Answer:
Respiratory systemNervous systemCirculatory systemIntegumentary systemEndocrine systemExplanation:
During excessive hard work or sports, the respiratory system acts to provide sufficient oxygen for energy supply (ATP) - a process takes place in mitochondria. At the very beginning, the respiratory system is active. If the person doesn't intake sufficient water, he will feel tired because of heavy breathing that increases body temperature and affects metabolic reactions. A supply of water would help decrease the respiration need and so support other systems.
The nervous system (hypothalamus) regulates the body temperature which is necessary for metabolic reactions taking place within the body, i.e. homeostasis. During and after exercise, the water intake was not sufficient, this means that the hypothalamus would work to maintain the temperature as well as other metabolic mechanisms. In the case of less water intake, the nervous system would be in stress.
The circulatory system acts to transport blood and oxygen to all parts of the body. During sports activities, the oxygen supply would be high to maintain energy supply. This takes place with the combined action of the circulatory system and respiratory system. For optimal functioning, the circulatory system needs fluids (water) intake because sufficient water is already lost during sports.
The integumentary system is the system that directly protects the body from damages including dehydration. Therefore, in this case, it will be highly active.
The endocrine system consists of glands that produce hormones to control body metabolism. The body metabolism, as mentioned before, is driven through water availability. The reduced water in the body would also put the endocrine system under pressure.
Renal, endocrine, cardiovascular, integumentary, and nervous systems regulate hydration, adjusting urine output, hormone release, blood pressure, sweating, and thirst.
When your body is dehydrated, several physiological mechanisms work together to regulate hydration levels and maintain homeostasis. Here are five body systems involved in this process:
1.Renal system (Urinary system):The kidneys play a crucial role in regulating water balance by adjusting the volume and concentration of urine produced. When dehydrated, the kidneys conserve water by reducing urine output, reabsorbing more water back into the bloodstream.
2.Endocrine system:Hormones such as antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and aldosterone are released by the pituitary gland and adrenal glands, respectively, in response to dehydration. ADH increases water reabsorption in the kidneys, while aldosterone promotes sodium reabsorption, leading to water retention.
3.Cardiovascular system:Dehydration can lead to decreased blood volume and increased blood osmolality. The cardiovascular system responds by increasing heart rate and constricting blood vessels to maintain blood pressure and ensure adequate perfusion to vital organs.
4.Integumentary system:The skin helps regulate body temperature through sweating. Dehydration can impair the body's ability to sweat efficiently, leading to decreased heat dissipation and potential overheating.
5. Nervous system:Dehydration can affect cognitive function and mood. The brain detects changes in hydration status and triggers thirst sensations to encourage fluid intake. Additionally, dehydration-induced fatigue and sluggishness can impact motor coordination and reaction times.
These body systems work in concert to detect and respond to dehydration, helping to restore fluid balance and maintain optimal physiological function.
Sometimes a few of the planets are visible from Earth without a telescope. Why do the planets look so small from Earth?
A. because they are extremely far away
B. because they are each about the size of a grain of sand
C. because they are always moving away from Earth
OD. because the Earth's atmosphere distorts what we see
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10 of 22 Answered
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Pretty sure its A
letter a
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pathogens are recognized by what
Answer:
macrophages and dendritic cells. if i recall correctly.
Explanation:
Many different immune cells, such as macrophages and dendrictic cells.
assess the importance of variations to natural selection
Variations are fundamental to natural selection, serving as the material on which natural selection acts to drive evolution. Studies, such as those on Darwin's finches, highlight how environmental changes can lead to evolutionary shifts within short periods, emphasizing the critical role of genetic variance in population evolution.
Explanation:Variations within a population are crucial for the process of natural selection, as they provide the raw material on which natural selection can act. Without genetic variability, there would be no differential survival and reproduction among individuals in response to changing environmental pressures. This lack of variation would halt evolution, as there would be no traits for natural selection to favor or disfavor.
