it D i mean u put it up
Keith, Paul, and Mike are three teenage boys from outside of Pittsburgh, PA, who have struggled to fit in with the other kids in athletics, as well as academically. They come from traditional blue-collar families and, based on socioeconomic status, would be considered low class. Mike, Paul, and Keith decide to steal a bunch of oranges from a market, and instead of eating them, throw them down the drain and waste them so that the store owner can feel their pain. This is a very malicious act and clearly is non-utilitarian. The theory that is best supported here would be ______.
the answer is: delinquent subculture
According to delinquent subculture, people who do criminal action tend to do so because they are conditioned to perceive the 'bad behaviors' as common or natural within their environment. Delinquent subculture often associated with sociopathy. People who are deep in such culture tend to have very little empathy toward others and often go out of their way in order to hurt them even if they gain nothing from it.
The scenario involving the boys' theft and waste of oranges may be best explained by theories such as status frustration theory, the concept of focal concerns, and Merton's strain theory, which all consider how socioeconomic factors and resulting subcultures can influence deviant behavior.
The theory that best supports the scenario described where Keith, Paul, and Mike commit a malicious and non-utilitarian act of stealing and wasting oranges might be explained by deviant subcultures. These subcultures are formed in response to socioeconomic disparities and often have different values compared to the mainstream culture. In this context, two theories that come to mind are the status frustration theory put forward by Albert K. Cohen and the concept of focal concerns by Walter Miller.
Cohen's status frustration theory suggests that lower-class boys may struggle with mainstream middle-class values, particularly in institutional settings like schools. Failure to conform and achieve success by these standards can lead to a decline in self-esteem and status, which they might seek to regain by joining gangs or participating in delinquency. Similarly, Walter Miller's theory posits that growing up in a subculture with values like taste for trouble, toughness, cleverness, and excitement can predispose boys to delinquency.
Another theory that could be considered here is Merton's strain theory, which posits that crime among the poor can stem from frustration arising from the inability to achieve economic success through legitimate means, although this theory is more economic-driven, it can provide a background for understanding some of the frustrations that may lead to criminal acts like the one described.
What is the clause of the constitution from which the implied powers of congress are derived?
I believe the answer is: Necessary and Proper Clause"
Necessary and Proper Clause give the congress with the ability to exercise the powers that are not explicitly stated in the constitution as long as they are deemed as necessary and proper for the government to achieve its goal.
From this, they create a list of implied powers which are not exist in constitution but are 'needed' in order for them to fulfill the duties that directly stated in the constitution. Examples of implied powers are government's ability to collect taxes and create government agencies.
Congress's implied powers are derived from the Necessary and Proper Clause in Article I, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution.
The clause of the U.S. Constitution from which the implied powers of Congress are derived is known as the Necessary and Proper Clause, or the Elastic Clause. It is found in Article I, Section 8, Clause 18. This clause grants Congress the authority to make all laws that are "necessary and proper" for carrying out its enumerated powers, which are specifically listed in the Constitution.
Implied powers are those not explicitly stated but are considered necessary to implement the Constitution’s expressed powers. For instance, while the Constitution does not specifically mention creating a national bank, Congress has the power to do so because it helps execute its enumerated powers like collecting taxes and regulating commerce.
The Necessary and Proper Clause has been pivotal in expanding the scope of Congressional authority, especially as new issues and technologies arise that weren't foreseen by the Founding Fathers.
The Rist research demonstrated that social class and not intellectual capability was the basis of how teachers assigned students to reading levels in kindergarten. True or false?
TRUE
The Rist Research demonstrated that social class and not intellectual capability was the basis of how teachers assigned students to reading levels in kindergarten.
Teachers were shown to reinforce social class in school reading groups by behaving differently towards different groups- these actions had domineering effects on the student's achievement.
Yes, the Rist research showed that social class was a key factor in how teachers assigned reading levels in kindergarten, with middle class students being favored as 'fast learners.'
The statement that the Rist research demonstrated that social class, rather than intellectual capability, was the basis of how teachers assigned students to reading levels in kindergarten is true. Ray Rist, in his socio-educational study, found that teachers' expectations, perceptions, and classroom organization were influenced by the socioeconomic status of their students, suggesting that children from middle class backgrounds were perceived as 'fast learners' and positioned to receive more attention and resources.
