Answer:
The correct answer is C: favoring women over men.
Explanation:
Feminist psychology is centered on gender studies, supported by the values and principles of feminism. This part of psychology examines the role of gender in the individual's life, people's identification in their gender and promotes women's rights. It also examines the contributions of women to psychology and other sciences, along with the practice of science itself when it is male-biased.
However, it does not promote women over men, as feminism fights for social equality and to reduce power differential, as feminists believe interpersonal relations should be based on inequality.
Given the evidence on complementarity and opposites attracting, which pair of individuals are most likely to be attracted to each other?
The correct answer is dominant/submissive
Explanation: In this relationship there is perfect attraction for both, because the other is just what the partner seeks.
Final answer:
Research suggests that 'Birds of a feather flock together' is more accurate than 'opposites attract' regarding attraction and relationship formation, due to the importance of shared similarities in values, backgrounds, and interests for long-term compatibility.
Explanation:
Investigating the dynamics of attraction between individuals, research tends to support the adage 'Birds of a feather flock together' more robustly than the notion that opposites attract. This is because evidence generally indicates that individuals are more likely to be attracted to others who share similarities with themselves. Compatibility factors such as shared values, beliefs, socioeconomic status, and cultural backgrounds often lay the groundwork for the formation of long-term relationships.
Homogamy, which is the tendency for people to form connections with others who are similar to them, plays a significant role in how individuals partner up with one another. While initial physical attraction may bring together seemingly dissimilar individuals, lasting relationships often require more profound levels of similarity.
Therefore, a pair consisting of individuals with similar values, backgrounds, and interests is more likely to experience mutual attraction and maintain a successful long-term relationship compared to a pair with pronounced differences.
Which of the following is usually associated with creativity?answer choicessyntaxconvergent thinkingmodelingdivergent thinking
Answer:
Divergent thinking
Explanation:
Divergent thinking is related to explore different ideas in a different direction. Divergent thinking is the way through which a person gets different directions to explore their ideas, thinking, and creativity.
Convergent thinking is opposite to divergent thinking. In convergent thinking, it focuses only on a single solution but on the other hand, divergent thinking provides many solutions for one problem. So that divergent thinking explores the creativity in a person. Divergent thinking works on the principle of developing thinking in a different direction.
Step 6: Types of Sources Think about the many types of information sources you learned about in the Information Identifier workshop that you might use to find evidence for your thesis. Match the type of information source below to its description. Group of answer choices Articles on news sites and blogs, and books and magazines that are written for a general audience____________. Articles and original research studies in peer-reviewed journals and books, written for an academic audience______________-. Articles in magazines and newsletters that are written for workers in a specific industry____________-.
Answer:
Popular Magazines
Scholarly articles
Trade publications
Explanation:
Articles on news sites and blogs, and books and magazines that are written for a general audience Popular Magazines.
Articles and original research studies in peer-reviewed journals and books, written for an academic audience Scholarly articles.
Articles in magazines and newsletters that are written for workers in a specific industry Trade publications.
For the purpose of checks and balances as well as to promote adequate deliberation and responsiveness in Congress, the U.S. Constitution grants somewhat different powers to its two chambers. For example, all appropriations bills must begin in the _____, while Presidential appointments to the Supreme Court and diplomatic posts must be approved by the _____.
Answer:
The correct answer is:
House of Representatives
Senate
Explanation:
For the purpose of checks and balances as well as to promote adequate deliberation and responsiveness in Congress, the U.S. Constitution grants somewhat different powers to its two chambers. For example, all appropriations bills must begin in the House of Representatives , while Presidential appointments to the Supreme Court and diplomatic posts must be approved by the Senate.
The House of Representatives constitutes the lower house of the United States of America, while the Senate constitutes the upper house of the country. The national legislature of the country is constituted by these two Houses.
1. In contrast to what many older generations believe about texting, discuss McWhorter’s views on the subject. What does he think and why?
John McWhorter is an American linguist, born 1965. Through his academic work he mostly focuses on Creole language forms and it's relationship with other languageges.
