Which stage in the free radical substitution of methane by chlorine will have the lowest activation
energy?
A CH3• + Cl 2 → CH3Cl + Cl •
B Cl • + Cl • → Cl 2
C Cl • + CH4 → CH3• + HCl
D Cl 2 → Cl • + Cl •

Now we will calculate the number of atoms on both sides of reagent and product side of the equation.
C4H10+O2→CO2+H2O
C=ll4 atoms on left; l1 atom on right
H=l10 atoms on left; 2 atoms on right
O=lll2 atoms on left; 3 atoms on right

Put 1 in front of C4H10

Now that you've done that you can start to balance the carbon atoms, placing number 4 before CO2.
1C4H10+O2→4CO2+H2O
lC=l4 atoms on left; m4 atoms on right
lH=10 atoms on left; ll2 atoms on right
lO=l2 atoms on left; lll9 atoms on right

Balance H atoms by placing a 5 in front of H2O.
1C4H10+O2→4CO2+5H2O
lC=l4 atoms on left; m4 atoms on right
lH=10 atoms on left; l10 atoms on right
lO=l2 atoms on left; ll13 atoms on right

Now you need to balance the O atoms by putting 6.5 before O2.
1C4H10+6.5O2→4CO2+5H2O
lC=l4 atoms on left; 4 atoms on right
lH = 10 atoms on left; 10 atoms on right
lO =l13 atoms on left; 13 atoms on right

To get rid of the fractions, multiply all coefficients by 2.
2C4H10+13O2→8CO2+10H2O
lC=8 atoms on left; ll8 atoms on right
H=20 atoms on left; 20 atoms on right
O=26 atoms on left; 26 atoms on right

The complete balanced equation for the following reaction C4H10 + O2 yields CO2 + H2O is....

2C4H10+13O2→8CO2+10H2O

Good luck~ Sans

Answer : The balanced chemical reaction will be,

[tex]2C_4H_{10}+13O_2\rightarrow 8CO_2+10H_2O[/tex]

Explanation :

Balanced chemical reaction : It is defined as the reaction in which the number of atoms of individual elements present on reactant side must be equal to the product side.

If the amount of atoms of each type on the left and right sides of a reaction differs then to balance the equation by adding coefficient in the front of the elements or molecule or compound in the chemical equation.

The coefficient tell us about that how many molecules or atoms present in the chemical equation.

The given chemical reaction is,

[tex]C_4H_{10}+O_2\rightarrow CO_2+H_2O[/tex]

This reaction is an unbalanced chemical reaction because in this reaction number of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms are not balanced.

In order to balance the chemical equation, the coefficient '2' is put before the [tex]C_4H_{10}[/tex], coefficient '13' is put before the [tex]O_2[/tex], coefficient '8' is put before the [tex]CO_2[/tex] and coefficient '10' is put before the [tex]H_2O[/tex] and we get the balanced chemical equation.

The balanced chemical reaction will be,

[tex]2C_4H_{10}+13O_2\rightarrow 8CO_2+10H_2O[/tex]

Answer:

Nonmetals do not conduct electricity.

Explanation:

Most non metals do not conduct electricity because the majority of non metals do not have delocalised electrons, which is normally the case in metals and graphite or mobile ions, which is normally the case in soluble ionic substances, that can carry a charge around a circuit.

Nonmetals have the characteristic of not conducting electricity and are often not malleable. They are also generally not shiny and hard.

A characteristic of nonmetals is that they do not conduct electricity. Unlike metals, which are generally good conductors of electricity, nonmetals have high resistance to the flow of electric current.

Nonmetals are often not malleable, meaning they cannot be easily flattened or bent without breaking. Unlike metals, nonmetals tend to be brittle and breakable.

Nonmetals are generally not shiny and hard. Many nonmetals have dull surfaces and are softer than metals. For example, carbon in the form of graphite is a nonmetal that is soft and dull.

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The oxidation number of Nitrogen in HNO2 is +3. This is determined using the fact that oxygen has an oxidation number of -2, and hydrogen has an oxidation number of +1 in the compound.