Genetic variations arise from mutations, gene flow, and sexual reproduction, and are a prerequisite for adaptability and survival of species. The iconic studies of Darwin’s finches by Peter and Rosemary Grant showcase how environmental changes, such as fluctuations in rainfall and hence food availability, can lead to measurable evolutionary changes within relatively short time spans. This underscores the importance of genetic variance in evolution of populations.
Moreover, human populations exemplify the breadth of genetic variation, affected by a complex interplay of genetic drift, mutation, and natural selection, leading to a diverse range of phenotypes. This variation is not just superficial but plays a critical role in how populations adapt to their environments over time. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of variation is essential for comprehending the broader processes of evolution and biodiversity.
Final answer:
Variations are essential for the natural selection process, providing the genetic 'raw material' that can lead to adaptations in response to environmental changes, as exemplified by the variation in beak sizes among Darwin's finches studied by the Grants.
Explanation:
The Importance of Variations to Natural Selection
Variations within a species are crucial for natural selection, a process central to evolution. Without genetic variance, natural selection could not differentiate between individuals, and evolutionary adaptation would be stunted. Genetic variations arise from mutations and the recombination of genes through sexual reproduction. These variations in genes lead to different phenotypes (observable characteristics) within a population, providing the 'raw material' for natural selection to act upon. For example, consider the famous studies of Darwin's finches on the Galapagos Islands by Peter and Rosemary Grant. They detailed how climatic changes affected food availability, which in turn selected for different beak sizes in the finches. This is a clear demonstration of how variations in traits—such as beak size, influenced by genetic factors—can lead to differential survival and reproduction, driving the evolution of populations.
An examination of the beak sizes of the finch population shows a range of sizes, not just one. The diversity in beak size is indicative of genetic variability, which provided a spectrum of advantages and disadvantages that natural selection could act on following environmental changes. This supports the concept that genetic variations are essential for populations to adapt and evolve over time. In summary, variation is the cornerstone of evolutionary processes, and without it, populations would lack the necessary diversity to respond to changing environmental pressures, and evolution by natural selection would not occur.
Why does the deletion of a single nucleotide in a gene often results in a very defective protein ?
Answer: The deletion of a single nucleotide in a gene often results in a very defective protein because it changes the reading frame of the DNA which leads to the production of a protein with amino acid sequence that is different from the original protein.
Explanation: When a single nucleotide is deleted in a gene, it results in a frameshift mutation. A frameshift mutation is a type of mutation caused by either insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in a DNA sequence which changes the reading frame of a DNA sequence. During protein synthesis, DNA is first copied into an mRNA and the mRNA is used to make a protein. mRNA sequence is read in triplet of nucleotides known as codons which code for specific amino acids. When a single nucleotide is deleted from a DNA sequence, the mRNA that will be produced will have an altered reading frame which leads to the addition of wrong amino acid and the entire amino acid sequence after the point of mutation will be incorrect. This results in a completely different protein from the original thus causing a defect in protein function.
A single nucleotide deletion can cause a frameshift mutation in a gene, altering the original amino acid sequence and drastically affecting the structure and function of the resulting protein.
Explanation:The deletion of a single nucleotide in a gene often results in a very defective protein because it can cause a frameshift mutation. This type of mutation essentially throws off the entire reading frame for a gene by either adding or subtracting a nucleotide that is not a multiple of three (since ribosomes read mRNA in triplet codons), which changes every single amino acid after the point of mutation.
As an example, consider a hemoglobin molecule which is made up of two alpha and two beta chains, each consisting of about 150 amino acids. A single base change, or point mutation, can cause such a significant structural difference in the resulting protein as to substantially decrease life expectancy in conditions like sickle cell anemia.
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Cold sores are caused by virus.
Describe why a virus such as the cold sore virus cannot be cultured on a nutrient agar plate
Answer:
Viruses in general require a living host cell for replication. So cold sore virus requires a livng host to replicate. Infected host cells can be cultured and grown, and then the growth medium can be harvested as a source of virus as compared to bacteria that can be cultured in a nutrient agar plate. So ther virus must have a host cell like bacteria, plant or animal in which to live and make more viruses. Outside of a host cell, viruses cannot function.
