about 2liters daily, the normal urine volume expected of an adult is between 800-2000 milliliters
Explanation:
The normal range of fluid required by an adult is 2 liters daily. Urine is produced by the kidney and it account for the largest volume of water leaving the body.
The kidneys adjust the volume of urine ejected based on the body's water requirements; if the body is dehydrated, less urine is ejected and if there is sufficient or excessive hydration, more water is excreted as urine.
In the plant kingdom, all of the species are descended from a single common ancestor. In terms of phylogeny, what type of tree of life is this?
Answer:
monophyletic tree
Explanation:
A monophyletic tree is when a group of organisms descended from a single ancestor like in the example given. In the image I added you can observe that there are also paraphyletic (showing the most recent common ancestor, but not all of its descendents like monophyletic trees) and polyphyletic trees (unrelated organisms descended from more than one ancestor).
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