Which statement is true about DNA ? a.Both of the original DNA strands act as templates during replication. b.It is a single-stranded molecule. c.Only one of the original DNA strands acts as a template during replication. d.Its replication takes place in the cytosol.

Organic compounds, such as proteins and starches, are too large to diffuse into cells. Proteins are digested into (A) amino acids and starches are digested into (B)glucose.

The cell, the nucleus, and the cytoplasm are the three components that make up a cell. Intricate arrangements of microscopic strands and hundreds of tiny, unique components known as organelles can be found in the cytoplasm. Cells are often elongated, spherical, or circular. Some cells have lengthy ends that are pointed. They have a cell cycle appearance. Sometimes, cells might be quite lengthy. Some have branches, like a neuron or a nerve cell.

There are two distinct types of cells: prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus but still have a nucleoid area, and eukaryotes, which have a nucleus. Eukaryotes can either be single-celled and multicellular, in opposed unlike prokaryotic cells, that are single-celled organisms.

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Answer:

Interstitial fluid

Explanation:

Otitis media is an acute infection of the middle ear. It is caused mainly by bacteria and is associated with nose and throat infections. The causative bacteria pass into the auditory tube from the nasopharynx and cause infection in the middle ear. There is a build-up of a large amount of fluid interstitial fluid in the tympanic cavity resulting in reddening and bulging of the eardrum.  

Children have almost horizontal auditory tubes that decrease drainage and therefore, are most likely to become affected. To treat the condition, a small tube is inserted into the eardrum to provide a pathway for the drainage of the fluid.  

Answer:

Explanation:

Sponges are the multicellular which contains channels and pores in their bodies to allow the movement of surrounding water in them. They belong to the kingdom Porifera and are one of the earliest forms of multicellular life on earth.

Since the sponges are one of the earliest forms of multicellular organisms on Earth, therefore, they do not move and remain attached to the underwater surface. Therefore they remain inactive and are sessile.

Thus, Option-B is the correct answer.

Answer:

The correct answer is d)  The ability to be stimulated and to convey electrical impulses.

Explanation:

Neurons are cells that have the ability to transmit the nerve impulse in the form of an electric current. When a neuron is stimulated, electrical changes occur in its membrane that are transmitted from the dendrites to the axon, crossing the entire neuron, that is, when a neuron is stimulated, some electrical changes that begin in the dendrites originate, pass by the neuronal body, and end up in the axon. This electrical impulse passes from one neuron to another through synapses, connections formed between the final end of the axon of a neuron and the dendrite of the adjacent neuron.

Answer:

The correct answer will be option-Lytic cycle

Explanation:

The lytic cycle is one of the two mechanisms of reproduction performed by bacterial viruses called Bacteriophage.

During the lytic cycle, the virus reproduces by using the DNA replication machinery of the host cell and then producing enzymes which degrades the cell wall structure of the bacteria.

The enzyme acts and degrades the cell wall as a result of which the bacteria dies and the produces viral particles are released into the environment.  Since the bacterial cells are then lysed by the virus therefore the cycle is known as the lytic cycle.

Thus, the option-Lytic cycle is the correct answer.

Answer:

The correct answer is A. breaking down organic matter

Explanation:

Bacteria and archaea are the domains that come under prokaryotes. These organisms lack nucleus. They play an important role in the nutrient cycle. Most of these organisms are heterotrophs and consume organic matter to gain energy.

They play an important role in breaking down the organic matter and releasing the nutrient from them in the environment so they helps in circulating the nutrients in the ecosystem.

For example, different methanogens and acid-forming bacteria decompose organic waste of industry and agriculture and produce manure and biogas during anaerobic decomposition. So the correct answer is A.

The primary ecological role of prokaryotes is to break down organic matter, which is crucial in the carbon and nitrogen cycles for maintaining balance within ecosystems.

Primary Ecological Role of Prokaryotes

The primary ecological role of prokaryotes is breaking down organic matter. Prokaryotes are essential in nutrient cycling, particularly in the carbon and nitrogen cycles. They decompose dead organisms, returning vital nutrients to the environment, and fix nitrogen to make it accessible to plants. Additionally, some prokaryotes are involved in bioremediation, where they clean up pollutants from the environment. Prokaryotes also contribute to the production of oxygen and some even inhabit human bodies, providing health benefits and aiding digestion. In ecosystems, they play various roles that are critical to maintaining the balance and supporting life.

Answer:

14 grams

Explanation:

As per the dietary guidelines of America, the recommended intake of dietary fiber is 14 grams per thousand calories. Dietary fiber is made up of carbohydrates (than cannot be digested), lignin intrinsic and intact. A rich fiber diet is essential to take care of heart disease and betterment of laxation.  