He calls texting a "fingered speech". It has its own distinct rules and structure. For him texting presents a linguistic miracle which is inventing its own grammar. This opinion is contrary to the opinion of texting as a degradation of a modern written language. For him, texting much more resembles spoken language. And far from being ruined, language and texting is a work is developing and progressing all the time, but now at a faster pace.
Answer:
McWhorter’s view on texting is that it is an amazing thing, showing the evolution of our language.
The concept of _____ refers to how a parent may act differently toward a child when another person is present.A. Communal ResponseB. Reactive EffectsC. Second-order effectsD. Social Caregiving
Answer:
The answer is B): Reactive Effects.
Explanation:
Reactive effects are effects that occur from people because they are aware that they are being watched, observed or monitored: as a result of being watched, people alter their behavior or act differently from their usual selves by changing positively or negatively, depending on their interest and the situation at hand.
Fill in the blansk:
1. ________ perceives self having mechanical skills and lacking social skills .
2. _________perceives self as critical, analytical, curious, and methodical.
3. _________perceives self as imaginative, expressive, and independent.
4. _________Sees self as cooperative, insightful, friendly, and persuasive.
5. ________perceives self as extraverted, happy, assertive, popular, and self-confident.
6. _______perceives self as a conformist and having clerical and numerical skills.
Answer:
1.Realistic
2.Investigative
3.Artistic
4.Social
5.Enterprising
6.Conventional
Explanation:
John Lewis Holland who was the author and creator of the theory about the vocational and career choice types which are based on the personality types. It was called Holland’s codes. The personality types are: realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising and conventional persons. Using these categories, the peoples work environment and choices have been investigated well. The main point of that theory was that the people in the same category of the personality types might work together much better that with mixed types of personalities. Following this situation, the searching of the work environment will also influence to the self-personality of the people. That is why we could determine the answer like this:
Realistic personality perceives self-having mechanical skills and lacking social skills .
Investigative personality perceives self as critical, analytical, curious, and methodical.
Artistic personality perceives self as imaginative, expressive, and independent.
Social personality sees self as cooperative, insightful, friendly, and persuasive.
Enterprising personality perceives self as extroverted, happy, assertive, popular, and self-confident.
Conventional personality perceives self as a conformist and having clerical and numerical skills.
A potential drawback of individualized instruction is that a teacher can get so busy with recordkeeping and monitoring students that little interactive instruction occurs.
a. True
b. False
Answer:
A potential drawback of individualized instruction is that a teacher can get so busy with recordkeeping and monitoring students that little interactive instruction occurs is a TRUE statement.
Explanation:
It is often a tedious task for a single teacher to provide individualized instructions to each and evert student in the class as giving such instructions consumes a great deal of time.To cope with such problems, the teachers prefer making the students self-reliant and self-dependent on most fronts in the school.Hence, the teachers prefer giving shortest implementable instructions to the students.The statement is True. A potential drawback of individualized instruction is that the teacher can get so busy with recordkeeping and monitoring students that little interactive instruction occurs.
Explanation:The statement is True. A potential drawback of individualized instruction is that the teacher can get so busy with recordkeeping and monitoring students that little interactive instruction occurs. When teachers have to spend a significant amount of time on administrative tasks, they may have less time available for direct interaction and engagement with students. This can limit the amount of interactive instruction and negatively impact the learning experience for students.
The Bobo doll experiment provides support for the belief that __________.
Select one:
a. violent online video games do not impact the behavior of children and adolescents
b. violent online video games do impact the behavior of children and adolescents
c. children and adolescents can distinguish between violence in the video games and violence in real life
d. children and adolescents have no inherent interest in violence
Answer:
b
Explanation:
the study says that children learn social behavior such as aggression through the process of observation learning
The Bobo doll experiment supports the belief that children and adolescents imitate behaviors they observe in others. Violent behavior observed, such as in violent video games, can thus potentially impact their behavior. Consequently, option 'b' is the accurate fill for the sentence.