The cold sore virus cannot be cultured on a nutrient agar plate because viruses require a host cell to reproduce. Agar plates provide nutrients which viruses cannot utilize for growth.
Explanation:A virus, such as the one that causes cold sores, cannot be cultured on a nutrient agar plate due to the nature of its life cycle. Viruses are unique in the microscopic world because they cannot reproduce outside of a host cell. They lack the cellular components necessary for independent life and replication.
When performing culture techniques, bacteria and fungi (which are self-sufficient and can reproduce on their own) can be cultured on nutrient agar because they use the nutrients in the agar to grow and multiply. However, a virus requires the inside of a host cell, taking over the cell's machinery to produce more virus particles. The cold sore virus, specifically, replicates inside human cells, which means it cannot utilize a nutrient agar plate for growth.
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Why is the pituitary gland called the master gland?
It is the largest gland in the body.
It regulates the work of many glands in the body.
It helps the brain master higher-level thinking processes.
It controls the heart, which is the master pumping organ in the body.
Answer:
Pituitary gland is known as the master gland because it influences the functioning of other glands like thyroid, testes, ovary etc for it's functioning as endocrine gland.
Therefore it regulates the work of many glands in the body.
hope this helps.......
The pituitary gland called the master gland as it regulates the work of many glands in the body.
What is pituitary gland?It is the master gland of endocrine glands. It also controls hormones .
The pituitary gland called the master gland because It regulates the work of many glands in the body.It also controls several hormones of endocrine.
Thus well explained.
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Which of the following best describes surface tension?
A. a measure of the amount of heat that can be absorbed by a substance
a measure of the ability of one substance to dissolve another to form a solution
B.
C.
a measure of the intermolecular forces that cause two identical substances to repel one another
D.
a measure of the intermolecular forces at the surface of a liquid that determines how easily the surface can be broker
E.
a measure of the intermolecular forces that cause two different substances to attract one another
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The statement best describes surface tension is a measure of the intermolecular forces that cause two different substances to attract one another.
What do you mean by surface tension?Surface tension is the tendency of liquid surfaces at rest to shrink into the minimum surface area possible. Surface tension is what allows objects with a higher density than water such as razor blades and insects to float on a water surface without becoming even partly submerged.
The surface tension determines the behavior of liquids in a number of processes and phenomena: Wetting and wettability: The wetting of a solid by a liquid depends, among other things, on the surface tension.
An example of such an organism is the water strider, which can run across the surface of water, due to the intermolecular forces of the molecules, and the force of the strider which is distributed to its legs.
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Which of the following statements is true of all organisms in every environment?
O A.
They must compete for essential resources.
B.
They avoid interaction as much as possible.
C.
They are able to produce their own food.
D.
They must consume other organisms for energy
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Answer:
A. They must compete for essential resources.
Explanation:
The true statement about all organisms in every environment is that they must compete for essential resources. This competition for resources like food, water, or space is an integral part of natural selection and affects all organisms' ability to survive and reproduce.
The correct answer to the question, which asks about the universal trait of all organisms in every environment, is A. They must compete for essential resources. This is a foundational concept in ecology, reflecting the competition that occurs when multiple organisms vie for the same resources such as food, water, or space. This dynamic is a driving force behind the process of natural selection, as it influences which organisms thrive and which do not.
All organisms engage in the process of gathering energy from their surroundings to fuel their cellular functions, such as converting substances to ATP (adenosine triphosphate). However, not all organisms can produce their own food; this ability is limited to autotrophs like plants. Heterotrophs, on the other hand, must consume other organisms to obtain the energy they need to survive. This necessitates that they engage in competition for food resources with other organisms.
Owing to the limited availability of resources, organisms engage in both intraspecific (within the same species) and interspecific (between different species) competition. This is crucial for their growth, reproducing, and maintaining organization, all of which are part of exchanging matter with the environment.
In which phase does crossing over occur (where the homologous pairs exchange genetic information)?