This early stratification based on social class could have a profound impact on students' educational trajectories, as it sets a precedent that follows them throughout their schooling. The self-fulfilling prophecy of these initial categorizations, according to Rist, could affect a child's self-perception and academic outcomes, potentially shaping their entire educational journey from as early as kindergarten.
Based on this cartoon from a British magazine, which statement is most likely true?
Hi! Please attach the cartoon if possible.
Answer:
The British believed the League of Nations could not succeed without the United States.
Explanation:
good luck
Why are laws alone insufficient to guide police actions in the area of searches and seizures?
Laws alone are insufficient as they provide a remarkable amount of discretion to the police. So, Courts are needed to provide a check and make sure that the police are appropriately using the enormous amount of discretion allocated to them.
How is population increase connected to improved food supplies and living conditions?
if population increases, there are more people to grow produce to sell. If the people have more produce to sell, they can make more money, and have better living conditions. Also, more people, more work, more work, more food, more food, less starvation, less starvation, better living conditions.
Jocelyn is a sophomore in college who is majoring in elementary education. She sought counseling at the advice of one of her professors, who feels that she is not suited for the teaching profession. During her first visit, Jocelyn stated that since she could remember, she has always preferred to stay at home and either read or watch movies by herself. She has no friends and no inclination to date. The therapist noted that the most striking aspect of Jocelyn's personality was the complete lack of emotion. She did not seem concerned or angered by her professor's suggestion that she should switch majors, and, in fact, Jocelyn appeared highly detached from the world. Jocelyn may have
Jocelyn may have an Emotional Detachment Disorder. Jocelyn shows signs of being detached from the world and a lack of emotional response to people, places, and situations. She prefers to be home alone, does not have any friends, nor does she have any romantic relationship.
Jocelyn may be experiencing challenges with her chosen career path due to her preference for solitude and lack of emotional engagement, which might indicate a psychological condition affecting her suitability for teaching.
Jocelyn who is majoring in elementary education and has displayed certain personality traits that prompted her professor to suggest a career change. Notably, Jocelyn has a preference for solitude, lacks emotional engagement in her situations, and seems highly detached from the world around her.
These traits may indicate a personality disorder or another psychological condition that could affect her suitability for her chosen profession. It is essential for individuals considering a career path to not only reflect on their interests and strengths but also to be mindful of any personal challenges that could impact their effectiveness in their chosen field. Exploring different majors or engaging further in counseling could aid Jocelyn in determining a career path that aligns with her characteristics and preferences.
Family is a term that is difficult to define. when studying sociology it is important to remember that:
Answer:
When studying sociology it is important to remember that family is the cell of society.
Explanation:
According to different Theorist and Sociologist Family is the base of the society. It is common to hear about it because is a fundamental topic to understand how society works. When an individual borns, is his family the first contact and interaction that he has. Family relationships in the first stages of life are decisve to know how that kid will interact with others later on.
Families are micro society in which children learns about values and coexistence. It depends on family if in the future we have good citizens ot not. That is the reason why family is the basic of the society, and so we have to ensure that our society is compose by good families.
Which option best completes the following sentence? Within an economy, ____________ and ____________ exchange goods and services.
A. producers / economists
B. consumers / producers
C. individuals / consumers
D. economists / individuals
The correct answer is - B. consumers/producers.
Within an economy, of any type, there's an exchange of goods and services between the producers and consumers. In order for something to get on the market someone has to produce it or provide it, be it a good or a service, and that good or service is used by someone, thus the consumers.
While the producers make certain thing, the consumers buy it or exchange it. Depending on the type of economy, it can be money in exchange for a good or service (which is the dominant type by far), or it can be a good for good, or a service for service, which has been a dominant type in the past, but not anymore.
The healing power of insight and self-awareness is LEAST likely to be emphasized by ________ therapists.
a. cognitive
b. psychoanalytic
c. behavior
d. humanistic
The answer is: C. Behavior
Behavioral therapists believe that both positive and negative behaviors are heavily influenced by the environment around us.
Rather than offering insight / self-awareness in order to treat psychological problems, they will put more focus on identifying which cause the negative behaviors within the patients' environment and remove it.
The healing power of insight and self-awareness is least likely to be emphasized by behavior therapists.
