Why are the optimum conditions for the Haber process a temperature of 450°C and pressure of 200 atmospheres?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

See explanation.

Explanation:

Hello,

Haber process is defined as the widely acknowledged productive process of ammonia by the reaction:

[tex]N_2(g)+3H_2(g)\rightleftharpoons 2NH_3(g)[/tex]

Which is carried out in gaseous phase. Thus, by means of the Le Chatelier's principle, it is possible to know that its standard enthalpy of reaction is -45.90 kJ/mol (NIST webbook) for which it is an exothermic chemical reaction, for that reason less ammonia will be produced at high temperature, nonetheless, the temperature should not be too low since the reaction rate significantly decrease, therefore, the optimum found temperature is 450 °C.

Moreover, since there are more moles (3+1=4) at the reactants and less moles at the products (2), increasing the pressure of the reaction increases the yield of ammonia, nonetheless, higher pressures involve the purchasing of more expensive equipment to withstand the high-pressures, for that reason, the best found pressure has been set as 200 atm.

Best regards.

Answer 2

Answer:

Lower temperature and higher pressure favours the forward reaction in the Haber process

Explanation:

The equation of the Haber process for the production of ammonia is;

3H2(g) + N2(g) ⇄2NH3(g)

The Haber process involves the combination of hydrogen gas and nitrogen gas in a ratio of 3:1.

In the Haber process, the forward reaction is exothermic, hence the reverse reaction is endothermic. The implication of this is, as temperature is increased, the position of equilibrium moves to the left, and the yield of ammonia decreases. Decrease in temperature will favour the forward reaction. Hence the process is operated at a lower temperature of 450°C.

Secondly, the total number of volumes on the reactant side is 4 volumes whereas the total number of volumes on the product side is 2 volumes. Increase in pressure will favour the direction producing a lesser total volume. Hence increasing the pressure to about 200 atmospheres will favour the forward reaction thus more ammonia is produced


Related Questions


Calculate the percent yield for the reaction above if 25.0 grams of
H2SO4 was actually produced and the theoretical yield was predicted to be 42.0 grams. (% yield = Actual/ theoretical x 100)
SO3(g) + H200 H2SO4(9)
O 59.5
O 168
O 0.595
O 1.68​

Answers

Answer:

A. 59.5

Explanation: actual divided by theoretical times 100 equals percent yield so 25/42 times 100 is 59.5 ish



One side of a cube is 5 cm long. What is the cube's volume?

5

15

25

125​

Answers

Answer: 125

Explanation: volume is l x w x h and if its a cube then length, width and the height will be the same so its just 5 x 5 x 5

The answer is 125 be you have to multiply 5 by it self 3 times

What is the electron configuration of a potassium ion when it has formed an ionic bond with a bromine ion?
A. [2.8.2]-
B. [2.8.8]-
C. [2.8.8]+
D. [2.8]+

Answers

The answer is A right

A. [2.8.2]- exists the electron configuration of a potassium ion when it contains created an ionic bond with a bromine ion.

What is Electron configurations?

Electronic configuration, also named electronic structure, is the arrangement of electrons in energy levels about an atomic nucleus. According to the older shell atomic model, electrons occupy several groups from the first shell nearest the nucleus, K, through the seventh shell, Q, distant from the nucleus.

Electron configurations exist as the summary of where the electrons are around a nucleus

A. [2.8.2]- exists the electron configuration of a potassium ion when it contains created an ionic bond with a bromine ion.

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Determine whether each substance will sink or float in corn syrup, which has a density of 1.36 g/cm3. Write “sink” or “float” in the blanks. Gasoline:  Water:  Honey:  Titanium: 

Answers

Answer:

Here's what I get

Explanation:

A substance with ρ < 1.36 g/cm⁻³ will float on corn syrup.

