Answer:
D) Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.
Explanation:
I am honestly not quite sure of this answer, but I was trying to read up on the topic and this is the answer I'm most confident in. It would make sense that the offspring are genetically identical to the parent because they would have no where else to get their genes/mix to form new ones. I really hope this helps!
What features allowed herbivores and carnivores to consume their specific diets
Answer:
The digestive systems of carnivores and herbivores are very different. Carnivores typically have only one stomach chamber and a simple digestive system. ... Herbivores have large, flat teeth that grind up plant materials. In contrast, carnivores have mostly sharp, pointed teeth that are used for tearing flesh
Explanation:
Scientists talk about the 6th Mass extinction happening right now. What is it and how is it different from the last 5?
Answer:
The 6th Mass Extinction is the current mass extinction event of the Holocene era.
The 6th extinction differs with the last five in terms of the cause. The last 5 extinction events all had natural causes, with species killed either by climate change or by natural disasters such as volcanic eruptions.
Explanation:
Before we elaborate the 6th extinction, it is important to understand the meaning of mass extinction and why it takes place.
Mass Extinction:
A mass extinction is a time period in which a large number of living species go extinct.
The Earth has gone through 5 major extinction events. Lets analyse how their cause differs from the 6th extinction.
The first extinction occurred in the The Ordovician Period of the Paleozoic Era (about 440 million years ago). The major cause of this event was continental drift and the climate change that followed. This extinction took place in 2 stages: an ice age that covered the Earth and the rising sea levels when the ice age ended. The second one occurred in The Devonian Period of the Paleozoic Era (about 375 million years ago). Many climatic changes are suspected to be causes of this event: Lack of oxygen in the oceans, quick cooling of air temperatures, volcanic eruptions, and meteor strikes.The third event took place in The Permian Period of the Paleozoic Era (about 250 million years ago). Asteroid strikes, volcanic activity and climate change are suspected to be the causes.The fourth extinction occurred at the end of the Triassic Period of the Mesozoic Era (about 200 million years ago). Volcanic activity, rising pH and salt concentrations in the oceans and climate change are said to be the primary causes.The fifth extinction occurred at the end of the Cretaceous Period of the Mesozoic Era (about 65 million years ago). Asteroid strikes or meteor showers are said to be the causes.The 6th extinction, occurring in the Holocene era, is believed to caused solely by human activities and the consequent climate change.Can the scientific method be used to prove unique historical events?
o Yes
NO
Answer:
Yes
Explanation:
if you use the scientific method in that way then yes you can
Answer:
Yes, is the correct answer!
Explanation:
Please mark brainliest!
Active transport occurs through which type of biomolecule?
imagine a genetic cross between two people,blood type AB. what is the probability that these people will have offspring with type b blood
A)0%
B)10%
C)25%
D)50%
Answer:
the right answer is c) 25%
Explanation:
Because its on usatestprep and 25% is the probability of having offspring with type B blood. If you do a Punnett square you see:
1/4 offspring could have blood type B: a 25% chance. 2/4 could be AB and 1/4 could be A.
Using the product rule of probability, calculate the odds of getting an individual that receives the bb genotype and therefore shows the recessive trait, white flowers. A) 1/4 X 1/4 = 1/16 B) 1/2 X 1/2 = 1/4 C) 1/4 + 1/4 = 1/2 D) 3 X 1/4 = 3/4; 1 - 3/4 = 1/4
The recessive trait, white flowers are shown as 1/2* 1/2= 1/4. So, the correct option is B.
What is Probability?Probability means possibility which is a branch of mathematics that deals with the occurrence of a random event. The value is expressed from zero to one. Probability has been introduced in Mathematics to predict how likely events are to happen.
A probability rule that is very useful in genetics is the product rule, which states that the probability of two or more independent events occurring simultaneously can be calculated by multiplying the individual probabilities of the events. Like in above given information, Probability of recessive trait is 1/4.
Thus. the recessive trait, white flowers are shown as 1/2* 1/2= 1/4. So, the correct option is B.
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What must happen to DNA before cells can divide?
Before a cell divides, DNA must copy itself in order to check for errors and make sure that the cells produced will have the correct number of chromosomes
What are some important uses of DNA in forensics
Answer:
DNA profiling is a forensic technique in criminal investigations, comparing criminal suspects' profiles to DNA evidence so as to assess the likelihood of their involvement in the crime. ... DNA profiling has also been used in the study of animal and plant populations in the fields of zoology, botany, and agriculture.