Explanation:The healing power of insight and self-awareness is least likely to be emphasized by behavioral therapists. When it comes to therapy approaches, cognitive, psychoanalytic, and humanistic therapists generally focus on promoting insight and self-awareness as part of the healing process.
However, behavior therapists tend to prioritize observable behaviors, learning principles, and the modification of maladaptive behaviors, rather than emphasizing self-exploration and self-reflection. Behavioral therapists often use techniques such as behavioral activation, exposure therapy, and contingency management to address specific behavioral problems and achieve positive change in individuals.
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One who is doubtful, who does not believe easily is:
skeptical
zealous
pessimistic
optimistic
The answer is skeptical
Answer:
Skeptical.
Explanation:
The answer is skeptical because when you doubt God and are in the middle, still thinking about if you believe or not. That is called being skeptical.
Which emperor spent so much on his wars that he had to declare bankruptcy four different times?
The correct answer is Phillip II of Spain.
King Phillip II of Spain was inept at managing finances and loved going to war. He had to declare Spain bankrupt four times.
THIS IS FOR PSYCHOLOGY ANSWER FOR BRAINLIEST
it wont let me open the pdf
Which statement about the origin of the major universalizing religions is correct? View Available Hint(s) Which statement about the origin of the major universalizing religions is correct? Universalizing religions were all founded within the last 500 years. Universalizing religions trace their origins to a prophet rather than to the first people. Universalizing religions form around a belief in ancient scriptures without a particular individual acknowledged as a founder. Universalizing religions believe that their founder was a god or was sent by God. Universalizing religions can be traced to the actions and teachings of an historical founder who was born and lived after the beginning of recorded history.
the answer is: Universalizing religions can be traced to the actions and teachings of a historical founder who was born and lived after the beginning of recorded history.
Religions have existed among humans since 300,000 BC (historians found strong evidence that early hunter-gatherer might worship the spirits of animals to protect their group)
But, the specifics characteristics about these religions cannot be fully traced and studied because we only have access to recorded history starting from 3,000 BC.
When the federal government orders firms to use particular methods to reduce pollution, it is said to be usingcommand-and-control policies. strong-arm tactics. global initiatives. market-based policies.
When the federal government orders firms to use particular methods to reduce pollution, it is said to be using command-and-control policies.
Command and control policy is a policy that relies on regulation. If there is regulation regarding pollution, there will likely be a positive change with pollution. The command and control command is also known as the CAC for regulating industry activities.
Command-and-control regulation and market-oriented tools are policies used by the federal government to mitigate pollution. Command-and-control dictates specific limits on pollution and the technologies to be used for that purpose. In contrast, market-oriented policies introduce incentives encouraging firms to reduce pollution within their means.
Explanation:The federal government employs both command-and-control policies and market-oriented tools to mitigate pollution. Command-and-control regulation mandates specific reductions or technological implementations firms must abide by to cut down pollution. These policies, however, have shortcomings including lack of motivation for exceeding the set limits, limited flexibility in deciding how to reduce pollution, and potential politically-driven exemptions.
Aside from command-and-control policies, market-oriented approaches also exist. These include pollution charges, marketable permits, and better-defined property rights. Unlike command-and-control regulation, market-oriented environmental policies introduce economic incentives aimed at encouraging firms to reduce emissions, providing them with some flexibility when negotiating pollution reduction.
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You are traveling between two places in the United States. One is located at 21°N, 158°W; the other is located at 61°N, 149°W. Due to a strike, all airline flights are canceled. What other form of transportation could you use?
car boat train sub anything praciarty
The alternative modes of transportation you could use to travel from Hawaii to Alaska, given the airline flights are canceled, are through a sea journey or a challenging road journey via the mainland United States and Canada.
Explanation:Considering the geographic coordinates given, you are traveling from a location in Hawaii (21°N, 158°W) to a location in Alaska (61°N, 149°W) within the United States. Since airline flights are canceled due to a strike, alternative modes of transportation to consider would be ocean travel via a ship or boat or, potentially, road journey through Canada. However, an ocean voyage would likely be the most realistic solution.
If considering a road journey, keep in mind it would be a long and intricate route, involving travel from Hawaii to the mainland USA by boat, then embarking on a comprehensive drive through parts of the mainland states, proceeding to drive through Canada and finally reaching Alaska. This trip would be considerably challenging, extended, and require thorough planning and preparations.