A substance with ρ > 1.36 g/cm⁻³ will sink in corn syrup

[tex]\begin{array}{rrr}\textbf{Substance} & \mathbf{\rho/g\cdot \textbf{cm}^{-3}}& \textbf{Sink/Float}\\\text{Gasoline} & 0.75 & \text{Float}\\\text{Water} & 1.00 & \text{Float}\\\text{Corn syrup} & 1.36 & -\\\text{Honey} & 1.42 & \text{Sink}\\\text{Titanium} & 4.54 & \text{Sink}\\\end{array}[/tex]

Answer:

Gasoline and water floats, Honey and Titanium sinks.

Explanation:

The diagram below shows the wavelengths and frequencies for the various regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Based on the visible light spectrum, which of the following has the longest wavelength? A. a ray of green light B. a ray of violet light C. a ray of blue light D. a ray of orange light

Answers

D, a ray of Orange light

D.

a ray of violet light

Explanation:

How would you describe a particle of alpha radiation?
-a helium atom with no neutrons
-an electron ejected from a neutron
-a highly energized light particle, or photon
-a helium nucleus with no electrons

Answers

Answer:

A helium atom with no neutrons

The ____ can be described as the basic unit of life. (2 points) atom neutron cell nucleus

Answers

Answer:

the cell can be the described as the basic unit of life

The cell can be described as the basic unit of life

Please HELP

Can more than just one electron transfer to form an ionic compound? Explain and give an example

Answers

Answer: Yes , in [tex]MgCl_2[/tex], two electrons from magnesium are transferred to chlorine atoms.

Explanation:

Ionic compound is formed by the transfer of electrons. For formation of a neutral ionic compound, the charges on cation and anion must be balanced. The cation is formed by loss of electrons by metals and anions are formed by gain of electrons by non metals.

For example : For formation of [tex]MgCl_2[/tex]

Electronic configuration of magnesium:

[tex][Mg]=1s^22s^22p^63s^2[/tex]

Magnesium atom will loose two electrons to gain noble gas configuration and form magnesium cation with +2 charge.

[tex][Mg^{2+}]=1s^22s^22p^63s^0[/tex]

Electronic configuration of chlorine:

[tex][Cl]=1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^5[/tex]

Chlorine atom will gain one electron to gain noble gas configuration and form chloride ion with -1 charge.

[tex][Cl^-]=1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^6[/tex]

In Magnesium chloride two electrons from magnesium metal gets transferred to two chlorine atoms and thus [tex]MgCl_2[/tex] is formed.

A chemist is analyzing a substance known to be an Arrhenius acid. Which of the following substances could it be?

a) HNO3
b) H2O
c) KOH
d) NH3​

Answers

Answer:

HNO3

Explanation:

Nitric Acid is an example of an Arrhenius acid.

Final answer:

HNO₃ (nitric acid) is the only substance among the listed options that qualifies as an Arrhenius acid as it increases the concentration of H+ ions in aqueous solutions.

Explanation:

An Arrhenius acid is a substance that increases the concentration of H+ ions in water, which usually results in the formation of hydronium ions (H₃O+). Given the choices provided, the substance that qualifies as an Arrhenius acid is HNO₃ (nitric acid). This is because HNO₃ dissociates in water to produce H+ ions and NO₃⁻ ions.

a) HNO₃ - This is an Arrhenius acid as it produces H+ ions when dissolved in water.

b) H₂O - Water is not an Arrhenius acid; it is neutral, acting as an acid or a base under different conditions.

c) KOH - Potassium hydroxide is an Arrhenius base because it increases the concentration of OH- ions in solution.

d) NH₃ - Ammonia is considered a Brønsted-Lowry base, but not an Arrhenius acid or base, as it does not produce OH- ions in solution.

can somebody help me with chemistry ?

Answers

Answer:

Sure!

A) Base

A) it will conduct electricity

Explanation:

To answer your question:

Phenolphthalein is one of the most widely used indicator in acid–base titrations. In titration setting, it turns colorless in acidic solutions and pink in basic solutions.