The oxidation number of Nitrogen in HNO2 (nitrous acid) is +3. When determining oxidation states, we use the rule that oxygen normally has an oxidation number of -2. Since there are two oxygen atoms in nitrous acid, their combined oxidation number is -4. Knowing hydrogen has an oxidation number of +1, we can set up an equation to find the oxidation state of nitrogen (N) in HNO2. Let x represent the oxidation number of nitrogen:

H (+1) + N (x) + 2 O (-2 each) = 0 (since the compound is neutral)

1 + x - 4 = 0

x - 3 = 0

x = +3

Therefore, the oxidation number of nitrogen in HNO2 is +3, which corresponds to one of the given options.

Answer:

surface tension

Explanation:

Explanation:

Sodium has atomic number of 11 with electronic configuration of :

[tex][Na]=1s^22s^22p63s^1[/tex]

Sodium loose it single electron to attain stability of noble gas configuration. While this process electron gets removed from the outer shell of the sodium atom and it gains positive charge of +1.

[tex][Na^+]=1s^22s^22p63s^0[/tex]

[tex]Na\rightarrow Na^++e^-[/tex] (Ionization)

Answer:

The correct answer is “Iron(II) sulfide.”

Explanation:

It is pretty obvious there is presented an iconic compound made by iron written as Fe and a sulfur, S that is a nonmental instead. A metal as iron will form a cation and a nonmetal an anion. The sulfur will need 2 electrons from iron in order to complete its octet and in this way the iron equilibrates the sulfur. It can give it 2, so that is why we write it in Roman numbers, and form the formula above.  

Answer : Option C) Enthalpy is a state function because its change depends only on initial and final conditions.

Explanation : Enthalpy can be defined as a thermodynamic quantity which is equivalent to the total heat content of a system. It is equal to the internal energy of the system(U) plus the product of pressure and volume (PV).

E = U + PV ;

It is a state function as it only depends on the initial and final conditions, and not on the path taken to reach these reaction conditions.

Therefore, the integral of state functions can be taken using only two values: the final and initial values.

Final answer:

Tert-butyl iodide reacts faster than tert-butyl chloride in SN1 hydrolysis due to iodide being a better leaving group.

Explanation:

Among the given options, tert-butyl iodide would undergo SN1 hydrolysis faster than tert-butyl chloride. This is because the rate-determining step of an SN1 reaction is the formation of a carbocation. Tert-butyl iodide and tert-butyl chloride both form the same stable tert-butyl carbocation when the leaving group departs. However, iodide is a better leaving group than chloride due to its larger size and weaker bond strength, which facilitates the formation of the carbocation.

Research indicates that schizophrenia is associated with an abundance of dopamine receptors, but glutamate and serotonin neurotransmitters are also involved, with implications for both symptom manifestation and treatment.

While researchers have discovered that there are an excessive number of receptor sites for dopamine, it is indeed not the only neurotransmitter involved in schizophrenia. The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia proposes that an overabundance of dopamine or dopamine receptors is responsible for the onset and maintenance of the disorder. However, this view has evolved, and now it is understood that glutamate also plays a significant role, particularly in the non-competitive antagonism at NMDA receptors, which causes behavioral changes resembling schizophrenia in all three symptom domains - positive, negative, and cognitive. Additionally, serotonin levels may contribute to the disorder, with serotonergic drugs affecting symptomology and second-generation antipsychotics acting as 5HT-2 receptor antagonists. The complexity of neurotransmitter involvement indicates a more nuanced understanding of the etiology of schizophrenia, with the possibility that observed neurotransmitter differences could be a result of the disease, its treatment, or potentially causal to it.

Answer: -

A. An uncontrolled nuclear chain reaction is most likely to multiply exponentially.

Explanation: -

An nuclear chain reaction produces neutrons. These neutrons then can start new nuclear fissions. In a controlled nuclear fission, the number of neutrons allowed to start new fission is controlled.

In an uncontrolled reaction, the neutrons start fission very fast. These also start new nuclear fission, releasing more neutrons.

Thus. An uncontrolled nuclear chain reaction is most likely to multiply exponentially.

Answer:A

Explanation:

The final temperature of the calorimeter is 85.71 degree C.