Explanation:
It is also known as genetic fingerprinting, DNA typing, and DNA profiling. When used for forensic science, DNA fingerprinting makes use of probes that target regions of DNA specific to humans, thus eliminating any possibility of contamination by extraneous DNA from bacteria, plants, insects, or other sources.
DNA has been notably important to the field of forensic science. The discovery of DNA has meant that the guilt or innocence of a person who is investigated for a crime can be determined. It also means that scarce evidence can still yield vital clues regarding the perpetrator of a crime.
Hope this helps
DNA analysis is crucial in forensic science for identifying individuals and providing evidence in legal cases. Crime scene investigations often involve DNA profiling to match suspects to biological material at a crime scene. Forensic scientists utilize technologies like PCR, STR analysis, and mitochondrial DNA sequencing to analyze samples.
Explanation:Important Uses of DNA in Forensics
DNA analysis plays a crucial role in forensic science, providing a powerful tool for solving crimes and seeking justice. The unique nature of an individual's DNA allows forensic experts to use it as definitive evidence in court cases. DNA profiling can determine if a suspect's genetic material matches that found at a crime scene, which is vital for crime scene investigations. Examples include analysis of blood, skin cells, hair, or other biological materials that could link a crime to an individual. In addition to human identification, DNA analysis also aids in other legal matters like paternity testing, identifying bodies, or even tracking the source of infections, as seen in bioterrorism with the anthrax cases handled through microbial genomics.
Technicians use DNA sequencing to compare sample sequences with known sequences, which can determine relationships or identify crime suspects. They employ various technologies, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and short tandem repeat (STR) analysis, for amplifying and comparing DNA fragments, and mitochondrial DNA sequencing, which is often used in cases where nuclear DNA is not available.
Those pursuing careers in forensics should obtain a solid foundation in the sciences, with specializations in areas like biology or chemistry, and have laboratory experience. Their expertise is also vital in court, where they present and interpret DNA evidence.
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What can happen if a pesticide is used on an insect population but only kills 98% of insects
Answer:
It can make the resistant insect live and to produce more insects through reproduction. This will happen if a pesticide is used on an insect population but only kills 98% of insects
Explanation:
Pesticides are chemicals used to kill the population of insects attacking the crops plants and household things. 98% of insects are killed by pesticides because they do not have the gene of resistance which disables them to survive. Some of the insects have resistant genes which helps them in surviving and reproducing more insects.
The number of these insects’ increases through reproduction. Some will be pesticides of "contact" that kill when the organism falls into direct interaction. Some are "systemic" and it will be embedded into the molecular structure of a plant. Once they bite the crop, they destroy them and consume the chemical pesticide.
I WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST Give an example of an adaptation within a population (micro-evolution) that has been observed or research the Blue Moon Butterfly for adaptations within their populations that have been observed. Be sure to include a link to your resource.
Answer: I found two on the Blue Moon Butterfly. The BMB evolved with a new gene that renders male butterflies immune to the Wolbachia bacteria passed down from the mother which kills males before they hatched. The bacteria was discovered in the butterflies by Greg Hurst in the 1990s.
Explanation: To find them, look up "blue moon butterfly." One website should be called Berkely(.)edu. The other can be found by looking up "wolbachia butterfly." The website is called theatlantic(.)com.
in cystic fibrosis, a change in a single gene causes the protein called CFTR to?
a. become less soluble
b. fold improperly
c. destroy the cell membrane
d. transport sodium ions
In a twisted ladder model of a DNA molecule, the rails represent the
and the rungs represent the of the nucleotides.
OA) sugars and phosphates; nitrogen bases
OB) nitrogen bases; sugars and phosphates
OC) adenine and thymine; guanine and cytosine
OD) guanine and cytosine; adenine and thymine
THE
The rails in the twisted ladder model of DNA represent the sugar-phosphate backbones and the rungs represent the pairs of nitrogen bases. The correct answer to the student's question is OA) sugars and phosphates; nitrogen bases.
Explanation:In the classic double helix model of DNA, the "rails" of the twisted ladder are made up of the sugar-phosphate backbone, while the "rungs" correspond to the pairs of nitrogenous bases. Each nucleotide, which is the basic building unit of DNA, consists of a phosphate group, a sugar (deoxyribose), and a nitrogenous base. The backbone structure is formed by the sugar of one nucleotide connecting to the phosphate group of the next, creating a long chain that makes up the sides of the ladder. The nucleotides from one strand connect to those of a complementary strand via hydrogen bonds between their nitrogenous bases, which form the rungs of the ladder with adenine (A) always pairing with thymine (T), and guanine (G) always pairing with cytosine (C).