Explanation:The Bobo doll experiment, conducted by psychologist Albert Bandura, provides strong support for the belief that children and adolescents learn and imitate behaviors they observe in others, namely adults. In this experiment, children saw adults act aggressively towards a Bobo doll (an inflatable, 5-foot-tall doll). These children were then observed to be far more likely to act aggressively towards the doll themselves, compared to children who did not witness an adult model's aggressive behavior. This suggests a link between observed violence and behavior, which could potentially extend to violent video games. Therefore, the appropriate option to complete your sentence would be b. violent online video games do impact the behavior of children and adolescents.
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What is the type of research method that focuses on the relationship between physiological processes and behavior?
Answer: The research method is known as psychophysiological.
Explanation: Psychophysiology is a branch of physiology that deals with the interaction between the mind(psyche) and physiological processes (body).
This study research how the mind and body respond in relation their activities.
An example of this is the fact when an individual is stressed(body) thinking (mind) can make the stress significantly worse.
Or overthinking (mind) can cause an individual to have high blood pressure (body). The relationship between these interactions is termed Psychophysiology.
Kirk's friend Luke said that they had seen star trek and kind of liked the show. Kirk invited Luke to go along with him to a star trek convention. After hanging out with tons of star trek fans at the convention Luke exclaimed that he now loved star trek and was going to join a local star trek club. This is likely due to:
a. social loafing
b. social idleness
c. group polarization
d. cognitive dissonance
Answer:
c. group polarization
Explanation:
Group polarization: In social psychology, the term group polarization is defined as the propensity for a particular group to make extreme decisions as compared to the initial inclination of the members of the given group.
Group Polarization occurs when a group of people talks about some specific ideas and after that, the rest of the people present over their possesses stronger views than before.
In the question above, the statement signifies the group polarization
Luke's increased interest in Star Trek after attending a convention with lots of fans is best explained by group polarization, which is the tendency for group interactions to lead to more extreme decisions or views.
Explanation:In the scenario described where Luke, after attending a Star Trek convention with Kirk, significantly strengthens his liking for Star Trek, we see the psychological phenomenon known as group polarization. Group polarization refers to the tendency for a group to make decisions that are more extreme than the initial inclination of its members. These intensified decisions could be to either direction: more risky or more cautious. In this case, Luke's initial mild interest in Star Trek escalated into a passion after being around other Star Trek fans who likely expressed strong positive opinions about the show during the convention. As a result, his like for the show turned into love.
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Ben set up an elaborate scheme to mine gold in the Rockies. He had a large town meeting and made a presentation of his stock. The shares were only $5 each, and everyone could afford them. He showed pictures of the mine and explained how the company expected to gross $100 million each month. As it turns out, he was a terrific con artist who had made several "successful" proposals such as this in towns across America in the last couple of years. He would be MOST likely to meet criteria of ________.
Answer:
antisocial personality disorder.
Explanation:
Antisocial personality disorder may be defined as a mental condition where a person have a long term pattern of exploiting or manipulating and violating the rights of other people without any regret for committing the fraud. This behavior of persons may cause serious problems in the relationships or at work and is often termed as a con or criminal.
In the context, Ben is making a false statement to the people of extracting gold from mines in the Rockies and thus showing that he is expecting a revenue of 100 million dollar each month. For this, he is asking the people to buy the stocks which cost $5 each. Ben is con artist and is a fooling the people and is trying to make money by fraud.
Thus Ben meets the criteria of antisocial personality disorder.
Final answer:
Ben would be MOST likely to meet criteria of a con artist or fraudster, akin to operating Ponzi schemes, and the town situation resembles a company town where workers are economically exploited by the dominant company.
Explanation:
Ben would be MOST likely to meet criteria of a con artist or fraudster, engaging in deceptive practices to persuade people to invest in non-existent opportunities. In the late 19th century and beyond, as mining required more capital, individuals like Ben exploited the allure of gold and the hopes of quick wealth to deceive investors. While historical figures like Jay Gould engaged in unethical business practices and were labeled as robber barons, Ben's actions suggest he was operating Ponzi schemes, targeting towns across America with fraudulent investment opportunities in mining operations, similar to the speculative activities that were rampant during the prosperous 1920s.