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What does delayed gratification have to do with retirement
Answer
Hi,
Delayed gratification applies in retirement in that it can allow a person to qualify for a higher social security payout.
Explanation
Delay of gratification is when a person resists the feeling of taking an immediate available reward while hoping to obtain a more-valued reward in the future. In this stand, one could argue that delayed gratification would make sense in retirement because the social security payout will last longer since it won’t be tapped until later. However, life is short thus another person won’t delay his retirement so long to get the time to enjoy it.
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His is the term used to describe a system of forced labor in which a person is considered to be the property of another person.
What is the full question? If this is it you are right. Forced labor means that you are being forced to work for an owner.
The bronze head of the oba of Benin is a landmark that a. illustrates the African mastery of casting metal. b. is probably a portrait. c. may demonstrate the effects of tribal scarification rituals.
The bronze head of the Oba of Benin is a landmark that "illustrates the African mastery of casting metal."
Who was Oba of Benin?Oba of Benin was the traditional king of the Edo people and all Edoid people. The generations of the first king now hold the title.
The sculpture of the Oba of Benin has a head made of bronze. The reason behind Oba of Benin having a bronze head is that it is the symbol of the Africans' mastery in casting of metals.
Therefore the correct option is a.
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The bronze head of the Oba of Benin is a significant landmark that represents several aspects of the Benin Kingdom's culture and art.
Explanation:The bronze head of the Oba of Benin is a significant landmark that represents several aspects of the Benin Kingdom's culture and art. The head is likely a portrait of the Oba, created to depict his idealized likeness in his youth. It exemplifies option A) the African mastery of casting metal, particularly bronze, which was used to create intricate and detailed sculptures and plaques.
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Ritual bloodletting was crucial to Maya rituals because A) it pleased their god Indra. B) the flow of blood terrified their enemies. C) it was associated with rain and agriculture. D) they had copied the technique from the earlier Aztecs. E) blood was considered taboo.
Ritual bloodletting was crucial to Maya rituals because:
A) it pleased their god Indra.
Ritual bloodletting was a crucial part of Ancient Mayan rituals because it served the purpose of helping them to communicate with the gods and their ancestors of nobility.
Professional intensive offenders, amateur intermittent offenders, and specific-objective offenders are three types of _______.
Correct answer: robbery.
Explanation: there are different kind of crimes, felonies and offenses. Robbery is the one that involves taking or the attempt to take somebody´s property by force or by putting the victim in fear. It´s a violent crime, it has a violent nature inherited (different from shop-lifting or burglary).
The characterization of the three types is the following:
Professional intensive offenders: have robbery as a lifestyle, they commit numerous offenses.Amateur intermittent offenders: they choose their victims randomly, mostly vulnerable ones (women, elderlies) with known profit potencials.Specific-objective offenders: they commit robbery to support a drug adiction or their gambling habits.Final answer:
Professional intensive offenders, amateur intermittent offenders, and specific-objective offenders are three types of criminals engaged in various illegal activities. These classifications are used by law enforcement and criminal psychologists to better understand and categorize the behavior patterns of individuals who commit crimes.
Explanation:
In the field of criminal justice, understanding the different types of offenders is crucial for implementing effective strategies for law enforcement and rehabilitation. Professional intensive offenders are those who engage in crime as their primary occupation, committing offenses regularly and often with a high degree of planning and sophistication. Amateur intermittent offenders tend to commit crimes on a more sporadic basis, usually due to opportunity or immediate need without the level of planning seen in professional criminals. Lastly, specific-objective offenders commit crimes with a particular goal in mind, such as stealing a specific item or targeting a particular victim, and may not engage in criminal activity beyond achieving their specific purpose.
These classifications help in developing targeted interventions and preventive measures. For example, professional offenders might require more intensive surveillance and investigative resources, while programs designed to deter amateur offenders might focus on reducing opportunities for crimes and increasing awareness of consequences. For specific-objective offenders, measures might involve addressing the underlying motivations or needs that drive their criminal behavior. Understanding these distinctions assists in policing and preventing crime, as well as tailoring rehabilitation programs to the needs of different offender types.
Charlotte is a 7-year-old girl who frequently witnesses her father's anger and physical abuse towards her mother. in her room, she is playing with her toys and begins to yell at them and hit them for "being so stupid and not having dinner ready." her behavior is a clear example of:
Lead by example syndrom, due too her fathers abuse of her mother she simply follows and pattern and thinks that is how you treat people who do not satisfy.