Therefore, the correct answer to the question is: OA) sugars and phosphates; nitrogen bases. The sugars and phosphates form the structure of the double helix, and the nitrogen bases interact in the middle, creating base pairs that hold the two strands together like the steps of a ladder.
Nearly all populations will tend to grow exponentially as long as there are resources available. After an initial period of exponential
growth, a population will encounter one or more limiting factors that will cause the exponential growth to stop. The population enters a
slower growth phase and may stabilize at a fairly constant population size or in some cases, may decline. Limiting factors can be classified
as either density-dependent or density independent
7:12
Cools
Drag each phrase/term to the correct column.
LON
Available space
Number of predators
Volcano
Wild fires
Density Dependent
Density Independent
Climatic change
o answer here
drag and drop
er here
Density dependent: available space number of predators
density independent: climatic change wild fires volcano
According to the question, each phrase/term with respect to the correct column is as follows:
Density-dependent factors: Available space, Number of predators.Density-independent factors: Volcano, Wildfires, climatic change. What is Population?A Population may be defined as a group of individuals belonging to the same species living in the same area at a given time.
Density-dependent factors may be characterized as those factors that significantly vary with the density of the population. These factors affect a higher proportion of individuals. It typically includes food and space available, competition between the species, predation, parasitism, accumulation of toxic wastes, etc.
While density-independent factors are those factors that do not vary with the density of the population. It majorly includes abiotic parameters like Temperature, flooding, pH, wildfires, etc.
Therefore, according to the question, each phrase/term with respect to the correct column is well mentioned.
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Technology can have good and bad effects.what is a bad effect of spraying pesticides on crops
Answer:
Although pesticides can help a farmer to get rid of insects that are harming his plants, but pesticides can be heavily toxic.
Some of the dangers of using pesticides are:
The pesticides can make their way into a river, lake or pond source. They can be toxic for the aquatic life there. In this way, they can make an ecosystem unstable.
Leeching can occur when pesticides make their way to groundwater. The groundwater is used by many people for drinking purposes. Hence, this water will become toxic for the usage of humans.
Some rivers no longer reach the ocean because
A) mud and sand from floods have blocked their channels
B) too much water is taken out of the watershed upstream
C) they are now polluted and people have redirected them
D) there is too much erosion and reshaping in the watershed
Which property of water remains unchanged when it recycles in the atmosphere
Answer:
Molecular arrangement is the property of water remains unchanged when it recycles in the atmosphere .
Explanation:
In the water, Molecular arrangement remains same when it recycles in the atmosphere . A water molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom, and its overall structure is bent.
This is because the oxygen atom, in addition to forming bonds with the hydrogen atoms, also carries two pairs of unshared electrons. All of the electron pairs—shared and unshared—repel each other. Thus it is the element or property which remains in same condition.
The chemical composition of water, specifically the molecular structure of H₂O, remains unchanged during the water cycle as it moves through the atmosphere, despite undergoing phase changes.
The property of water that remains unchanged when it recycles in the atmosphere is its chemical composition. Each water molecule, consisting of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom (H₂O), maintains this structure throughout the water cycle, regardless of the physical state it may be in (solid, liquid, or gas). Despite continuous phase changes such as evaporation, condensation, and precipitation, the intrinsic molecular structure of water does not alter. Water's unique properties, including its high specific heat and density anomaly where solid water (ice) is less dense than liquid water, play crucial roles in weather systems and the environment without changing the actual H₂O molecule.
As water evaporates, forms clouds, and returns as precipitation, it moves energy through the atmosphere, driving weather patterns. The vast amount of energy required for the temperature of water to change protects our climate by absorbing and releasing heat at a slower rate. This characteristic also significantly impacts Earth's weather, as it allows water to store heat, influencing weather events like hurricanes. Despite these changes in state and temperature, the chemical composition of water remains consistent during the hydrologic cycle.
How does a greenhouse works
Answer:
A greenhouse is a building with glass walls and a glass roof. Greenhouses are used to grow plants, such as tomatoes and tropical flowers. A greenhouse stays warm inside, even during the winter. In the daytime, sunlight shines into the greenhouse and warms the plants and air inside.
Explanation:
Which set of words below could be used to describe the dispersal of seeds to a new region?