Some of the common sources of dietary fibers are – grains, vegetables, fruits, etc.  

Answer:

The plant cell wall is strengthened by the molecular structure of cellulose. Cellulose is made up of ß-glucose arranged upside down, this arrangement aided hydrogen bonds between the hydrogen ions of the  hydroxyl group and oxygen of the of the ring   of same  betta -glucose.

The aggregation of the hydrogen  bonds give bundles of  strong tensile  strength of cellulose called the  microfibrils (of 60-70 celluose molecules).They are  held together in bundled called fibers.These is the source of  plant cell walls  strength.

Collagen is the main extracellur matrix (EM) in animal cells.It is a glycoprotein made up of 25%of body protein of animals.Each collagen molecule is made of helix shaped ,three polypeptide chains, wound around each other to form triple helix.The bonds  holding helix together are hydrogen and covalent bonds.

Each triple helix is attached to adjacent collagen molecule, parallel  to it. The covalent bonds formed a cross link which held  the collagen molecules together forming FIBRILS.  This gives flexibility to collagen, while maitaing strong tensile strength. This is what is responsible for the structural strength of cell membrane .

.The  EM,is  futher reinforced with  carbohydrate molecules(proteoglycans) which aided in water movements by  osmosis following  sodium movements into the matrix.

Final answer:

A comparison of the extracellular matrix of animals and the cell wall of plants, with a focus on their components, functions, and synthesis.

Explanation:

Extracellular Matrix of Animals: The extracellular matrix of animals is composed of proteins, with collagen being the most abundant, along with proteoglycans. These structures hold cells together to form tissues and facilitate intercellular communication.

Cell Wall of Plants: In contrast, plant cells have a cell wall made of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin. The cell wall provides structural support, protection, and regulation of water uptake.

Molecules and Functions: Proteins like collagen and proteoglycans in the animal extracellular matrix provide strength and support, while cellulose in plant cell walls offers rigidity. These molecules are synthesized within the cells and secreted to form their respective structures.

Answer:

The correct option is A.

Explanation:

Nitrogen fixing bacteria: They are defined as the micro-organism which are capable of transforming atmospheric nitrogen into fixed nitrogen, this nitrogen is used by living organisms. They are basically two types:

1) One is free living bacteria such as blue-green algae (cyanobacteria), Azotobacter, and Clostridium.

2) Second is symbiotic bacteria such as Rhizobium which are symbiotic relationship with leguminous plants.

Explanation:

A medical assistant's scope of practice generally does not include these duties: Independently perform telephone triage (medical assistants are not legally authorized to analyze and interpret data or diagnose symptoms). Independently diagnose or treat patients. Inject collagen.

Answer:

The correct answer is option a. "a bean and cheese burrito".

Explanation:

A bean and cheese burrito is a food that keeps a person satiated for a long period of time. Beans are legumes that are high in protein and fiber, two components that help people to have a feeling of satiation. Also, cheese contributes to the feeling of satiation, because in average it has 7 grams of protein per ounce and 5 to 10 grams of fat per ounce.

Answer:

The correct answer will be -Bursae

Explanation:

A bursa is a thin, fluid-filled connective tissue sac present around the synovial joints where it helps reduces the fiction caused by the rubbing of the bones, ligaments and tendons.  The bursae are classified on the basis of their presence in the human body.

The Bursae reduce the friction by between two structures of the skeletal system by physically separating the adjacent structures due to the presence of the fluid.

Thus, Bursae is the correct answer.

Answer:

D (Cell gamete)

Explanation:

A gamete is a sex cell while the other three cells in the options are somatic or body cells. The bone, kidney and nerve cells are regular types of body cells that do not perform any reproductive function. Hence, they contain two set of chromosomes (diploid) since they replicate through mitosis, which is a kind of cell division that gives rise to daughter cells with identical genetical composition. The animal has a diplontic life cycle, meaning that it is a diploid organism, hence it undergoes mitosis in its somatic cells to produce diploid somatic cells, which has the same genetic composition as the parent cell.

On the other hand, gametes are sex cells that arise from the meiotic division of reproductive cells. Meiosis, in contrary to mitosis, is a type of cell division that produces daughter cells with a reduced number of genetic material (chromosomes). The reproductive cells of a diploid (2n) animal undergoes meiosis to produce haploid (n) gametes (sperm in male, egg in female). These gametes contain half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell, making them genetically different from the parent cell.

These haploid gametes (sperm and egg) fuse together to result into a diploid organism.

Answer:

E. Resource particioning

Explanation:

resource partitioning is a system adopted by organisms in a niche to avoid competition, they do this by dividing their limited resources.

Answer:

The correct answer is- Histone

Explanation:

DNA is approximately 2.2 m long thread which has to be adjusted in a microscopic nucleus so DNA must be in a supercoiled form to be present in the nucleus and this supercoiling of DNA is done on histone protein.