A. Prophase I
B. Prophase II
C. Prophase III
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Crossing over occurs between prophase I and metaphase I and is the process where two homologous chromosome non-sister chromatids pair up with each other and exchange different segments of genetic material to form two recombinant chromosome sister chromatids.
Sodium is an element found in table salt. It contains 11 protons and
12 neutrons. How many electrons are found in a neutral atom of
sodium?
A. 11
C. 23
B. 12
D. 1
Answer:
11 electrons are found in a neutral atom of sodium.
Explanation:
atoms are made up electrons and protons. Electrons are negatively charged particles and protons are positively charged particles. The number of electrons and protons are constant or fixed in an element. However, the number of electrons and protons may not be always equal. the number of protons in the atom is equal to the atomic number of the element. sodium's atomic number is 11 and thus the number of protons is also equal to 11. since sodium atom is neutral, the number of protons = the number of electrons. thus the number of electrons in a neutral sodium atom is 11
In a DNA molecule, which of the following forms a base pair with adenine?
O A. Cytosine
O B. Guanine
O C. Thymine
O D. Adenine
Answer:
C.
Explanation:
Thymine and Adenine forms a base pair together, while Guanine and Cytosine form a base pair with each other. (AT & GC)
In a DNA molecule, Thymine forms a base pair with adenine. Thus, the correct option is C.
What is Base pairing?Base pairing may be defined as the process through which different nucleotides are bound to each other in a complementary form in sequences of nucleic acids. This process of base pairing significantly constructs a long strand of DNA or RNA.
According to the process of base pairing, Adenine always forms a base pair with thymine and vice versa, while guanine always forms a base pair with cytosine and vice versa.
According to Chargaff's rule, the amount of adenine is always equal to the amount of thymine, while the amount of guanine is always equal to the amount of cytosine. It is the salient feature of nucleic acids.
Therefore, in a DNA molecule, Thymine forms a base pair with adenine. Thus, the correct option is C.
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Does every organisms on earth carry out Mitosis?
Answer:
No because prokaryotic does not cells such as bactiers
Explanation:
because of that not all cells have mitosis
The _______ biome has trees that lose leaves once each year.
The _______ zone is where the ocean meets land.
There are different vegetative patterns throughout the world. The vegetation that can grow is influenced by the amount of heat received. The differences in heat give rise to _______ zones.
Monkeys, zebras, and tigers live in a/an _______ biome.
In the composition of water on earth, freshwater accounts for _______percent of the water on earth.
Answer: Deciduous biome, intertidal zone, deciduous biome, heat zones
0.9%
Explanation: The kind of flora and fauna depend on the heat received in those regions. The ones with high temperatures will have different kind of vegetation compared to ones receiving lesser heat.
The deciduous biomes constitute a large part of the southern hemisphere of the globe. The forests are majorly which shed leaves.
These biomes have diverse set of animals in their forests with varied trophic (food) levels.
Even though three fourth of the planet is covered in water, The fresh water accounts for less than one percent that can actually be actually be consumed by living beings.
deciduous forest
intertidal
climate
terrestrial
2.5
The abiotic factors that determine a terrestrial biome are weather, climate, latitude and amount of sunlight an area receives, and nutrients available.
The amount of precipitation and the warm climate in the tropical rainforest support more organisms in that area. There are fewer limiting factors in the tropical rainforest.
The order of most to least sunlight is littoral zone, limnetic zone, and profundal zone.
Biomes are different because of their differing latitude, climate, weather, amount of sunlight, and precipitation. All organisms have a range of tolerance for the temperature, amount of sunlight, and precipitation in which they can survive.
Explanation:
How does a hydroelectric power plant convert energy?
A.- As water flows through the channels toward the turbines, it has kinetic energy. This is changed to mechanical energy as the water turns the turbines. Then the mechanical energy of the turbines is changed to electrical energy by the generator.
B.- As water flows through the channels toward the generator, it has potential energy. This is changed to electric energy as the generator rotates. Some of the electric energy is used to change water's energy into kinetic energy.
C.- As water flows through the channels toward the transformer, it has potential energy.
This is converted to electrical energy by the transformer, and then the energy is
magnified by the generator.