Heat of the reaction is -1235 kJ/mol

Heat discharged at the time of reaction is 1235 kJ/mol

The moles of ethanol are calculated by using the formula mass of ethanol / molar mass of ethanol

= 12.8 g / 46 g/mol = 0.278 moles

Thus, the no. of moles of ethanol is 0.278 moles

The heat released when ethanol is combusted is:

0.278 moles × 1235 kJ/mol = 343 kJ

The final temperature is determined as,

343 kJ = (heat capacity) (temperature difference)

343 kJ = 5.65 (T - 25)

T-25 = 343 / 5.65

T-25 = 60.71

T = 85.71 degree C

Thus, the final temperature is 85.71 degree C.

The final temperature of the system is 85.8°C.

We have the following information from the question;

Mass of ethanol = 12.8 g

Molar mass of ethanol= 46.07 g/mol

Heat of reaction= -1235 KJ/mol

Number of moles = 12.8 g/46.07 g/mol = 0.278 moles

Heat absorbed by calorimeter = number of moles × Heat of reaction =

0.278 moles × -1235 KJ/mol = -343.33 KJ

Given that;

Energy absorbed by the calorimeter = heat capacity × temperature rise

343.33 =  5.65 × (T2 - 25)

343.33 = 5.65T2 - 141.25

343.33 + 141.25 = 5.65T2

T2 = 343.33 + 141.25/5.65

T2 = 85.8°C

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Answer:

It is a obsessive eating disorder. Where one eats over the average amount and then makes themselves vomit. This is called purging. It is one of 3 main eating disorders. It is a very complex and misunderstood disease. One typically confuses it with binge eating or anorexia.

Answer: The correct option is b.

Explanation: Chemical reaction is a reaction i which the chemical composition of the reactants gets changed and new substances having different chemical composition is formed. This reaction cannot be reversed by any physical means.

Indicators showing chemical changes are :

From the given information above, it can be stated that the correct option is b.

Final answer:

The incorrect statement about chemical changes is that they can be reversed by physical changes. Chemical changes result in new substances with different properties and typically require chemical reactions to reverse.

Explanation:

The statement that is not true about chemical changes is: b. They can be reversed by physical changes. Chemical changes involve a transformation where new substances are formed, typically through the breaking and forming of chemical bonds. This process is known as a chemical reaction. Unlike physical changes, which only alter the appearance or state of a substance without changing its composition, chemical changes result in new products with entirely different properties from their starting materials.

To illustrate, when hydrogen and oxygen react to form water, this is a chemical change because it results in the formation of a new substance, water, with different properties than hydrogen and oxygen gas.

Observations that indicate a chemical change has occurred include a color change, temperature change, light given off, formation of bubbles, or formation of a precipitate. Examples of these are the rusting of iron or the souring of milk. Reversing such changes generally requires chemical reactions, not mere physical processes.

Answer: Specific volume of Tungsten is [tex]\frac{8.26*10^-^4ft^3}{lb}[/tex] .

Explanation: The density of Tungsten is given as 1210 lb per cubic feet and it asks to calculate its specific volume.

Density is directly proportional to the mass and inversely proportional to the volume where as specific volume is directly proportional to the volume and inversely proportional to the mass. It means, specific volume is the reciprocal of density.

specific volume = [tex]\frac{1}{density}[/tex]

Let's plug in the given value of the density in above formula:

specific volume = [tex]\frac{1}{1210lb*ft^-^3}[/tex]

specific volume = [tex]\frac{0.000826ft^3}{lb}[/tex]

If we want to write the answer in scientific notations then need to move the decimal four places to the left and so it becomes [tex]\frac{8.26*10^-^4ft^3}{lb}[/tex]

Answer:

Its C2H2

Explanation: ON EASTSIDE IT IS

Answer: B. The electrode at which a reduction reaction occurs.

Explanation: I just took the quiz (A P E X)

Cathode is the electrode at which a reduction reaction occurs.

What is Cathode ?
Cathode is the electrode which occurs at reduction and current enters the cell. Cathode attracts cations. Cathode means negative side.

Now check options one by one

Option (A): The electrode not releasers ions into the solutions because here positive ions gains electrons not lose electrons.

So option (A) is incorrect.

Option (B): The electrode at which a reduction reaction occur and current enter in the cell.

So it is correct answer.

Option (C): The electrode that is oxidized in a redox reaction is anode not cathode.

So it is incorrect answer.

Option (D): Anode is the electrode which loses the electrons.

So, option (D) is incorrect.

Thus, we can say that Cathode is the electrode at which a reduction reaction occurs.