The town described, where a mining company dominates the economic life to the detriment of the workers, most closely resembles company towns, a form of economic exploitation where companies exert control over workers, constraining their freedom and exploiting them financially.
If the government pays 25 for the troubled assets, what will be the value of the bank’s capital? How much would the government have to pay for the troubled assets to ensure that the bank’s capital does not have a negative value? If the government pays 45 for the for the troubled assets, but the true value turns out to be much lower, who bears the cost of this mistaken valuation? Explain!
Answer:
The Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) was design by the government in order to purchase assets with low value that do not have functionality for the market anymore.
Explanation:
The Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) was design by the government in order to purchase assets with low value that do not have functionality for the market anymore. The program was designed to help overcome the recovery of the economic crisis that occurred between 2007 and 2010, in which previously the prices of real estate had dropped significantly. Reason why, investments in householding were reduced and subsequently also in business.
The purpose of the program also included the selling of these assets later on, to be able to recover all the investments during the economic recession. At the end of the program in 2014, there were some profits of $15.3 billion. The government initially made an investment of $426.4 billion and at the end of the program they were able to register $441.7 billion.
2. Provide real-world examples for the following types of intelligences as theorized by Gardner: verbal/linguistic, body-kinesthetic (movement), and logical/mathematical. Explain why each example represents one of the types of intelligence. Present some of the arguments critics have offered against Gardner's research.
Final answer:
Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences identifies verbal/linguistic, body-kinesthetic, and logical/mathematical intelligences. Critics argue that the theory lacks empirical evidence and that general intelligence is a better predictor of cognitive ability.
Explanation:
According to Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, there are several types of intelligences. Verbal/linguistic intelligence is the ability to use language effectively. An example of this intelligence is a person who excels in writing or public speaking. Body-kinesthetic intelligence refers to the ability to use one's body skillfully. An example can be a dancer or an athlete. Logical/mathematical intelligence is the ability to reason and solve problems using logic and numbers. A person who is adept at solving complex math problems or enjoys coding can be considered to possess this intelligence.
Critics of Gardner's theory argue that it lacks empirical evidence and there is no scientific consensus on the validity of multiple intelligences. They argue that intelligence cannot be neatly categorized into specific types, and that general intelligence (g factor) is a better predictor of overall cognitive ability. However, supporters of Gardner's theory believe that it offers a more inclusive and diverse perspective on human abilities.
Depression with onset in ______ is most similar to adult forms of the disorder.
Answer:
Depression with onset in preadolescence
Explanation:
Depression with onset in preadolescence is commonly called a teenage depression. If we see medically the adolescence is not different from adult depression. Only the symptoms can be different in both ages just because of their environmental changes. The symptoms could be included as
Peer pressure The sports The bodily changes because of hormones The development of the bodyIn this category of depression, the adolescent will suffer from severe anxiety, stress, and depression that disturb their daily routine life such as work-life, school life, family life, life with friends, etc.
You observe an elderly man that is looking confused and overwhelmed. You want to provide support to him. Which of the following ways would NOT be best to make initial contact with him? Select one: a. Speak calmly b. Give a hug to comfort him c. Use language that is easy to understand d. Give the man your full attention e. Refrain from looking around or being distracted
Answer:
i would say :B
Explanation:
u don't know this person, u don't know if there trust worthy, and u might make things worse since he doesn't know u.
Children who are temperamentally ""difficult"" are MOST likely to thrive with _____ parents.
Answer:
with __unusually sensitive__ parents.
Explanation:
Every child has a different personality or temperament, a “difficult” one needs parents that can communicate with them, and also be sensitive enough to decide what parenting style to follow (authoritative, authoritarian or permissive) and even mix some of them to help the child providing both discipline and love.
Final answer:
Temperamentally difficult children are likely to thrive with patient, consistent, and adaptive parents who can meet their unique emotional and behavioral needs.
