who were the contributing scientists that discovered how muscle contraction worked​

Answer:

Lorenzo is not correct because xenon is a noble gas which is nonreactive or inert.

Explanation:

The reactivity of nonmetals  increases when moving from left to right in the periodic table. They have a high attraction for electrons and tend to gain electrons. The most reactive nonmetal element is fluorine. Noble gases are the least reactive because they have the most stable arrangement of electrons (eight valence electrons). So they rarely react with other elements. So the prediction that xenon will be more reactive than iodine is incorrect.

Answer:

Lorenzo is not correct. Nonmetals increase in reactivity from left to right because nonmetals on the right have more valence electrons. They need to gain fewer electrons to have a full outer shell. However, this trend only continues until group 17, because the noble gases already have a full outer shell. Therefore, their reactivity is the least of all the elements.

Explanation:

t was already answerd i just wanted to answer too

Answer:

C

Explanation:

It is an amino acid that cannot be produced by the body. It must be obtained from eating certain foods.

Discovery of structure of DNA by Franklin and Watson and Crick.

Explanation:

Rosalind Franklin was researching about DNA structure at the King’s College at London based on x-ray diffraction studies; while, Crick and Watson were researching on the same at the Cambridge University based on Linus Pauling discovery of proteins.

Once when Watson happen to listen to Franklin’s lecture upon DNA structure and how it depends on relative humidity of the air and other facts relating to DNA; he along with Crick made physical DNA models which became a big failure.

Later, Franklin found that a wet form of DNA with high humidity had a helix like structure. This point became the base of later discovery of Watson and Crick’s double helix model of DNA along with the discovery of DNA molecules being made up of double chain of nucleotides.

Rosalind Franklin was a chemist, who discovered X-ray diffraction and a key role in determining the structure of the DNA molecule.

The discoveries of Franklin and Watson and Crick on DNA are:

Thus, Watson and Crick used the information given by Franklin to discover the properties of DNA.

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Answer:

C. Intrusive rocks cool more slowly, which produces larger crystals

Explanation:

Intrusive rocks are igneous rocks that form beneath the surface. Unlike extrusive rocks (rocks that form above the surface), intrusive rocks cool down more slowly, so this allows crystals more time to grow before they completely cool down and solidify.

The crystals in intrusive rocks are larger than the crystals in extrusive rocks because intrusive rocks cool more slowly.

When comparing intrusive rocks to extrusive rocks, you would expect the crystals in intrusive rocks to be larger. This is because intrusive rocks cool more slowly compared to extrusive rocks. The slower cooling rate allows for more time for the crystals to grow, resulting in larger crystal grains in the rock.

Final answer:

A scientist can identify if a muscle is skeletal, cardiac, or smooth by observing the striations and nuclei arrangement under a light microscope. Striated and multinucleated fibers indicate skeletal muscle, striated with single nuclei are cardiac muscle, and non-striated indicates smooth muscle.

Explanation:

A scientist using a light microscope to observe muscle tissue can identify whether the muscle moved the skeleton, the heart, or other types of internal organs by analyzing its cellular structure and organization. This is because muscle tissue is classified into three distinct types based on structure and function: skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle.

Skeletal muscle tissue has a distinctive striated appearance due to the regular arrangement of actin and myosin contractile proteins in the cytoplasm of the muscle fibers, which appears as stripes, or striations, visible under high magnification. These muscle fibers are also multinucleated structures, which is another distinguishable feature. In contrast, smooth muscle does not display striations and is not multinucleated. Cardiac muscle tissue, like skeletal muscle, has striations but differs in that cardiac muscle fibers typically have a single nucleus and are connected in a pattern that allows the heart to contract as one unit.

Therefore, by identifying the presence of striations and the arrangement and number of nuclei, a scientist can determine if a muscle is skeletal, indicating it moves the skeleton, cardiac if it moves the heart, or smooth if it is involved in moving internal organs not under voluntary control.

Answer:

The source of pollution that decreases the oxygen level of water are plant fertilizer and animal manure.

Explanation:

Plant fertilizer that is applied in the agricultural field when enter into the water body, causes water pollution which increases minerals into the water body and animal manure contain raw material which causes eutropication that means increase algal bloom. This indirectly  decreases oxygen availability into the water body.

Plant fertilizer and animal manure are the sources of pollution which decrease the oxygen level of water.

This is the introduction of contaminants or foreign bodies into the environment.

Plant fertilizer and animal manure leads to eutrophication and algal bloom as a result of the minerals present thereby decreasing the oxygen level.