Histone protein is a positively charged protein that is made up of eight proteins so it is called histone octamer. Each histone has 2 copies of each protein that is H2A, H2B, H3, and H4.

DNA is negatively charged and histone protein is positively charged therefore DNA wraps around histone protein which causes the packaging of DNA. So the correct answer is histone protein.

Answer:

The correct answer will be option-C

Explanation:

Eating activity is very important for the organisms to survive which is regulated at the physiological mechanism.

When the stomach of the person is empty, it starts contraction. The contraction of the stomach causes the secretion of the chemical messages which transfers from the stomach to the CNS mainly hypothalamus and the hindbrain.

This produces a feeling of hunger in humans in the response to which the CNS sends the signals to feed on something. This shows how human activities are controlled at a physiological level.

Thus, Option-C is the correct answer.

The described scenario of stomachs contracting and causing secretion of chemical messages when empty is an example of how physiological mechanisms serve as the basis for hunger. These mechanisms ensure that our bodies correctly regulate our need for nutrition, whether we feel hunger or satiation.

The event described -- empty stomachs contracting, causing both hunger pangs and the secretion of chemical messages that travel to the brain to serve as a signal to initiate feeding behavior -- is an example of c. how physiological mechanisms serve as the basis for hunger.

Our brains and bodies work in tandem to regulate our need for nutrition. When our stomachs are empty, they contract and these contractions can lead to the sensation of hunger. At the same time, our bodies produce chemical signals that travel to the brain, signaling the need to initiate feeding behavior, or in simpler terms, the need to eat.

Satiation, or the feeling of being full, occurs when we have eaten and our blood glucose levels increase. The pancreas and liver then send signals to stop feeding behavior. This cycle of hunger and satiation is complex and highly regulated, ensuring that we maintain a relatively stable body weight, unless there is a persistent input of more calories than are expended, leading to storing excess energy as fat.

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Answer:The correct answer is 500

Explanation:

To lose 1 pound per week of fats, it's estimated that you should burn about 3,500 calories because 3,500 calories equals about 1 pound.So, if you reduce 500 to 1000 calories a day from your daily diet , you will lose about 1 to 2 pounds a week.

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Answer:

b. domains is the correct answer

Explanation:

A domain is a taxonomic classification higher than the kingdom level.

The three-domain system proposed by Carl Woese.

The three domains classification

Examples: Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria

Examples: methanogens, thermoacidophile

Examples: Saccharomycotina,Bryophytes

Answer:

d.The transferred traits were heritable.

Explanation:

Griffith's experiments with S. pneumoniae were significant  because they showed that traits could be transferred from one organism to another and these transferred traits are known to be as heritable traits. In another experiment carried out by Hershey and Chase experiment it was confirmed by the results that DNA is actually the hereditary material not the protein.

The statement which is true is 3: adaptation is complete after five minutes of exposure to the stimulus.

What this means is that from the point when the tongue receives the stimulus, its sensation towards that stimulus begins to depreciate and in about five minutes, it is as is the stimulant is no longer present. This phenomenon is called adaptation.

Gustatory receptors are usually found on the tongue. They are responsible for the ability to detect and differentiate between one taste or flavor and another through a process called chemosensation.

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Final answer:

Gustatory receptors generate an action potential in response to chemical stimuli, can adapt to taste stimuli within one to five minutes, and have varying thresholds of activation. They can also detect both hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds, not just hydrophobic ones. So the correct options are 1 and 3.

Explanation:

The question pertains to the characteristics of gustatory receptors, which are responsible for the sense of taste. Let's address each of the statements to clarify which is true:

Answer:

B) 6*10^-5

Explanation:

When you want to know the mutation rate per-locus you only have to multiply the number of base pairs of that locus by the mutation rate per base pair. Its a matter of what is the probability that every base pair in that locus could mutate.

(4*10^-8)*(1500)=6*10^-5

Answer:

D - Its genetic diversity is very low

Explanation:

An extinction vortex can be defined as the process which populations in decline pass through to drive them into a vortex of smaller populations, endangering their survival as they tread the path to extinction.

Populations that fall to extinction vortex already have small populations which is usually as a result of certain powerful genetic factors, which cause the populations to continue to decline in size.

During genetic drift which occurs in all populations, small populations tend to lose genetic diversity as a result of the random nature of gamete sampling.

This is because any change in alleles in a small populations can have dastardly effects on the populations size due to a small gene pool.

The variable affecting the enzyme action is temperature.  

Catalase is the enzyme which acts upon the "substrate hydrogen peroxide", breaking down them into water and oxygen gas.  Each and every enzyme is a protein, which has a tertiary structure which is essential for the enzyme action. The tertiary structure of the enzyme provides the site of enzymatic action where the substrate do gets attached for the enzymatic action to take place.  