Explanation:
Children who are temperamentally "difficult" often display negative emotions, struggle with adapting to change, and find it hard to regulate their emotions. These children are more likely to thrive with parents who are patient, consistent, and adaptive to their needs. Research suggests that such children require more sensitive parenting and are more affected by their parents' behaviors than children who are temperamentally easygoing. For these children to thrive, they need an environment that is structured yet flexible, with parents who can provide firm guidance while also responding to their specific emotional and behavioral challenges.
Eleven-year-old Evan was asked by his math teacher, "If Adam is older than Bill and Bill is older than Cathy, who is the oldest?" This question was too abstract for Evan, and he was unable to answer. This shows that Evan is in which stage of development?
Answer: This shows that Evan is in the concrete operational stage of development.
Explanation: in the Piaget's theory of development, the concrete operational stage is the stage when a child is within the age of 7 - 11 in which they develop logical thinking.
The question asked by the maths teacher requires logical reasoning to answer and typically, children in the concrete operational stage have not developed fully logical reasoning.
According to John Bowlby, the beginning of the social smile occurs during the earliest _____ phase.
Answer:
[...] during the earliest attachment phase.
Explanation:
John Bowlby's theory is divided into several stages of attachment.
Answer:
attatchment in the making
Explanation:
Opal is a retired school teacher who spends most of her time as a volunteer. She itemizes deductions and brought in a list of her charitable contributions. Which of her contributions is NOT deductible?
The following contributions made by Opal is not deductible:
Tuition she paid as a scholarship for her hairdresser's child to attend band camp.Cash given to her local Girl Scouts group collected to support the local children's science museum.Explanation:
Their are terms of deductions which allow people to itemize deductions, which are as follows:
In order to claim this itemized deduction one must donate to a qualified charity. If someone give someone else or anything else, it doesn't count for one's magnanimity. If one donate to a qualified organization property other than cash, one can generally deduct the property's fair market value.The charity to which one give must be categorized as 501(c)(3) tax-exempt organization or fall within Internal Revenue Code Section 170(c).At your first day of work the manager introduces your coworkers, one at a time. As you meet each person, you repeat all the names, starting at the beginning. By the time you meet the last person, you can better recall the names at the beginning and the last names you heard. What will best explains your experience?
Answer:
Serial-position effect
Explanation:
In psychology, the serial-position effect refers to the tendency of a person to recall the first and last items of a list best and to tend to forget the ones in the middle.
In this example, your manager introduces you to your coworkers by name. By the end you can better recall the names at the beginning and the last names you heard. In other words, you can recall the first and the last and you forgot the names of the members that were introduced to you in the middle. Therefore, the serial-position effect is what best explains this experience.
To find out if a child has high self-esteem, what question would one ask?
One of the most common ways to diagnose whether a child has a low or high self-steem is by administering the Rosenberg self-esteem scale. This is a psychometric test that measures the self-esteem of children.
In this test, children are asked to agree or disagree with a series of questions, such as:
I feel that I am a person of worth, at least on an equal plane with others.
I feel that I have a number of good qualities.
I take a positive attitude toward myself.
On the whole, I am satisfied with myself.
At times I think I am no good at all.
The results of this test show whether children have a positive attitude towards themselves and towards others, which would suggest whether they have a high or a low self-esteem.
________ is it possible to tell how long ago someone smoked marijuana
Answer:
How
Explanation:
It will show in the voice and lips. it will also show in the eyes ball.
The news media sometimes report on psychological disorders accurately. Other times the media may report about psychological disorders in ways that may underemphasize biological influences or reinforce cultural myths.
Locate a media report on a psychological disorder and evaluate the quality of the media coverage. In your answer, compare and contrast the article’s description of the disorder with psychology’s official definition, on areas such as symptoms, duration or course. Then, describe
to what extent the reporter underemphasized biological influences or reinforced cultural myths.
In serial killer cases the media usually portrays them as psychopaths, but this is not correct, not every serial killer is psychopathic, there is a high possibility that a serial killer has no trace of psychopathy, but most people believe that psychopaths kill when this is not necessarily correct.