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Answer:

false

Explanation:

Penicillin prevents peptidoglycan from cross-linking properly in the last stages of bacterial cell wall synthesis. This greatly weakens the cell wall and causes the bacterium to lyse, or burst open, because of osmotic pressure. Penicillin is bactericidal because it directly kills bacteria.

Answer:

C green plants

Explanation:

plants use CO2 from the atmosphere in order to synthesize organic compunds like glucose in the dark reactions of the photosynthesis(Calvin cycle)

Answer:

c

Explanation:

Answer:

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have striking similarities to bacteria cells. They have their own DNA, which is separate from the DNA found in the nucleus of the cell. And both organelles use their DNA to produce many proteins and enzymes required for their function.

Explanation:

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are unique because they have their own DNA and are thought to have originated from ancient symbiotic relationships.

Mitochondria are double-membraned organelles found in eukaryotic cells. They are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell due to their role in energy production. Mitochondria are responsible for generating adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the molecule that serves as the primary energy currency of the cell.

Mitochondria have their own DNA, separate from the cell's nuclear DNA, and can replicate independently through a process similar to bacterial binary fission. This suggests that mitochondria have an evolutionary origin as free-living bacteria that formed a symbiotic relationship with early eukaryotic cells.

The inner membrane of mitochondria contains various protein complexes involved in cellular respiration, a series of biochemical reactions that convert nutrients into ATP. These reactions occur in specialized structures called cristae, which increase the surface area available for energy production.

Mitochondria also play roles in calcium signaling, regulation of cell death processes, and other cellular functions beyond energy production. Their presence varies in different cell types, with higher concentrations in cells that require substantial energy, such as muscle cells.

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Answer:

A

Explanation:

People may have different ideas of what is right or not.

Ethics is an important area of biotechnology. The ethical standards vary because people may have different ideas of what is right or not. The correct option is A.

Ethics is a branch of philosophy. It deals with the concept of right and wrong. What is good behavior and what is bad behavior is told by ethics. It also contains the regulation of life and living a good life.

In biotechnology, there are many things that work for mankind. This branch increases the facilities for life and decreases the rate of diseases. Ethics is important in the field of biotechnology because people may want to do such things that can harm humanity.

So with ethics, only such things are discovered that are good or humanity, and that increase the chances of peace and survival in humans.

Thus, the correct option is A. People may have different ideas of what is right or not.

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Answer:

The nucleus contains the cell ‘s DNA and directs the synthesis of ribosomes and proteins.

Found within the nucleoplasm, the nucleolus is a condensed region of chromatin where ribosome synthesis occurs.

Chromatin consists of DNA wrapped around histone proteins and is stored within the nucleoplasm.

Ribosomes are large complexes of protein and ribonucleic acid (RNA) responsible for protein synthesis when DNA from the nucleus is transcribed.

Explanation:

The cell nucleus produces new mRNAs that will be used as templates for protein synthesis in the ribosomes.

In conclusion, the cell nucleus produces new mRNAs that will be used as templates for protein synthesis in the ribosomes.

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Answer:

The size of our brains has increased since we became tools users.

Answer:

c

Explanation:

Final answer:

During photosynthesis, plants convert the radiant energy of sunlight into chemical energy, which is stored in the form of glucose. This chemical energy is transferred to animals when they consume plant materials.

Explanation:

The radiant energy in sunlight is crucial for plants to perform photosynthesis, a fundamentally important biological process. During photosynthesis, plants absorb solar energy and use it to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. This process involves the transformation of light energy into chemical potential energy, which is stored in the chemical bonds of glucose and other carbohydrates. Animals then consume these plants or plant-derived products to obtain this chemical energy, which is released during digestion.

Therefore, to answer the student's question:

The radiant energy of the Sun is converted into chemical energy by the plants. Option a. Sunlight is converted into chemical energy by plants; this energy is released when we digest food, which is the correct completion of the statement.

Answer:

BDAC

Explanation:

Cephalization is the evolutionary trend of concentrating nervous tissue, forming a centralized 'head'. In the human context, it refers to 'encephalization', or an evolutionary increase in the size of the brain relative to body size.

In simple terms, Cephalization is the evolutionary trend where the nervous tissue, over many generations, becomes concentrated towards one end of an organism. This process forms a head region with centralized control functions like the brain and sensory organs. With respect to humans, it refers to the evolutionary increase in the size of the brain relative to body size - a phenomenon known as encephalization.

Organisms display different degrees of cephalization, largely connected to their complexity and mode of life. For example, in humans and other primates, a significant part of this process was encephalization, or the increase in brain size over time relative to body size. This is measured using the encephalization quotient, which is the ratio between actual brain weight and expected brain weight for an animal of a given size. This ratio has increased over time, reflecting our increased cognitive complexity.