Which of the following statements about Lawrence Kohlberg's well-known "Heinz dilemma" is true? Kohlberg emphasized that it is the way an individual reasons about the dilemma, not the content of the response, that determines moral maturity. Given a choice between obeying the law and preserving individual rights, the most advanced moral thinkers focus on avoidance of punishment as a reason for behaving morally. Kohlberg emphasized that it is the content of the response that determines moral maturity. Kohlberg noted that females more than males tended to emphasize obeying the law over the value of human life.
The following statements about Lawrence Kohlberg's well-known "Heinz Dilemma" is true:
Kohlberg emphasized that it is the content of the response that determines moral maturity.
Kohlberg believed that moral maturity develops on a spectrum between obedience (most immature response) and universal human ethics (most mature response). A response in favor of human ethics shows the most moral maturity.
Final answer:
Kohlberg emphasized reasoning over response content in moral maturity, and the most advanced moral thinkers consider ethical principles above the avoidance of punishment. (First option)
Explanation:
Lawrence Kohlberg's well-known "Heinz dilemma" is employed to understand moral development by analyzing the reasoning behind moral decisions rather than the decisions themselves.
True to this approach, Kohlberg emphasized that it is the way an individual reasons about the dilemma, not the content of the response, that determines moral maturity.
This progression of moral understanding evolves from pre-conventional motives, like avoiding punishment or pursuing individual interest, to conventional norms that uphold law and social order, and potentially to post-conventional morals centered on universal human ethics and rights.
Regarding gender differences, Kohlberg initially suggested that women may not advance as far in moral development as men; however, this aspect of his theory was challenged by Carol Gilligan, who argued that men and women reason differently about moral issues, with women integrating concerns about relationships and connectedness into their moral reasoning.
Consequently, Kohlberg's research indicates that the most advanced moral thinkers would not focus on avoidance of punishment but on ethical principles like the inherent value of human life. Also, he did mention that males more than females appear to move past conventional moral reasoning, but that viewpoint has been critically evaluated by subsequent researchers like Gilligan.
According to the Focus on Neuroscience box, “Boosting the Aging Brain,” aerobic exercise in older adults improved their _____ and increased the volume of their _____.
The answer is: A. memory; hippocampus
Based on research with around 120 test subjects, those who do a regular aerobic exercise tend to have experience a growth in their hippocampus by around 2%. Along with the increase in volume, the working capacity of this area of the brain also improved. ( This include their verbal memory and spatial learning)
Aerobic exercise in older adults enhances cognitive function and increases the volume of the hippocampus, which is associated with memory and learning.
According to the Focus on Neuroscience box, "Boosting the Aging Brain," aerobic exercise in older adults improved their cognitive function and increased the volume of their hippocampus. Research indicates that regular aerobic exercise increases blood flow and oxygen availability to the brain, promotes the growth of new brain cells (neurogenesis), and enhances the brain's neural pathways. These physiological changes can lead to improvements in memory retention, information processing, and overall cognition, which are particularly beneficial for the aging brain where a decline in cognitive abilities is often observed.
Unity communications corp. resold phone services provided by cingular pursuant to a reseller agreement that included an arbitration clause. unity sued cingular in federal district court, alleging breach of contract. the parties engaged in pretrial activity, and cingular filed a motion for summary judgment regarding a letter agreement between unity and cingular. the district court denied the motion for summary judgment, and on appeal the fifth circuit affirmed the district court's decision. on remand before the district court, cingular moved the court to compel arbitration. the district court ruled that cingular had waived its right to arbitration by participating in the litigation and waiting three years to raise the arbitration argument. do you think the appellate court agreed? why? [unity communications corp. v. cingular wireless, 256 fed. app. 679 (5th cir. 2007).]
In Unity Communications Corp vs. Cingular Wireless, Cingular may have forfeited their right to pursue arbitration by actively participating in litigation before pursuing that option. This doesn't always hold true as circumstances depend on specific case details and legislations. A similar telecoms case saw AT&T and BellSouth argue a proposed merger would benefit consumers, despite fears of reduced competition.
Explanation:In the case of Unity Communications Corp. v. Cingular Wireless, the appellate court, the Fifth Circuit, might have agreed with the district court's decision. Cingular participated actively in the litigation and waited three years before raising the argument for arbitration.