Thus the cleaning solution is A) Base

Another way to know it is a base is by looking at pH.

pH scale is 0-14 (0-6 Acidic, 7 Neutral, 8-14 basic) thus since cleaning solution has pH of 9.6 it falls under the pH range of 8-14 which is basic, hence your solution is basic.

HNO3 is a strong acid hence when put it in water it dissociates into ions. IONS are required to transmit electricity hence HNO3 will conduct electricity

Of course. What’s your question?

dark matter causes objects to what

Answers

Answer:

Dark matter does not really affect objects to do anything really, but it is know to be very dense in gravitational pull and does not emit any radiation.

Explanation:

Which of the following choices will an atom of nitrogen (N) be most likely to bond with?
A. 2 calcium (Ca) atoms
B. 1 hydrogen (H) atom
C. 3 lithium (Li) atoms
D. 2 carbon (C) atoms

Answers

Answer:

3 lithium atoms

Explanation:

just took the quiz

3 lithium (Li) atoms of nitrogen (N) will be most likely to bond with ,therefore option (c) is correct.

What are the characteristics  of lithium atom  ?

Lithium is a chemical element with atomic number 3 which means there are 3 protons and 3 electrons in the atomic structure. The chemical symbol for Lithium is Li.

Properties of lithium element-

Lithium is located at position 3 on the periodic table. Lithium is a light and highly reactive metal. Lithium can be used as a refrigerant due to its high specific heat.The electronic configuration for lithium is [He] 2s1.

3 lithium (Li) atoms of nitrogen (N) will be most likely to bond with, hence option (c) is correct.

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A person suffered indigestion after eating a freshly jarred pickle. If the amount of white vinegar consumed in the pickle was 25.0 mL (5% or 0.80 M of aqueous acetic acid), how many tums would they need to consume to neutralize the acid?

Answers

Final answer:

To neutralize the acid in the jarred pickle, you would need an antacid such as Tums which contains calcium carbonate. The balanced equation for the neutralization reaction between acetic acid and calcium carbonate is 2CH3COOH + CaCO3 -> Ca(CH3COO)2 + H2O + CO2.

Explanation:

Vinegar is a solution of acetic acid in water. To neutralize the acid, you would need an antacid such as Tums which contains calcium carbonate (CaCO3). The balanced equation for the neutralization reaction between acetic acid and calcium carbonate is:

2CH3COOH + CaCO3 → Ca(CH3COO)2 + H2O + CO2

Based on the equation, you can determine the number of moles of acetic acid present in the pickle (given the volume and molarity), and then calculate the number of moles of Tums (calcium carbonate) needed to neutralize that amount of acetic acid.

Which of the following choices will an atom of sulfur (S) be most likely to bond with?
A. 1 oxygen (O) atom
B. 1 helium (He) atom
C. 2 hydrogen (H) atoms
D. 3 nitrogen (N) atoms

Answers

Answer:

2 hydrogen (H) atoms

Explanation:

Answer via Founder's Education/ Educere

An atom of sulfur (S) is most likely to bond with 2 hydrogens (H) atoms. Hence, option C is correct.

What is an atom?

An atom consists of a central nucleus that is usually surrounded by one or more electrons.

The bond between a hydrogen atom and a sulfur atom is nonpolar covalent, so the electrons are shared because its outer shell is not full, a single atom of sulfur can make a molecular bond with each of the two hydrogen atoms, resulting in a single molecule of hydrogen sulfide.

Hence, an atom of sulfur (S) is most likely to bond with 2 hydrogens (H) atoms.

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CAN SOMEONE PLEASE HELP ME I DON’T UNDERSTAND :(

Answers

Answer:

A supersaturated solution

N each reaction box, place the best reagent or reactant from the list below. reagents may be used more than once or not at all. draw the intermediate products b and c (both are neutral; omit byproducts).