The development and shape of the brain can also be studied using endocranial casts - molds of the inside of the braincase that give us insight into brain volume. This provides a rough estimate of brain size, allowing us to trace the process of encephalization in human evolution.

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Answer:

d cap and trade

Explanation:

Question:

Which of the following aids in the weathering and transportation of rocks?

A. wind

B. clouds

C. sunlight

D. all of these

Answer:

Winds aids in the weathering and transportation of rocks

Explanation:

Weathering is process of break down of the rocks, and then it gets dissolved into small  pieces by the means of physical, physiological, chemical or also biological process. Transport of these particles helps in the completion of the process, this leads to the movement of the materials from one place to another. Basically the erosion takes place by, water wind and ice. Hence two types of weathering have been reported like mechanical and chemical.  

An autotroph is an organism that can produce its own food. An example would be plants because they use sunlight, air, and water to make their own food which is the process defined as photosynthesis. This is the process where plants soak up the water through the roots. Also, some bacteria produce their own food to live as well. It's important to understand that photosynthesis is not the only way that organisms can produce their own food. They can also produce their own food by something called chemosynthesis.

Convergent plate boundaries are where tectonic plates collide forming mountains, valleys, and volcanoes. Ridges, however are formed at divergent plate boundaries where plates pull apart.

In the field of plate tectonics, convergent plate boundaries are areas where two tectonic plates move towards each other. This movement can result in the creation of various geological features such as mountains, valleys, and volcanoes. However, the creation of ridges is typically associated with divergent plate boundaries, where two tectonic plates move apart. Therefore, the correct answer to your question is A) ridges, as convergent plate movement does not typically create ridges.

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Answer:

Option B is correct: 235 92U + 1 0n→ 140 55Cs + 94 37Rb + 2 (1 0n)

Explanation:

During nuclear fission, nucleus of an atom splits into smaller parts. The fission process produces free neutrons and photons, and releases a large amount of energy.

In these four reactions, only B option satisfied the conditions of a nuclear fission reaction. Here is more detail

B. 235 92U + 1 0n → 140 55Cs + 94 37Rb + 2 (1 0n)

235 92U atoms split into 140 55Cs and 94 37Rb smaller parts with the help of neutron (energy).

The other three reactions are the example of nuclear transmutation reactions.

A. 14 7N + 1 1H → 15 8O

C. 9 4Be + 4 2He → 12 6C + 1 0n

D. 239 93Np + 239 94Pu + 0 -1e

Answer:

The energy in glucose is stored primarily in the carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds. In fact, anything with carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds stores energy. Other common examples include gasoline, coal, and fat.

Explanation:

Answer:

The energy stored in glucose is starch and glycogen.

Explanation:

Okay so you get glucose from sugar then that is then stored in to as a starch or like glycogen.

Hi

Before answering the question, we need to understand the fact that there are some abiotic and biotic factors which affect the growth and development of plants, for example sunlight, wind, heat, presence of certain beneficial insects, bacteria etc. Although the height of plant is determined by its genetics mainly, however the effects of external factors cannot be ignored since they highly affect a plant's development.

Q 1( (a) Identify THREE Biotic or Abiotic factors that could differ at high and low elevations and cause the difference in plant height

In this question, we are asked about two plants of same specie which grow with different heights at low and high elevations. If we think about the abiotic factors of mountain, we know that thee are certain factors which differ at low and high elevation). These are:  

1: Concentration of Oxygen: Oxygen is low in concentration at high elevations and high in concentration in low areas. As we know oxygen is important for plant growth and development, therefore, oxygen a plenty of oxygen in lower elevations help plant to gain good and genetically pre-determined height.

2: Temperature: Temperature varies greatly at high and low elevations, In high elevated areas the temperature is lesser as compared to low elevations. Just like oxygen, temperature is also a key factor that controls the development of plant, a good temperature helps the plant to reach its genetically predetermined height.

3: Water: In hilly regions, water do not accumulate at the mountain tops and runs down from top to the bottom elevations of the hills, therefore more water is accumulated in lower elevations as compared to high elevated regions. Just like oxygen, water is also a key factor that controls the development of plant, a good amount of water helps the plant to reach its genetically predetermined height and therefore, plants in region of lower elevations grow taller because the regions receive more water.

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2: (b) Using one of the factors listed in part (a) as an independent variable, write a hypothesis that proposes how this variable could cause the difference in plant height at high and low elevations.