D.- As water flows through the channels toward the turbine, it has kinetic energy. This is changed to potential energy within the turbine. This potential energy is converted to electrical energy by the transformer.
If the answer is right I will mark brainliest!! Just please help!
Answer: A.- As water flows through the channels toward the turbines, it has kinetic energy. This is changed to mechanical energy as the water turns the turbines. Then the mechanical energy of the turbines is changed to electrical energy by the generator.
Explanation:
Answer:A
Explanation:
i just took the test
Which of the following cause particles to move back and forth in
the direction the waves are moving?
a. P waves
b. L waves
c. S waves
d. tsunamis
Answer:
tsunamis
Explanation:
is the movement back and forth in the direction of the waves that are moving
How many recessive genes does a individual need in order to show the recessive trait?
Answer: Two recessive genes
Explanation: Every trait is controlled by at least a pair of gene, one inherited from the mother and the other inherited from the father. A recessive gene is a gene whose effect is masked by a dominant gene. A recessive gene lacks the ability to express itself in the presence of a dominant gene. For a recessive gene to manifest outwardly, it must occur in a homozygous state that is the individual must inherit two copies of the gene from its parents, one from the mother and one from the father.
the ability to move or cause changes in matter
Explanation:
Energy is defined in science as the ability to move matter or change matter in some other way. Energy can also be defined as the ability to do work, which means using force to move an object over a distance.
The ability to move or cause changes in matter is referred to as energy.
Explanation:
Energy is a fundamental concept in physics and the natural sciences. It is the capacity or ability to do work or bring about changes in the state or motion of matter. Energy exists in various forms, and these forms can be converted from one to another. Some of the common forms of energy include:
Kinetic Energy: This is the energy of motion. Any object in motion possesses kinetic energy, and the amount of kinetic energy depends on the mass and velocity of the object.Potential Energy: This is energy stored in an object due to its position or state. For example, an object raised above the ground has gravitational potential energy, while a compressed spring has elastic potential energy.Thermal Energy: Thermal energy is the energy associated with the temperature of an object. It is a measure of the total kinetic energy of the particles within a substance.Chemical Energy: This is the energy stored in the bonds between atoms and molecules. It can be released during chemical reactions.Electrical Energy: Electrical energy is the movement of electrons through a conductor and is harnessed to power various devices and systems.Radiant Energy: Radiant energy includes electromagnetic waves such as light, heat, and other forms of radiation.Energy is a fundamental concept because it underlies all physical processes and is conserved in closed systems. It plays a crucial role in our daily lives, powering everything from machines and appliances to biological processes within living organisms.
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Ground tissue is found in a plant’s.... A. Stems only B. Stems and leaves only C. Roots and stems only D. Roots, stems, and leaves
Answer:
Option D. Roots, stems, and leaves.
Explanation:
Ground tissue is a type of which are present in roots, stem, seed and leaves etc. Ground tissue is responsible for the production of food materials. These tissues also helps in the storage of food substance that are prepared in the leaves and gives support to the plant. Ground tissue is formed from parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma.
How do protons contribute towards making ATP?...
Answer: Protons contribute towards making ATP by producing proton-motive force that provides energy for ATP synthesis.
Explanation: In the respiratory chain, the transfer of electrons from one complex to another is accompanied by pumping of protons out of the matrix. This creates a difference in proton concentration and separation of charge across the mitochondrial inner membrane. The electrochemical energy inherent in this difference in proton concentration called proton-motive force is used to drive ATP synthesis as protons flow back passively into the matrix through a proton pore.
what is the name for a complex, organized group of organisms
Answer: Community
Explanation:
A community refers to a group of organisms including plants, animals and microorganisms, living and breeding together in a given area.
It is organized because some organisms called producers (plants) produce the food which is eaten by consumers (animals), and after the consumers die, Decomposers (microorganisms) feed on them.
Thus, community is the answer
Which scientist most inspired Darwin to pursue his studies of evolution?
Answer:B. Is the answer
Explanation:
2. Which describes a substance with a high index of refraction?
It causes light to speed up significantly.