- wings, legs, migration
- nvasive, extic, continental drift
- biogeography, adaptation, survival
- wind, water, animal feces
Answer:
wind, water, animal feces
WHAT ARE THE LEVELS IN ORGANIZATION IN PARAMECIUM?
Final answer:
Paramecium is organized at the cellular level, with specialized organelles like the nucleus and cilia, but as a single-celled organism it does not have tissues, organs, or higher levels of organization.
Explanation:
The levels of organization in a Paramecium, like other living organisms, can be described in a hierarchy from simplest to most complex. Starting with organelles, which are the basic functional units within cells, we move onto the cellular level, where all organelles function as a whole unit. While multicellular organisms continue to higher levels of organization such as tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, and ultimately the biosphere, Paramecium as a single-celled organism does not have these higher levels of organization.
A Paramecium's complexity is primarily within the single cell level, where organelles like the nucleus, contractile vacuoles, and cilia are organized to carry out the life processes of this unicellular organism. Therefore, the Paramecium exemplifies the biological organization at the cellular level with highly specialized organelles contributing to its survival in its aquatic ecosystem.
What could be a good effect of a mutation?
O
A. More variety in a population.
O
B. Less variety in a population.
O
C. DNA is destroyed
O
D. DNA does not function properly.
The good effect of a mutation is A. More variety in a population.
What is mutation?A mutation is a change inside the DNA sequence of an organism. Mutations can result from errors in DNA replication in the course of cell department, publicity to mutagens. The mutation is the permanent alteration of the nucleotide series of the genome of an organism, virus, extrachromosomal DNA, or different genetic factors. Mutations in the structure of genes may be categorized as Small-scale Mutationsand big Scale Mutations.Maximum mutations aren't dangerous, but some may be. A dangerous mutation can bring about a genetic disease or maybe cancer. any other form of mutation is a chromosomal mutation. Chromosomes, placed within the cellular nucleus, are tiny threadlike structures that convey genes.Hence, the good effect of a mutation is A. More variety in a population.
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The remains of living organisms are compressed and stuck together over time to form a rock. What type of rock is it?
A. foliated metamorphic
B. chemical sedimentary
C. clastic sedimentary
D. organic sedimentary
Dead organisms when get compressed and stuck together inside soil for long time, gives rise to organic sedimentary rocks.
Option D
Explanation:
Organic sedimentary rocks are the types of sedimentary rocks generally formed in swamps or water logged areas over years where remains of living organisms like leaf or dead bodies of animals get petrified and stored under the soil for considerable amount of time and due to carbon deposition, it forms rocks. Most classical example of this type of sedimentary rocks is coal.
When a dead organism gets stuck and dies, firstly the body gets petrified. Then the minerals from surrounding soil and from the body itself gets to deposit in that place and slowly with time, it forms the rock.
In the Earth's mantle, heat is transferred in large convection currents. Within these currents,
A.
hotter and cooler rock sink but do not rise.
B.
cooler rock rises and hotter rock sinks.
C.
cooler and hotter rock rise but do not sink.
D.
hotter rock rises and cooler rock sinks.
Answer:
D. hotter rock rises and cooler rock sinks.
Explanation:
We know that as we move towards Earth's center, the temperature rises. This rise in temperature causes rocks to melt (magma). The high temperature and melting of rocks decrease the density of material which makes it move upward. By moving upward, the molten rock starts turning solid and becomes denser again. Here, it sinks back due to gravity. This upward and downward movement of rocks due to density and temperature makes a convection cell.
PS: The formation of convection cells in Earth's interior is also the reason for plate tectonics.
The answer is D hotter rock rises
Why? Because... While convection is generally discussed as a form of heat flow within liquids and gases, it can occur in solids too. For example, the temperature and pressure conditions in the Earth's mantle allow mantle rock to flow very slowly. Hotter rock gradually rises up and cooler rock gradually sinks down in large convection currents in the mantle.
And because study island....
1. Forensic scientists use DNA fingerprinting for
Answer:
When used for forensic science, DNA fingerprinting makes use of probes that target regions of DNA specific to humans, thus eliminating any possibility of contamination by extraneous DNA from bacteria, plants, insects, or other sources.
Explanation:
Answered that question before. hope this helps :)
Answer: B. Identifying a person based on his or her unique genetic code.
Explanation: Here are the answer choices:
A. Finding similarities between individuals
B. Identifying a person based on his or her unique genetic code.
C. Tracing patterns of genetic defects present in criminals.
D. Determining if genetic engineering has occurred on a product.
B sounds the most reasonable to me.