Although the collective imagination always turns to delinquency and evil when it comes to psychopathy, this personality disorder is more complex than such an association might suggest.
It is a " Personality disorder characterized by a disregard of social obligations, lack of empathy towards others. There is a considerable deviation between behavior and established social norms. Behavior is not easily changed by adverse experiences, including punishments."
Signs of psychopathy can already be observed in childhood, but are classified up to 18 years as Conduct Disorder.
Claire is the owner and chef at Vanilla and Sugar, a cafe that also offers a range of baked products. Claire employs two people who help her with various tasks at the cafe. At Vanilla and Sugar, tasks tend to be distributed among the two employees in an informal manner rather than each person developing a narrow area of specialization. Vanilla and Sugar is most likely to have a _____ structure
The correct answer is functional
Explanation: Its functional groups include aldehyde, hydroxyl, and ether. It is the primary component of the extract of the vanilla bean.
Some bargles are chongos and some chongos are munhatsens. Are some bargles definitely munhatsens?
a) Yes
b) No
Answer:
No, some bargles are not definitely munhatsens.
Explanation:
The relation that is stated in the narration can be said to be an indefinite relation. It is stated that some bargles are chongos but there is no detailing about exactly which bargles are chongos.Similarly, it is stated that some chongos are munhatsens, but no information has been given about exactly which chongos are munhatsens.Hence, a definite claim of some bargles being munhatsens cannot be made because it is not clear whether the chongos that are bargles are itself munhatsens.Final answer:
While there is an overlap between bargles and chongos, and between chongos and munhatsens, we cannot definitively say there is an overlap between bargles and munhatsens. Hence, some bargles are not definitely munhatsens.
Explanation:
The question presents a logical reasoning scenario involving set relationships among bargles, chongos, and munhatsens. Since some bargles are chongos and some chongos are munhatsens, there is an overlap between bargles and chongos, and between chongos and munhatsens. However, this information does not guarantee that there is an overlap between bargles and munhatsens. Without explicit evidence of direct overlap between bargles and munhatsens, we cannot conclusively state that some bargles are definitely munhatsens. Therefore, the answer must be "b) No."
Bernice, a teenager, can remember her first day of kindergarten, but cannot seem to remember anything in her life that occurred before that. Bernice is likely experiencing
A) retrograde amnesia.
B) childhood repression.
C) infantile amnesia
D) an inability to reconstruct repressed memories.
E) anterograde amnesia.
The correct answer is C. Infantile amnesia
Explanation:
Amnesia refers to the inability of remembering information including facts and past experiences. In most cases, amnesia is the result of brain damage; this includes retrograde and anterograde amnesia. In the case of infantile amnesia that refers to the inability of most people to remember events before they were 4 years old, this does not involve brain damage but is related to time and changes in language, encoding, and retrieval of memories.
Bernice is likely experiencing infantile amnesia because she cannot remember anything before her first day of kindergarten which might have occurred when she was around 4 years old. Also, there is no evidence Bernice suffered brain damage or trauma that would cause a different type of amnesia.
According to public choice theory, the main reason for some politicians' ability to build support for policies that generate more costs than benefits is thatA) the government always misleads the public with biased information.B) the public is always ignorant about the costs and benefits of any policy.C) the political process has flaws so that the public is always misinformed.D) rational ignorance is higher in the situation of concentrated benefits and diffuse costs.
Answer:
D) rational ignorance is higher in the situation of concentrated benefits and diffuse costs.
Explanation:
When public policies have clear benefits is easier for the politician to promote their implementation regardless of the related costs. Usually, the costs are difficult to grasp by the public because they are diffuse: affect in different level a wide variety of stakeholders; the cost is materialized in the long-term; the cost is exogenous to public preferences (environmental consequences in a population not worried about environmental issues)
Answer: B
Explanation: B) the public is always ignorant about the costs and benefits of any policy. The public hardly research on some of the Costs and benefits of a scheme and net it off. They barely have that time. They are carried away by the fishy manifestos and the sugar coated tongue of the politicians.