Answers

Answer:

See explaination

Explanation:

See attachment for the drawing of the intermediate products b and c (both are neutral; omit byproducts).

What type of reaction occurs when H+ reacts with OH-

Answers

Answer:

acid/base reaction

Explanation:

H+ is acid

OH- is base

Know base and acid properties.

- Hope that helps! Please let me know if you need further explanation.

Answer:

neutral.

this is because the concentration between hydrogen and hydroxide is equal

Explanation:

The reaction forms water

The concentration of an acid or base is defined as the ratio of the amount of
O A. solvent to the amount of solute in a solution
O B. conjugate acid to conjugate base
O C. conjugate base to conjugate acid
OD. solute to the amount of solvent in a solution

Answers

Final answer:

The concentration of an acid or base is the ratio of the amount of solute to the amount of solvent in a solution, which is option D.

Explanation:

The concentration of an acid or base is defined as the ratio of the amount of solute to the amount of solvent in a solution. This means that the correct answer is D. solute to the amount of solvent in a solution. When looking at a solution of an acid or base, you may also consider the number of H+ or OH- ions present in the formula to understand the actual concentration of H3O+ or OH- ions, which can differ from the overall concentration of the acid or base.

"The correct answer is D. solute to the amount of solvent in a solution.

The concentration of an acid or base, or any solution, is typically expressed as the amount of solute present in a given amount of solvent. The solute is the substance that is dissolved in the solvent, which is the substance that does the dissolving. In the context of acids and bases, the concentration is often given in terms of molarity (moles of solute per liter of solution), molality (moles of solute per kilogram of solvent), or other concentration units.

In this expression, the amount of solute (n) is divided by the volume of the solution (V), which includes both the solute and the solvent. This ratio gives us the concentration of the solute in the solvent.

The other options provided are incorrect for the following reasons:

Option A (ratio of the amount of solvent to the amount of solute) is the inverse of the correct definition of concentration.

Option B (ratio of the conjugate acid to the conjugate base) refers to the acid dissociation constant (Ka) for acids or the base dissociation constant (Kb) for bases, which are measures of the strength of an acid or base, not its concentration.

Option C (ratio of the conjugate base to the conjugate acid) is also related to the strength of an acid or base in terms of its equilibrium constant, not its concentration.

Therefore, the correct definition of the concentration of an acid or base solution is the ratio of the amount of solute to the amount of solvent, which corresponds to option D."

Which of the following Substances would have the highest vapor pressure at 298 K?
A) propanol (b.p.= 97 °C)
B) acetone (b.p.=56°C)
C) benzene (b.p. = 80°C)
D) chloroform (b.p. = 61°C)​

Answers

Answer:B

Explanation:Because acetone has the lowest boiling point of the options given,it also has the weakest intermolecular forces and will therefore have the highest vapor pressure

"acetone (b.p.=56°C)" would be the highest vapor pressure.

The maximum vapor pressure would be found at the lowest temperature. Acetone seems to have the smallest intermolecular hydrogen bonding and therefore the greatest evaporation rate.Acetone seems to have the different boiling points of something like the choices shown. As a result, acetone seems to be the right answer, while the other answers are erroneous even though they have greater boiling pressures than acetone.

Thus the above option i.e., "alternative B" is correct.

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Danielle has blonde hair. Her mother has blonde hair and her father has brown.

Which explains how danielle inherited her hair color

Answers

Answer: She inherited a chromosome that carries an allele for hair color from each parent.

Explanation: took test - this answer is correct on Edg

Answer:

D is the answer :)

If 153.48 mL of hydrogen is collected at 14.0 degrees C and 973 kPa, what will be its volume at STP?

Answers

Answer:

1.53 L.

Explanation:

Given,

Volume pf hydrogen, V₁ = 153.48 mL = 0.15348 L

Temperature, T₁ = 14°C = 273+14 = 287 K

Pressure,P₁ = 973 kPa

1 atm = 101.325 kPa

973 kPa = 9.60 atm

At STP

P₂ = 1 atm

T₂ = 25° C = 273+25 = 298 K

V₂ = ?