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Final answer:

The breaking down of NaCl into Na and Cl₂ appears to be a decomposition reaction, but the provided materials suggest an electrolysis process, where NaCl and water produce NaOH, hydrogen gas, and chlorine gas through electrolysis.

Explanation:

The reaction of sodium chloride (NaCl) breaking down into sodium (Na) and chlorine gas (Cl₂) is a type of chemical reaction known as a decomposition reaction. However, in the provided materials, NaCl doesn't appear to be converted directly to Na and Cl₂; instead, more information suggests the involvement of water (H₂O), which means the reaction discussed seems to be electrolysis, where 2NaCl(aq) + 2H₂O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + H₂(g) + Cl₂(g). This is a redox process wherein Na is reduced and Cl is oxidized. The synthesis reaction given in the materials where 2 Na(s) + Cl₂(g) → 2 NaCl(s) is more of a combination reaction.

Answer:

axon

Explanation:

Axon is a thin fiber that carries signals away from the cell body. It is an extension responsible for transmitting signals to other cells, such as another neuron, glands or muscles. It is characterized by being longer than dendrites and can reach up to one meter in length in some species. In some neurons, the axon myelin sheath is observed, which is produced by two types of glial cells: the oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system.

Final answer:

The main difference between a homogeneous mixture and a heterogeneous mixture is that the components of a homogeneous mixture are evenly distributed throughout, making any sample taken from the mixture have the same composition. Conversely, a heterogeneous mixture does not have a uniform composition, and its different components can usually be seen and separated physically.

Explanation:

The main difference between a homogeneous mixture and a heterogeneous mixture is how the components are distributed within the mixture. A homogeneous mixture has its components evenly distributed throughout, meaning any sample taken from the mixture will have the same composition. In contrast, a heterogeneous mixture does not have a uniform composition, and the different components can usually be seen and separated physically. An example of a homogeneous mixture could be a solution of sugar dissolved in water, where the sugar and water are so thoroughly mixed that the composition is the same throughout the solution. On the other hand, a mixture of sand and water serves as an example of a heterogeneous mixture because the sand and water do not uniformly mix, allowing the components to be seen and separated easily.

Answer:

A) An equilibrium is reached

Explanation:

The given reactions do not show Mn3+ acting specifically as an acid by donating protons. They primarily involve redox reactions, which describe the transfer of electrons resulting in oxidation state changes for the manganese ion.

When Mn3+ cation acts as an acid, it can donate a proton (H+) to another species. In the presence of water, it could react in a way that would generate hydrogen ions (H+) along with a reduced form of manganese. However, the reactions provided do not directly show Mn3+ acting as an acid. Instead, they involve redox reactions where manganese changes oxidation state. For example, in the reaction MnO4 (aq) + 5Fe²+ (aq) + 8H+ (aq) → Mn²+ (aq) + 5Fe³+ (aq) + 4H₂O(l), Mn goes from an oxidation state of +7 in MnO4- to +2 in Mn2+, which is a reduction.

To write an equation showing Mn3+ acting as an acid, we need to consider a hypothetical reaction where Mn3+ donates a proton to a base such as water (H2O), which is not provided in the given data. Remember, if the correct equation is not clear from the question or additional resources, it is important not to speculate or create inaccurate representations of chemical processes.

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Bases are named like ionic compounds.

Bases are named using the following convention:

Bases are substances that can accept protons (H+) or donate pairs of electrons. They typically consist of a metal cation and a hydroxide anion (OH-). When naming bases, the name of the metal cation is written first, followed by the word "hydroxide."

For example:

Sodium hydroxide: NaOH

Calcium hydroxide: Ca(OH)2

Potassium hydroxide: KOH

In these examples, the metal cations (sodium, calcium, and potassium) are named first, followed by the word "hydroxide," which represents the hydroxide anion (OH-). The resulting compounds are ionic in nature.

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Answer: The positive and negative charges of the water molecule pull on the negative and positive ends of the ionic molecule to break them apart.

Explanation:  

Ionic compounds dissolve in polar solvents such as water as like dissolves like. Ionic compounds are made up of ions which remain attracted by coloumbic forces.  

Thus to separate the ions, the positive and negative charges of polar solvent pulls the opposite charges of the ionic compounds and thus break them apart. Thus the ionic compounds dissolve in water.