Which of the following is a true statement about the flow of energy in an ecosystem?
a. Smaller organisms need less energy per gram of body weight than do larger organisms.
6. Energy transfer between organisms normally involves conservation of heat energy.
C. Energy is lost between trophic levels.
Energy is lost between trophic levels.
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
The source of energy for all organisms is the Sun. The Tropic levels exhibit the flow of energy in an ecosystem. The flow of energy is always in one direction. The energy level decreases crossing each trophic level as energy is lost in the form of heat.
Primary producers are the first in Trophic level, The Herbivores fall in the next level , the Carnivores form the next level and the decomposers are the last in the trophic level. The decomposers decompose all the living organisms and convert to nutrients that are available in the soil. The plants take up this nutrient and hence this is a cycle.
The human immune system can produce a specific response or a nonspecific response
to infection. Which of the Following is a specific immune response of the human
immune system?
Answer:
Human immune system has two types of immune response-; Specific immune response and non specific immune response.
Explanation:
Human immune response
The response of body caused by immunity to a particular antigen or pathogen. there are two types of immune responses-
INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE- This is the non specific immune response. This is present in all organisms by birth. No specificity is required.Examples-
Immunity transferred by mother to her baby from colostrum,
First line of defence like skin,
Non specific immune response is always present naturally. This is always ready to fight with any infection. Neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils and macrophages are cells which give immune response without any specific training. The first response after infection is fever, inflammation etc caused by non specific response.
ACQUIRED IMMUNE RESPONSE- Also known as adaptive response or specific response. Which is acquired by individual in his life. It is triggered by antigen and as response body produce specific cells
In this immunity, body produce MEMORY CELLS, so whenever in future that particular antigen exposed to the body it gives quick response against that antigen.
There are B and T LYMPHOCYTES which perform this response. B lymphocytes are cells produce antibodies these are IgA, IgD,IgE,IgG, and IgM. These cells target antigens and kill them in very specific manner.
Comparison of Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Explanation:
Photosynthesis produces glucose and O2 from inorganic CO2, light energy and water.
6CO2 + 6H20 + (energy) → C6H12O6 + 6O2
These end products, namely O2 and glucose are then used in respiration...
C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ≈38 ATP
The CO2 and H2O produced as waste in respiration can then be incorporated at the beginning of photosynthesis. Thus the reactions are cyclic- they feed into each other.
Further Explanation:
Photosynthesis is a chemical pathway that’s integral to producing energy in plants and other primary producers. Energy in the form of molecules of glucose is produced from light, water and carbon dioxide while oxygen is released. This occurs in several complex steps, photosynthesis is a rate limited reaction, depends on several factors including carbon dioxide concentration, ambient temperature and light intensity; the energy is retrieved from photons, I.e. particles of light, and water is used as a reducing agent. This occurs in the thykaloids, where pigment molecules like chlorophyll reside.
Occuring in several complex steps, photosynthesis is a rate limited reaction, depends on several factors including carbon dioxide concentration, ambient temperature and light intensity; the energy is retrieved from photons, I.e. particles of light, and water is used as a reducing agent. Water supplies the chlorophyll in plant cell with replacement electrons for the ones removed from photosystem II.
Additionally,
water (H2O) split by light during photolysis into H+ and OH- acts as a source of oxygen along with functioning as a reducing agent; it reduces the molecule NADP to NADPH by providing H+ ions and produces molecules of the energy storage molecule ATP through an electron transport chain. This occurs in the thykaloids, where pigment molecules like chlorophyll reside. Later, in dark reactions, NADP and NADPH are used in the Calvin cycle where monosaccharides or sugars like glucose are produced after the modification of several molecules. These store energy in their bonds, which can be released in respiration in the mitochondria.In all eukaryotic cells mitochondria are small cellular organelles bound by membranes, these make most of the chemical energy required for powering the biochemical reactions within the cell. This chemical energy is stored within the molecule ATP which is produced.
Respiration in the mitochondria utilizes oxygen for the production of ATP in the Krebs’s cycle via the oxidization of pyruvate( through the process of glycoysis). The electron transport chain, in which oxygen functions as the terminal electron acceptor occurs in both plants and animals.