It is a widely accepted legal principle that a party may be considered to have waived their right to arbitration if they have since engaged extensively in litigation.
However, each case varies depending on the particular facts and the legislation applying in each jurisdiction. In one notable incident related to the telecoms industry, AT&T and BellSouth proposed a merger.
They argued that consumers would benefit from better services at cheaper prices due to economies of scale and eliminated duplicate investments. Nevertheless, this argument was met with resistance, primarily from consumer rights groups fearing reduced competition and increased prices.
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The Roman Catholic position on abortion incorporates
a. A prohibition against indirect killing of the unborn
b. The doctrine of double effect
c. The doctrine of practical utility
d. An endorsement of therapeutic abortion
The Roman Catholic position on abortion incorporates:
b. The doctrine of double effect
The doctrine of double effect is the belief of doing something morally “good” has a bad offshoot that it is still “okay” and not offensive.
The Roman Catholic position on abortion incorporates the doctrine of double effect. Thus, option (b) is correct.
Roman Catholic it is appropriate to take a course of action that will have both beneficial and detrimental outcomes, one must follow the idea of double effect.
According to the principle, if the following requirements are satisfied, an action that has both positive and negative effects is acceptable: the action itself must be positive or neutral; the positive effect must be meant; the negative effect must not be intended; and the positive effect must be proportional to the negative effect.
Therefore, option (b) is correct.
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The Great European Plain is known for its _
The correct answer is - fertile soil.
The Great European Plain, also referred to as the Russian Plain, is dominated by lowlands, naturally covered with dense grasses, and is known for its fertile soil. Most of the soil in this large plain is has very rich and deep upper, humus layer. The reason for this is that the grasses that grow their die out each year, and as they die out they decompose very quickly, giving the soil a new layer of decomposed biomass each year.
Because of the properties of the soil, this the region of Europe that is heavily used for farming, mostly crops like the wheat, hops, and corn. The conditions are excellent for them, they do not take a lot of the soil, and also contribute to keeping the soil very fertile constantly with their decomposing roots and steams.
The correct answer is - fertile soil.
In complete sentences, explain two reasons why the Federal Reserve is made up of system of banks spread across the country.
The Federal Reserve System was created in the early 1900s in an effort to decentralize the central bank. The founders did not want one central bank located in New York or Washington, DC, so they formed a system with 12 district banks. The second reason for the Federal Reserve System was that communication and transportation were much slower and less efficient than today. In an effort to maintain control and offer assistance to member banks, it was necessary to disperse Federal Reserve facilities across the country.
Final answer:
The Federal Reserve is made up of a system of banks across the country to mitigate central authority control and to provide region-specific economic support, balancing federal oversight with regional autonomy and local economic needs.
Explanation:
Two reasons why the Federal Reserve is made up of a system of banks spread across the country are due to historical distrust of centralized authority, and the need to support local economies with a regionally responsive approach. Firstly, the structure of the Federal Reserve System was influenced by widespread distrust of centralized authority, leading to a dispersed system to avoid concentration of power. Each of the 12 Federal Reserve Districts operates with a degree of autonomy, although their activities are overseen by a Board of Governors, to maintain a balance between federal and local control. Secondly, the dispersed system allows for the Federal Reserve Banks to better address the economic conditions and needs of their respective regions, supporting commercial banks and managing economic activity more effectively at a local level.
The Federal Reserve System thus includes both federally appointed leaders and private-sector appointed leaders through a unique structure that leverages the strengths of centralized oversight and regional responsiveness.
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The climate region labeled with the number one on the map above is the __________ region.
A.
Mediterranean
B.
humid subtropical
C.
marine west coast
D.
humid continental
The answer is (C) marine west coast
The correct option is c. marine west coast
why do sand dunes reduce erosion A. they cause the tides to go higher. B. they cause waves to break offshore. C. the roots of dune plants hold sand in place. D. they prevent people from walking on the beach
B. They cause waves to break offshore.
Explanation;Sand dunes are landforms that develop where there is an adequate supply of sand and where prevailing winds are strong enough for sand movement to occur.Sand dunes are a natural barrier to the destructive forces of wind and waves. They are first line of defense against coastal storms and beach erosion. They absorb the impact of storm surge and high waves, preventing or delaying flooding of inland areas and damage to inland structures.