It causes light to slow down significantly.
90
It bends light less than air.
The statement that it causes light to slow down significantly best describes the high index of refraction.
Explanation:
Index of refraction is the amount a medium will be refracting the incident light. As it is a measure of amount of light getting refracted, the medium decides the index of refraction of that type.
If the index of refraction of any medium is high, then it will refract most of the incident light and so the light' speed travelling through the medium will get slower.
So increase in refractive index decrease the light' speed. Thus, if the light' speed decreases or slows down significantly then the substance has high index of refraction.
How did Tony Sinclair count the large mamals?
By conducting long-term research on large mammals in the Mara–Serengeti ecosystem and elsewhere in East Africa, Sinclair showed the ways in which different animal populations are regulated.
Using the diagram, which of the structures is the youngest?
B
C
D
M
The youngest structure in the diagram is M (Option D), as it cuts through all other layers.
According to the principles of cross-cutting relationships in geology, the youngest feature is the one that cuts through others. Therefore, M represents the most recent geological event in this diagram.
The principle of cross-cutting relationships in geology states that any geological feature (such as an intrusion or fault) that cuts across other layers or structures must be younger than the layers it cuts through. In other words, if a feature disrupts existing rock layers, it formed after those layers were already in place.
Structure M is an igneous intrusion that cuts through all existing layers and structures, including L (another igneous intrusion). Since M intersects L, it must be younger than L. Additionally, M also cuts through layers K to B, indicating that it formed after the deposition of these layers.
Based on the principles of cross-cutting relationships, we can conclude that M is the youngest structure in the diagram. Geologists use these principles to unravel the Earth's history and understand the sequence of events that shaped the landscape.
The question is:
Using the diagram, which of the structures is the youngest?
A. B
B. C
C. D
D. M
When is the best age/time to start working towards a healthy cardiovascular system?
Answer:
Scientific researches have shown that starting a healthy cardiovascular system can benefit the heart at any age, even if you are in the 30's, 40's or 50's.
So, it is never too late for starting to care for your heart and indulging in cardiovascular activities to keep your heart strong.
Although the functioning of the heart starts to be affected after a person reaches the age of 50's, yet exercise can help him improve the heart health even in such old ages.
Alexis's school class will be traveling to the city library next week to collect information on specific topics that each student has chosen to learn about. Alexis wants to learn about the cheetah, but she still needs to choose a hypothesis for her research. Which of these would work as a hypothesis for Alexis?
Answer:
The cheetah can run faster than the tiger but not as fast as the jaguar.
a stem cell in an animal divided by mitosis. which statement is true about the two daughter cell
Answer:
They are identical because, in the process of mitosis, the single cell divides into 2 and remains the same along with identical characteristics.
Explanation:
If a neutral atom contains 9 protons, how many electrons does it have?
a. 9
b. 36
c.
18
Answer: 9 electrons
Explanation: In a neutral atom, it's important to understand that the atomic number or the number of protons that are stored in the core of that element will be the same as the number of electrons in the energy levels orbiting the nucleus.
So if an atom has 9 protons and it's neutral, the atom will have 9 electrons as well since the atomic number is your number of protons and electrons when the atom is neutral meaning it's not an ion.
Coronary heart disease is caused by:
reduced blood flow to the heart
reduced nutrient flow to the heart
reduced oxygen flow to the heart
reduced electrical flow to the heart
Answer:
The correct answer is reduced oxygen flow to the heart.
Explanation:
Coronary heart disease brings various complications such as acute myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, angina pectoris. The cause of this disease is atherosclerosis caused by the formation of atheroma plaque (formed by cholesterol, fatty acids, calcium, fibrin) in the arteries that supply the heart. The accumulation of this hard plate in these blood vessels, decreases the blood flow leading to the least amount of oxygen that reaches the heart, and can generate a heart attack.
science help pls !! will reward
Answer:
C. Selective breeding
Explanation:
The text says that people selected the best ones to breed together to get what they want. This is called selective breeding.
The answer is C: Selective breeding