Glycolysis: occurs in the cytoplasm 2 molecules of ATP are used to cleave glucose into 2 pyruvates, 4 ATP and 2 electron carrying NADH molecules. The Kreb's cycle: in the mitochondrial matrix- 6 molecules of CO2 are produced by combining oxygen and the carbon within pyruvate, 2 ATP oxygen molecules, 8 NADH and 2 FADH2. The electron transport chain, ETC: in the inner mitochondrial membrane, 34 ATP, electrons combine with H+ split from 10 NADH, 4 FADH2, renewing the number of electron acceptors and 3 oxygen; this forms 6 H2O, 10 NAD+, 4 FAD.Learn more about photosynthesis at brainly.com/question/4216541
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Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are interconnected processes that plants and organisms rely on to convert energy and maintain life. They involve the exchange of gases, the use of energy, and the production of different molecules. By recycling oxygen and converting solar energy into usable forms, these processes sustain life on Earth.
Explanation:Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are two interconnected processes in living organisms. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants and some microorganisms convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose and oxygen. Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down glucose and oxygen to produce energy, carbon dioxide, and water. Both processes involve the exchange of gases, the use of energy, and the production of different molecules.
In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is taken in, and oxygen and glucose are produced. In cellular respiration, oxygen is taken in, and carbon dioxide and energy (in the form of ATP) are produced. Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells, while cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria of all eukaryotic cells. These two processes are connected, as the products of one process are the reactants of the other, forming a cycle.
Overall, photosynthesis and cellular respiration work together to sustain life on Earth by recycling oxygen and converting solar energy into usable forms for organisms. They are fundamental processes in biology, and understanding their interconnectedness is crucial to understanding how life functions.
who were the contributing scientists that discovered how muscle contraction worked
Andrew Huxley and Niedergerke are the scientists that discovered the sliding filament theory.
Explanation:They said that the muscle filaments are made up of proteins like actin and myosin. Actin is the thinner protein that is formed of two subunits – G actin and the F actin. They together form the actin filament.
Myosin filament is formed of the units Heavy meromyosin and light meromyosin. These together make the myosin filament. These filaments slide over each other and attach themselves to make the muscle contract.
what is the solution set of the quadratic equation x^4-x^2-2=0
Answer:
(x^4-x^2-2)^0=0
0=0
simple
I don’t think this question belongs to biology section nut if understood you well
2-2=0
x^2-2=x^0
x^0=1
Then x^4-x^0=x^4-1=x^3
So x^4-x^2-2=x^3
Now the equation is x^3=0
The same is x^3=0^3
so x=0
Name the features marking the
main branching points on the evolutionary tree of animals.
The branching points on the evolutionary tree of animals are marked by significant changes, including the evolution or loss of traits. These include the appearance of legs or the amniotic egg, the number of heart chambers, body symmetry, and other developmental characteristics. The branches' length doesn't signify the amount of evolutionary change.
Explanation:The main features marking the branching points on the evolutionary tree of animals, also known as the phylogenetic tree, are significant character changes, including the evolution of new traits and the loss of old ones. For instance, the branch point that diverges mammals and reptiles from the frog lineage is marked by the evolution of the amniotic egg. Similarly, the branch point that gave rise to organisms with legs is found at the common ancestor of mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and jawed fishes.
The branch points and branches in a phylogenetic tree represent evolutionary change. For example, the number of heart chambers in animals can change due to evolution and this is reflected on the evolutionary tree. Additionally, other key features such as body plan symmetry, number of germ tissue layers, and developmental characteristics like the presence or absence of an internal body cavity are used to determine branching points on the evolutionary tree.
Phylogenetic trees and cladograms can illustrate such changes derived due to evolution. However, the length of the branches on the evolutionary tree should not be mistaken as an indicator of the amount of evolutionary change between organisms.
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Diffusion occurs because
a. molecules constantly move and collide with each other.
b. The concentration of a solution is never the same throughout a solution.
c. The concentration of a solution is always the same throughout a solution.
d. Molecules never move or collide with each other.
Diffusion occurs because the molecules constantly move and collide with each other. Hence, the correct option is A.
What is diffusion?Diffusion refers to the motion of molecules from a region of high concentration to the region of low concentration. By doing so, the molecules of the substance will try to attain equilibrium. Hence, they will try to equalize their concentration on both the sides of the membrane.
Diffusion occurs in all the living beings, which facilitates the movement of substances or molecules in and out of the cell under a concentration gradient.
It is mainly of 2 types: Simple diffusion where it occurs simply without the help of any facilitators, while facilitated diffusion where the diffusion occurs with the help of solute-specific facilitators or carrier proteins.
The substances which are in the liquid and gaseous phases readily undergo diffusion due to the presence of intermolecular spaces between them.
Thus, the correct option is A. The molecules constantly move and collide with each other and cause diffusion.
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