Michael and Andrew are siblings who grew up in the same home environment, played together on the same little-league baseball team, and went to the same school. During early adolescence, their parents divorced and both boys went to live with their mother. The fact that Michael and Andrew have similar personalities is MOST likely due to:
Answer:
Genetics
Explanation:
In humans most of the personality traits are characterized by genetics which are inherited by their parents. Off springs tend to behave or have the same personality or characters as those of their parents.
Other factors which influenced the behaviors or characteristics of a person is the environment where they grow.
In the context, Andrew and Michael grow up in the same environment and had the same experience in their adolescence. Both the siblings have the same personalities because they have inherited them from their parents. According to study, personality traits are less affected by the shared environment.
Hence the answer is --- Genetics.
Final answer:
The similar personalities of Michael and Andrew are likely due to their shared home environment, common experiences, and the influence of their parents. Genetics and proximity to parents can also play a role in shaping a child's temperament and behavior. Siblings can have an impact on each other's socialization and behavior as well.
Explanation:
The fact that Michael and Andrew have similar personalities is MOST likely due to their shared home environment, common experiences, and the influence of their parents. According to the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart, identical twins, whether raised together or apart, have similar personalities, indicating a genetic component to temperament and behavior. Additionally, the proximity to parents, especially after their parents' divorce, can impact a child's well-being and adjustment. Siblings also play a role in socialization, sometimes taking on parental responsibilities and shaping each other's behavior.
In a hypothetical psychology internship, you have encountered a child with destructive tendencies. She bites herself, her dog, and your bag of supplies. Being afraid for her safety and your own well-being, you institute a plan to change her behavior. Suggest a punishment, with her possible reactions to that punishment. Then, try substituting an alternative behavior by reinforcing an incompatible response. Label the antecedent stimulus for the biting response, Punishment I or II, escape or avoidance, and the reinforcement for the new named response. What do you consider to be the best theory or method for improving this child’s behavior?
Answer:
Explanation:
PUNISHMENT.
I would put pepper on the skin of the dog and ask her 2 come play with the puppy know full well that she would attempt to bite the dog. When she bites it, her mouth would start hurting her. Then she would shriek and cry.
I could also have her bite through an ice cube, shredding a sheet, snapping a rubber band, sucking a lemon peel and pounding a pillow.” these is a digression from the detrimental attacks on her self and others.
The best method of improving the child's behaviors is getting her occupied with some other things as mentioned in the previous paragraph so as to get her distracted.
To address a child's destructive biting, a mild negative punishment like a time-out could be used, but reinforcing an incompatible behavior with a chewable toy (positive reinforcement) is more effective long-term. Reinforcement over punishment helps in internalizing positive behaviors rather than merely avoiding negative consequences.
In addressing the behavior of a child with destructive tendencies, it's important to choose an intervention that balances between reinforcement and punishment effectively. Initially, as a punishment, one may consider a time-out (negative punishment) whenever the child bites, removing them from a situation where they could receive attention (the antecedent stimulus). This could lead to either the child avoiding the behavior to prevent the punishment (avoidance) or ceasing the behavior only during the time-out (escape). It is essential, however, to acknowledge that punishment might not lead to long-term attitudinal change, and could foster fear or aggression.
As an alternative, reinforcing an incompatible behavior is often preferred. If the antecedent stimulus for biting is a need for sensory input or attention, offering a chewable toy (positive reinforcement) whenever the child feels the urge to bite would redirect the behavior toward something more appropriate. This also serves as an escape from the undesired stimulus by providing a proper outlet. Over time, this positive reinforcement will hopefully increase the incompatible behavior and decrease the biting.
Considering mainstream psychological views and the principles of operant conditioning, reinforcement over punishment is often more effective for long-term behavior modification. The best approach might include a mix of mild negative punishment, like a brief time-out, coupled with strong positive reinforcement for alternative behaviors, ensuring the child internalizes preferred actions rather than just avoiding punishment.