If we talk about Independent variables, these are the factors that are varied or changed in an experiment as per our wish because we want to see the effect of this change on dependent variable (the other one that is being studied). We select Independent variable as water here and dependent variable as Plant height that is affected by change in water concentration. Now we propose the hypothesis:

Hypothesis: The more water concentrations can enhance the height of a plant as compared to a plant given lower quantities of water.

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3: (c) You are given seeds for this species of plant. Design a procedure for a controlled experiment to test your hypothesis.

Now we take water as an independent variable and grow the plant seeds in green house in same pots, same temperature, same light intensity but only difference is the concentrations or quantities of water we give them daily. This will tell us, whether change in water quantities change the heights of plants or not. This sort of experiment is called a controlled experiment in which some factors are altered and others remain same.

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4: (d) Describe the results that would support your proposed hypothesis, and the results that would refute your hypothesis.

Positive results: Suppose that we see a clear difference i heights of the plants grown with lower quantities of water (They are short) and higher quantities of water (They are tall). This is a positive and significant result which tells us that actually water is the factor which is responsible for altered plant heights at lower and higher elevations respectively.

Negative results: On the other hand, If height of both plant groups (grown in different water quantities) is same, it means that there is no remarkable difference between the plant heights and water is not a controlling factor, which refutes our hypothesis.

Hope it helps!

Answer:

A. Three biotic/abiotic factors responsible for plant height

Justification:

- At higher elevations, low temperature reduces the plant growth significantly. Further, it has been well-established that temperature significantly impacts the expression of genes. In the presence of a cooler atmosphere, the plant height is expected to decrease.

- The availability of water at the top of the mountain is lesser because most of the water will flow down the hill. Therefore, it will affect the water content in the soil, thus affecting nutrients availability and soil quality parameters as well (total organic carbon, microbial activities, etc.). On the other hand, at lower elevations, there will be more water available for plant growth and nutrients bioavailability.

- At higher elevations, the wind/air pressure would be high compared to the lower elevations. Thus, the plants at higher elevations will often fall down and only smaller height plants will survive better.

- Biogeochemical transformation or high turn over of the soil ingredients is better expected at lower elevations due to the combined action of all of the abovementioned conditions. Briefly, microbial activities will be fast in the presence of high temperature, high moisture content and low wind pressure. The food will be abundantly available for microbes and their high turn over will increase the soil quality. This will ultimately impact the growth of the plants.

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B. Hypothesis to test: Increasing the temperature of the soil obtained from elevations would improve the microbial activities thus supporting the bioavailability of nutrients, which are necessary for the plant growth (N, P, K).

N=Nitrogen, P=Phosphorus, K=Potassium

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C. Soil will be obtained from the top of mountains (high elevations) for plant growth study. The changes in topsoil would improve plant growth in the presence of nutrients. Different treatments could be

------------

D. Expected results:

Improving temperatures for soil obtained from higher elevations would improve biological activities. The nutrients (N, P, K) bioavailability will be increased and the growth of plants would be improved. Also, the relative proportion of total microbial counts (tested via 16S sequencing) will be high after improvement in temperature. Thus, the study would support that temperature is a crucial and driving factor for plant growth, which indirectly affects the microbial biogeochemical cycles and affect the soil quality.

Answer: C and E

Hope this helps!!

Answer:

c and e

Explanation:

The "brain" of the cell.

The main function of the cell nucleus is to control gene expression and mediate the replication of DNA during the cell cycle. The nucleus is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Inside its fully enclosed nuclear membrane, it contains the majority of the cell's genetic material.

its obviously not child labor or economy based because those have nothing to do with the environment so its the other three.

Answer:

-degrades vegetation

-increases soil erosion

-creates competition for water

Explanation:

There are many environmental impacts caused by mining, economic and industrial activity that consists in the research, exploration, extraction and processing of ores present in underground deposits. The same is true of mining for materials used in smart devices. This human activity destroys nature and creates very damaging ecological imbalances that diminishes the quality of life not only for humans but for all living beings.

Mining causes pollution of water resources by decreasing the amount of drinking water and increasing competition for water in some places. In addition, it causes soil degradation through erosion and causes loss of diversity by degrading vegetation and animal life.

Answer:

The most likely exponential growth is The mold growing in a moist bathroom that is never cleaned

Explanation:

Exponential growth happens due to increase in number as well as in size of individual per unit time. Exponential growth also seen to be supporting the reproduction cycle and larger pool of individuals for the coming cycle. It is also being affected with the availability of food and predation, these two factor can become threat to mold growth. The food availability is ought to be limiting factor for growth of mold. Here, the growth of molds in moist condition as well as when the bathroom is never cleaned, it simply means the ample amount of food availability for growth of molds. Therefore this example supports the exponential growth.