Temperature, or heat, changes the protein structures irreversibly after a certain range. So if the beef liver is boiled, then the enzyme structure gets permanently changed, which is why the catalase cannot breakdown the peroxides, after boiling.  

In the given experiment, the variable affecting enzyme function is temperature. The high temperatures achieved through boiling lead to the denaturation of the catalase enzyme in the beef liver, thus inhibiting its ability to breakdown hydrogen peroxide.

In this experiment, the variable affecting enzyme function is the temperature. By boiling the beef liver, which contains the enzyme catalase, the heat alters the enzyme's shape or denatures it, thereby inhibiting its ability to function and interact effectively with its substrate - hydrogen peroxide. Enzymes like catalase are proteins, and their functionality is deeply tied to their structure. When the structure is altered due to high temperatures as in this case, the enzyme loses its ability to catalyze the reaction - hence, no breakdown of hydrogen peroxide.

The factor affecting the enzyme's activity here - temperature - is what is referred to as an environmental condition that impacts enzymatic function, alongside others such as pH and substrate concentration.

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Answer:

Phenylketonuria results from the deficiency of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase

Explanation:

Phenylalanine hydroxylase converts phenylalanine to tyrosine. Deficiency of this enzyme leads to accumulation of phenylalanine leading to the disorder known as phenylketonuria

The given options do not match with the question.

Answer:

IACUCs ( An institutional animal care and use committee) may be defined as the federal regulations for the institutions in which the animals are used for the research and study purpose.

Some laws, regulations and rules are made for the committees so that they cannot use the animals brutally and illegally. The procedure that might result in the pain and distress in human being can cause same in other animals as well.

Answer:

The correct answers are options 1. "Monitoring deep tendon reflexes", 3. "Maintaining a dark, quiet environment", 4. "Using a pump to regulate the medication", and 5. "Having calcium gluconate available at the bedside".

Explanation:

The most common cause of a patient receiving magnesium sulfate is as a treatment for severe preeclampsia. The client and family teaching of magnesium sulfate must include learning about the interventions that are needed for this treatment, including:

- "Monitoring deep tendon reflexes". A signal of magnesium sulfate toxicity is the loss of deep tendon reflexes. These reflexes must be monitored for security reasons.

- "Maintaining a dark, quiet environment". The patient must be kept in a dark, quiet environment as neuromuscular stimulation must be limited.

- "Using a pump to regulate the medication". The doses of magnesium sulfate must be regulated to avoid toxicity, therefore an injection pump must be used.

- "Having calcium gluconate available at the bedside". Calcium gluconate is used to treat magnesium sulfate toxicity. This medication must be kept available at the bedside for any situation of emergency.

Answer:

The clusters of lymphatic nodules present in the inner lining of ileum is known as PEYER'S PATCH.

Explanation:

The lowest most part of the small intestine is known as ileum. In this part  of intestine lymph nodules are present. Lymph nodules are small patch of lymphoid tissue inside the inner lining of respiratory system and urinary system.

These are named on the name of anotomist Hans Conrad Peyer. It is oval/round in shape and present inner lining of intestine.

They play a prominent role in immunologic responses. Like other lymph organs contain B and T lymphocytes.

Answer: Seed Dormancy

Explanation:

In the last stages of seed maturation, the seed dehydrates and the embryo, which is surrounded by a food supply enters dormancy, that it stops growing and its metabolism nearly ceases. The embryo and it's food supply are enclosed by a hard protective seed coat formed from the integument of the ovule.

Dormancy is a condition of extremely low metabolic rate and suspension of growth and development.

Some seeds species as soon as they are in suitable environment. Others remain dormant, even if sown in a favorable place until an environmental cue causes them to break dormancy.

Answer:

Explanation:

A survivorship curve is the representation of the number of individuals at any given age.  The survivorship curve formed of three types which are: TypeI, Type II and Type III.

Type II survivorship curve is the curve formed for those species in which the mortality rate of the organism remains constant throughout their lifetime that is the death of the organism is not dependent on their age.

Although their mortality rate is independent of their age they are not able to survive their maximum lifespan due to predation and competition. Only 10% of organisms survive their maximum lifespan.

Thus, 10% is the correct answer.

Answer:

True

Explanation:

Occurrence of acute myocardial infarction (MI) along the right ventricle is a very common event.  

In general, left ventricular MI is caused along the inferior wall of the left ventricle while right ventricular MI is caused along the inferior wall of the right ventricle. The infraction in right ventricle is caused by the Proximal occlusion of right coronary artery leading to right-heart ischemia and in severe cases may lead to death due to acute inferior infarction

.