Now,

[tex]\dfrac{P_1V_1}{T_1}=\dfrac{P_2V_2}{T_2}[/tex]

[tex]\dfrac{9.60\times 0.15348}{287}=\dfrac{1\times V_2}{298}[/tex]

[tex]V_2 = 1.53\ L[/tex]

Hence, the volume at STP is 1.53 L.

A titration graph shows little resistance to a change in pH at the start and has a single equivalence point of 8.6.
This graph most likely presents data from what type of titration?
a polyprotic acid titrated by a strong base
a strong base titrated by a strong acid
a weak base titrated by a strong acid
a weak acid titrated by a strong base

Answers

Answer: A weak acid titrated by a strong base

Explanation:

The graph refers to the titration of a weak acid such as Hydrofluoric acid with a strong base such as Sodium Hydoxide. What happens is that as the process begins, the pH rises quickly as there is little resistance to the base.

After some time the solution formed begins to act as a buffer between the remaining acid and the base. This reduces the pH change rate and will continue until the base overcomes the solution's buffering capacity.

The Equivalence point which is where the acid will be at it's base form, will be at a pH of 8.6.

I have attached a graph showing the process for better understanding.

Angle of incidence and refraction for air at 0 degrees?

Answers

Answer:

zero

Explanation:

When the air is zero degrees then it implies that the air is travelling at an perpendicular to the normal direction.  

Therefore, the angle of incidence would be zero degree and in relation to that the angle of reflection and refraction would also be zero degree as per the laws of reflection.  

In other ways it can be said that the light goes un-deviated.  


If a student wanted to find a diagram of the human reproductive system in his/her science textbook, which part of the book should be looked at FIRST?
A) appendix
B) bibliography
C) glossary
D) index

Answers

Answer:D)index

Explanation:

I got index basically the index since it’s the first part of the page that starts out gives a recap of everything

Which is the correct order of the celestial
bodies during a solar eclipse?
A. Sun, Moon, Earth
B. Sun, Earth, Moon
C. Moon, Earth, Sun
D. Moon, Sun, Earth

Answers

Answer: A. Sun, Moon, Earth

Answer:

Which is the correct order of the celestial

bodies during a solar eclipse?

A. Sun, Moon, Earth the right answer good luck

Which kind of investigations are meant to provide lager amounts of information about a wide range of variables
A. Hypothesis
B. Experimental
C. Descriptive
D. Comparative

Answers

Answer:

comparative

Explanation:

Comparative research, simply put, is the act of comparing two or more things with a view to discovering something about one or all of the things being compared. This technique often utilizes multiple disciplines in one study.

what total mass of a 16 gram sample of 60Co will remain unchanged after 15.9 years

Answers

Answer:

2 g

Explanation:

PLEASE HELP ANYONE IM TOO DUMB TO ANSWER THESE :(

Answers

Answer:

The "2" applies only to the sodium, and sugar is a substance

Explanation:

The amount of atoms in an element are written using small letters after the element they refer to.

Which is most likely an effect of long-term environmental changes

Answers

Answer:

adaptation

extinction

speciation

Explanation:

Answer:

D

Explanation:

When air near Earth's surface is heated, it rises, taking heat with it. The type of energy transfer involved here is called *
Convection, conduction or radiation
Please choose an accurate answer and explain

Answers

Answer: The heat moves through the atmosphere through the process of radiation.

Explanation:

There are three modes of transfer:

1. Conduction: This type of heat transfer happens when there is direct contact between the two object.

2. Radiation: This type of heat transfer happens when there is direct transfer of energy through space.  

3. Convection: This type of heat transfer happens when there is a movement of fluid (liquid or gas) in which convection currents are produced due to the movement of hot fluid upwards and cold fluid downwards.

Thus heat moves through the atmosphere through the process of radiation

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