The population that is most likely to have exponential growth is the mold growing in a moist bathroom that is never cleaned. This is due to the conducive environment that offers a continuous supply of resources and lacks limitations for reproduction and growth.

The population most likely to have exponential growth is the mold growing in a moist bathroom that is never cleaned (Option A). Exponential growth occurs when the growth rate of a biological population is proportional to the size of the population. In a favorable environment with abundant resources and minimal limitations, the population can grow continuously, leading to a J-shaped growth curve, typical of exponential growth. For instance, mold in a consistently moist and unclean bathroom would have ample food and space, allowing a breeding ground for fast reproduction and growth, resulting in exponential increase. In contrast, other options involve nutrient competition, predation, or other limiting factors preventing exponential growth.

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The correct evidence statements for explaining the relationship among carbon, amino acids, and proteins are:

b. Proteins are polymers made up of amino acids.

d. Amino acids are monomers made up mostly of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen.

Here's why these statements are correct:

b. This statement accurately describes the fundamental relationship: amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. Proteins are formed by linking numerous amino acids together in chains through peptide bonds.

d. This statement highlights the composition of amino acids, which are indeed organic molecules primarily composed of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen. This foundation in carbon establishes the connection between amino acids and the element itself.

Incorrect statements:

a. This statement reverses the relationship. Amino acids are the monomers, not the polymers.

c. While both proteins and amino acids contain carbon atoms, this statement alone doesn't explain the specific relationship between them. Many other molecules also contain carbon but aren't related to protein and amino acid composition.

Therefore, only statements b and d provide relevant and accurate evidence for explaining the connection between carbon, amino acids, and proteins.

Answer:

disease , to effect agriculture

Explanation:

to control the acid in the industry

Answer:

See Explanations for answer

Explanation:

The social studies practice tests provide teachers and students with items that mirror the kinds of questions that

appear on the LEAP 2025 Social Studies assessments. To illustrate how the assessment reflects the Department’s

vision for social studies and to support teachers in their use of the practice tests, this document contains a sample of

annotated items from the LEAP 2025 Social Studies Practice Tests for grades 3-8. The annotations describe the

purpose and reasoning represented in the selected items. For additional information about the practice tests, please

see the LEAP 2025 Social Studies Practice Test Guidance.

 Grade 3

 Grade 4

 Grade 5

 Grade 6

 Grade 7

 Grade 8

SOCIAL STUDIES VISION

To be productive members of society, students must be critical consumers of the information they read, hear, and

observe. To develop and express informed opinions, they need to examine and evaluate information from an array of

sources and connect that information with their background knowledge. To understand how events happen and why

people act in certain ways, students must also make connections between what happened in the past and what is

occurring in the present. To accomplish this, students must

 use sources regularly to learn content;

 make claims that demonstrate connections among people, events, and ideas across time and place; and;

 express informed opinions using evidence from sources and outside knowledge.

Simply stated, students must delve deeply into content so that they are able to develop and support claims about

social studies concepts.

Answer:

The burning of fossil fuels produces gases like sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide which trap the sun's heat radiations and increase the overall temperature of the Earth. So the answers are A & B.

Explanation:

Global warming is caused by burning fossil fuels. The carbon dioxide produced as a result captures the heat in the surrounding atmosphere and causes a rise in temperature. Recently, it has been observed that the glaciers are melting and each year the net temperature of the core of the Earth is increasing.

The other gas produced is sulphur dioxide which is responsible for the acid rain. The sulphur dioxide combines with water to form sulphuric acid which causes damage to buildings and people. E.g Taj Mahal, in India is getting corroded by acid rain.

The burning of fossil fuels increases levels of gases that retain the sun's heat and increases levels of particulate matter.

Fossil fuels are different types of fuels made from dead plants and animals that decomposed over geological time.

In conclusion, the burning of fossil fuels increases levels of gases that retain the sun's heat and increases levels of particulate matter.

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Answer:

Rooster: BB         Hen: WW

Explanation:

Let's assign B for Black and W for White.

The scenario states that the chance that the offspring will be checkered is 100%. This means that both black and white are expressed at the same time. This phenomenon is called INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE. This happens when one of the alleles do not completelt mask the other, so instead of getting the trait of one of the parents, a new type of phenotype is formed.

The only way for the offsprings to ALL turn out checkered is if the parents were homozygous for their specific traits. So look at the Punnet below:

      W     W

B   BW   BW

B   BW   BW

Both are homozygous dominant because if either of the color were recessive, it would be masked.

Answer:

BB,WW

Explanation: