Answer:
3) NaCl.
Explanation:
∵ ΔTf = iKf.m
where, i is the van 't Hoff factor.
Kf is the molal depression freezing constant.
m is the molality of the solute.
The van 't Hoff factor is the ratio between the actual concentration of particles produced when the substance is dissolved and the concentration of a substance as calculated from its mass.
For most non-electrolytes dissolved in water, the van 't Hoff factor is essentially 1.
So, for sugar: i = 1.
∴ ΔTf for sugar = iKf.m = (1)(Kf)(2.0 m) = 2 Kf.
For most ionic compounds dissolved in water, the van 't Hoff factor is equal to the number of discrete ions in a formula unit of the substance.
For NaCl, it is electrolyte compound which dissociates to Na⁺ and Cl⁻.
So, i for NaCl = 2.
∴ ΔTf for NaCl = iKf.m = (2)(Kf)(1.0 m) = 2 Kf.
So, the right choice is: 3) NaCl.
Consider the reaction between no and cl2 to form nocl. 2no(g) + cl2(g) ⇌ 2nocl(g) a reaction mixture at a certain temperature initially contains only [no] = 0.50 m and [cl2] = 0.50 m. after the reaction comes to equilibrium, the concentration of nocl is 0.30 m. what is the value of kc at this temperature?
The reaction given is 2NO(g) + Cl2(g) ⇌ 2NOCl(g). The initial concentrations of NO and Cl2 are 0.50 M. At equilibrium, concentration of NOCl is 0.30 M, while concentrations of NO and Cl2 are 0.20 M. The equilibrium constant Kc for this reaction at this temperature is thus calculated to be 9.0 M⁻².
Explanation:The value of Kc at a given temperature for a reaction can be calculated using the equilibrium concentrations of the reactants and products in the chemical equation. The reaction described here is 2NO(g) + Cl2(g) ⇌ 2NOCl(g).
At equilibrium, the concentration of NOCl is given as 0.30 M, while we are not provided with the equilibrium concentrations of NO and Cl2, but we know that initially they were both 0.50 M.
The expression for the equilibrium constant Kc in this case would be: Kc = [NOCl]² / ([NO]² [Cl2])
Therefore, calculating equilibrium concentrations of NO and Cl2 from the balanced chemical equation since each 2 moles of NO and Cl2 react to form 2 moles of NOCl, [NO] = [Cl2] = 0.50M - 0.30M = 0.20M.
Substituting these equilibrium concentrations, the value of the Kc becomes:
Kc = (0.30²) / (0.20² * 0.20) = 9.0 M⁻²
Learn more about Chemical Equilibrium here:https://brainly.com/question/3920294
#SPJ3
In the presence of hydrogen sulfide, silver oxidizes to form silver sulfide (silver tarnish). It forms a black film on the surface of silver. 4Ag 2H2S O2→2Ag2S 2H2O One way to reverse the chemical reaction and turn silver sulfide back into silver is by immersing the silver in an aluminum container filled with a hot solution of sodium bicarbonate. Metals like aluminum have a greater affinity for sulfur than silver. This tarnish-removal method uses a chemical reaction to convert the silver sulfide back into silver, resulting in no net loss of silver. The reaction between silver sulfide and aluminum takes place in the presence of a sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) solution, resulting in the transfer of sulfur atoms from silver to aluminum, freeing the silver metal and forming aluminum sulfide. The reaction can be summarized as follows: when silver sulfide reacts with aluminum, silver sulfide is reduced to form silver and aluminum is oxidized to form aluminum sulfide. Complete the balanced chemical equation for the reaction, showing the formation of silver metal from silver sulfide in the presence of aluminum metal. Express your answer as the products of a chemical equation. View Available Hint(s) 3Ag2S 2Al → 3 A g 2 S 2 A l →
The equation is:
3AgS2 + 4Al ---> 2Al2S3 + 3Ag
Answer: The balanced chemical equation is written below.
Explanation:
Single displacement reaction is defined as the reaction in which more reactive element displaces a less reactive element from its chemical reaction.
The reactivity of metal is determined by a series known as reactivity series. The metals lying above in the series are more reactive than the metals which lie below in the series.
[tex]A+BC\rightarrow AC+B[/tex]
The chemical equation for the reaction of silver sulfide with aluminium follows:
[tex]3Ag_2S+2Al\rightarrow 6Ag+Al_2S_3[/tex]
By Stoichiometry of the reaction:
3 moles of silver sulfide reacts with 2 moles of aluminium metal to produce 6 moles of silver metal and 1 mole of aluminium sulfide
Hence, the balanced chemical equation is written above.
A researcher wants to determine if a unicellular organism he discovered is an autotroph or a heterotroph. He radioactively labels the carbon in CO2 and C6H12O6, and exposes one culture of his organism to the labeled CO2 and another culture to the labeled C6H12O6. What would happen if his organism is an autotroph?
A. Labeled carbon would be seen in the carbohydrates of organisms exposed to CO2.
B. Labeled carbon would be seen in the carbohydrates of organisms exposed to C6H12O6.
C. Labeled carbon would not be seen in the carbohydrates of either culture.
D. Labeled carbon would be seen in carbohydrates of both cultures.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Autotrophs utilize the energy from sunlight to reduce carbon dioxide to carbohydrates (glucose). The energy from the sunlight is used to split water into H+ and O2- and the H+ used in the reduction process. The labeled carbon in the carbon dioxide will, therefore, be incorporated by the autotrophs in the carbohydrates made in photosynthesis.
Which phrase best describes the main reason that scientists reproduce the results of other scientists?
Answer:
This is a form of peer review
Explanation:
This is used to validate the work of the other scientists and add veracity to findings or question the findings. This peer review is used to improve the quality of research in science. Peer-reviewed articles provide a trusted form of scientific communication.
Answer:
Reproducibility
Explanation:
Reproducibility or replication means that the results of scientific studies can be exactly obtained by other scientists working independently but following the same procedure as described in a previous scientific study.
Scientific research is generally expected to be utterly reproducible in all ramifications.
However, due to insufficient information regarding research methodologies,bias in reportage of research findings and poor experimental design, some scientific studies may not be readily reproducible.
How do volcanic eruptions effect the composition of the atmosphere?
a. Volcanic eruptions add greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, but they take dust particles out of it.
b. Volcanic eruptions take greenhouse gases and dust particles out of the atmosphere.
c. Volcanic eruptions add fine dust particles to the atmosphere, but they take greenhouse gases out of it.
d. Volcanic eruptions add greenhouse gases and fine dust particles to the atmosphere.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Volcanic eruptions spew large amounts of dust particles from their surroundings into the atmosphere. Accompanying eruptions are also materials like volcanic ash and gases. These gases contribute immensely to the reserve of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
Gases in volcanoes are responsible to a large extent for their explosivity when an eruption occurs. The more the gases, the more explosive a volcano can be. These gases are rich in carbon dioxide, methane, etc. A vast number of them are greenhouse gases.
Dust particles also accompany an eruption. These dust can be suspended for an extended period in the atmosphere by the wind.
the best choice is the letter D. Volcanic eruptions add green house gases and fine dust particles to the atmosphere.
i toke the quiz on gradpoint and the answer was correct
What is the ratio of Al ions to S ions in a neutral compound? 1:1 2:1 2:3 3:2
Answer:2:3
Explanation: on edginuity
HELP ASAP PLEASE!!!!
Two organic molecules with the same formula but different structures are called:
1
alkanes
2
alkenes
3
alkynes
4
isomers
5
polymers
Which is a spectator ion in the reaction between these two solutions?
BaBr2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq) →
A. Br– (aq)
B. BaBr2(aq)
C. Ba2+(aq)
D. SO42–(aq)
Im not sure what it is but i will try
BaCl₂(aq) + Na₂SO₄(aq) = BaSO₄(s) + 2NaCl(aq)
Ba²⁺(aq) + 2Cl⁻(aq) + 2Na⁺(aq) + SO₄²⁻(aq) = BaSO₄(s) + 2Na⁺(aq) + 2Cl⁻(aq)
Ba²⁺(aq) + SO₄²⁻(aq)= BaSO₄(s)
The ionic reaction is
Ba2+ + 2 Br- + 2 Na+ + SO42-----> 2 Na+ + 2Br- + BaSO4.
Na+ and Br- are on both sides of the equation so they are spectator ions.
The answer is A Br- (aq).
How is the number of valence electrons in an atom related to its tendency to gain or lose electrons during compound formation?
The number of valence electrons influences whether an atom will gain or lose electrons during compound formation, following the octet rule. Metals typically lose electrons to form cations, while nonmetals gain electrons to form anions. This behavior underpins the formation of ionic and covalent bonds.
The number of valence electrons in an atom is fundamentally related to its tendency to gain or lose electrons during compound formation, adhering to the octet rule. Atoms seek to complete their outermost electron shell, typically aiming to have eight electrons in this valence shell for stability, mirroring the electron configuration of the nearest noble gas. Metals often lose electrons to form positively charged ions (cations), while nonmetals tend to gain electrons, forming negatively charged ions (anions). This transfer and sharing of electrons give rise to different types of chemical bonds, primarily ionic and covalent, which are pivotal in the formation of compounds. The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in ionic bonding, and the sharing of electrons in covalent bonding, exemplify the underlying principles driving atoms to gain or lose electrons for compound formation.
The small intestine couldn't work without the _________ because fats couldn't be broken down
The rate of a chemical reaction can be measured as the rate of appearance of any of the products or as the rate of disappearance of any of the reactants. These relative rates of reaction are related through the stoichiometry of the overall reaction. For example, the rate of the reaction shown below can be determined by measuring the initial rate of disappearance of I-, -D[I-]/Dt. ClO3-(aq) + 9I- (aq)+ 6 H+ (aq) → 3I-3 (aq) + Cl-(aq) + 3H2O If the initial rate of disappearance of I- under a given set of experimental conditions is 81.1 x 10-3 M/s then what is the rate of disappearance of ClO3- under those same experimental conditions? Enter your answer with units.
The rate of disappearance of the ClO₃⁻ ion is equal to 9.01 ×10⁻³ M/s.
What is the rate of the chemical reaction?The rate of reaction can be defined as the speed at which the products are produced or the reactants are consumed in a chemical reaction. The rate provides information about the time frame under which a reaction can be completed.
The rate of reaction can be described as the speed of a chemical reaction at which reactants are converted into products. Some reactions are instantaneous, while some take a little longer to reach the final equilibrium.
Given the chemical reaction is:
[tex]ClO_3^-(aq) + 9I^- (aq)+ 6 H^+ (aq) \longrightarrow 3I^{-3} (aq) + Cl^-(aq) + 3H_2O[/tex]
The initial rate of disappearance of I⁻ ion = 81.1 ×10⁻³ M/s.
The rate of disappearance of iodide ion is given by:
[tex]-\frac{D[I^-]}{Dt} =81.1\times 10^{-3}[/tex]
The relation between the rate of disappearance of I⁻ and ClO₃⁻ ion:
[tex]-\frac{D[ClO_3^-]}{Dt} =-\frac{1}{9} \frac{D[I^-]}{Dt}[/tex]
[tex]-\frac{D[ClO_3^-]}{Dt} =-\frac{1}{9} \times 81.1 \times 10^{-3}[/tex]
[tex]\frac{D[ClO_3^-]}{Dt} = 9.01 \times 10^{-3}M/s[/tex]
Therefore, the rate of the disappearance of ClO₃⁻ ion is equal to 9.01 ×10⁻³ M/s when the initial rate of disappearance of I⁻ is 81.1 ×10⁻³ M/s.
Learn more about the rate of reaction, here:
brainly.com/question/13571877
#SPJ2
A solution of 20.0 g of which hydrated salt dissolved in 200 g H2O will have the lowest freezing point? (A) CuSO4 • 5 H2O (M = 250) (B) NiSO4 • 6 H2O (M = 263) (C) MgSO4 • 7 H2O (M = 246) (D) Na2SO4 • 10 H2O (M = 286) The correct answer is D, but I really don't know WHY, so I ask... Thank you very much for your help and explanation ! :)
Answer:
(D) Na₂SO₄•10H₂O (M = 286).
Explanation:
The depression in freezing point of water by adding a solute is determined using the relation:ΔTf = i.Kf.m,
Where, ΔTf is the depression in freezing point of water.
i is van't Hoff factor.
Kf is the molal depression constant.
m is the molality of the solute.
Since, Kf and m is constant for all the mentioned salts. So, the depression in freezing point depends strongly on the van't Hoff factor (i).van't Hoff factor is the ratio between the actual concentration of particles produced when the substance is dissolved and the concentration of a substance as calculated from its mass.(A) CuSO₄•5H₂O:
CuSO₄ is dissociated to Cu⁺² and SO₄²⁻.
So, i = dissociated ions/no. of particles = 2/1 = 2.
(B) NiSO₄•6H₂O:
NiSO₄ is dissociated to Ni⁺² and SO₄²⁻.
So, i = dissociated ions/no. of particles = 2/1 = 2.
(C) MgSO₄•7H₂O:
MgSO₄ is dissociated to Mg⁺² and SO₄²⁻.
So, i = dissociated ions/no. of particles = 2/1 = 2.
(D) Na₂SO₄•10H₂O:
Na₂SO₄ is dissociated to 2 Na⁺ and SO₄²⁻.
So, i = dissociated ions/no. of particles = 3/1 = 3.
∴ The salt with the high (i) value is Na₂SO₄•10H₂O.
So, the highest ΔTf resulted by adding Na₂SO₄•10H₂O salt.
When a mercury-202 nucleus is bombarded with a neutron, a proton is ejected. What element is formed?
That will make a gold-202 nucleus.
ExplanationRefer to a periodic table. The atomic number of mercury Hg is 80.
Step One: Bombard the [tex]\displaystyle ^{202}_{\phantom{2}80}\text{Hg}[/tex] with a neutron [tex]^{1}_{0}n[/tex]. The neutron will add 1 to the mass number 202 of [tex]^{202}_{\phantom{2}80}\text{Hg}[/tex]. However, the atomic number will stay the same.
New mass number: 202 + 1 = 203.Atomic number is still 80.[tex]^{202}_{\phantom{2}80}\text{Hg} + ^{1}_{0}n \to ^{203}_{\phantom{2}80}\text{Hg}[/tex].
Double check the equation:
Sum of mass number on the left-hand side = 202 + 1 = 203 = Sum of mass number on the right-hand side.Sum of atomic number on the left-hand side = 80 = Sum of atomic number on the right-hand side.Step Two: The [tex]^{203}_{\phantom{2}80}\text{Hg}[/tex] nucleus loses a proton [tex]^{1}_{1}p[/tex]. Both the mass number 203 and the atomic number will decrease by 1.
New mass number: 203 - 1 = 202.New atomic number: 80 - 1 = 79.Refer to a periodic table. What's the element with atomic number 79? Gold Au.
[tex]^{203}_{\phantom{2}80}\text{Hg} \to ^{202}_{\phantom{2}79}\text{Au} + ^{1}_{1}p[/tex].
Double check the equation:
Sum of mass number on the left-hand side = 203 = 202 + 1 = Sum of mass number on the right-hand side.Sum of atomic number on the left-hand side = 80 = 79 + 1 = Sum of atomic number on the right-hand side.A gold-202 nucleus is formed.
Which salt solution could contain 42 grams of solute per 100 grams of water at 40°c?
About 234 grams .nA 2M NaCl solution contains approximately 58.5g of salt. So to make two liters of a 2M solutions you would need 117g of salt dissolved in 2 liters of water.
a propane tank containing 55l has 2.46 moles of the gas C3 is propane what would the number of moles if 1/2 of the gas is used
= 1.23 moles
Explanation;V1/n1 = V2/n2
V1 = 55 L, n1 =2.46 moles
1/2 of the gas was used and thus; 1/2 or 27.5 L remained.
Therefore;
55 L/2.46 moles = 27.5 L/ n2
n2 = (2.46 × 27.5)/55
= 1.23 moles
The number of moles if 1/2 of the gas is used is mathematically given as
n2= 1.23 moles
What would the number of moles if 1/2 of the gas is used?Question Parameter(s):
a propane tank containing 55l
has 2.46 moles of the gas C3 is propane
Generally, the equation for the volume is mathematically given as
V1/n1 = V2/n2
Therefore
55 L/2.46 = 27.5 L/ n2
n2 = (2.46 * 27.5)/55
n2= 1.23 moles
In conclusion, the number of moles
n2= 1.23 moles
Read more about volume
https://brainly.com/question/1578538
#SPJ2
A system at equilibrium contains i2(g) at a pressure of 0.21 atm and i(g) at a pressure of 0.23 atm . the system is then compressed to half its volume. find the pressure of i when the system returns to equilibrium.
The pressure would be 6000 Newton’s
The pressure of I when the system returns to equilibrium is 0.589 atm.
What is equilibrium?Equilibrium is defined as a state of a reversible chemical process in which there is no net change in the quantity of reactants and products.
To calculate the pressure we considered the equation
I2 -> 2Ig
Kp = I² / I2
= (0.23)² / 0.21 = 0.25
I2 at initial = 2 x 0.21 = 0.42
I2 at equilibrium = 0.42 - x
Ig at initial = 2 x 0.23 = 0.46
Ig at equilibrium = 0.46 - 2x
Solving x using equilibrium constant
0.25 = (I)² / I2 = (0.46 + 2x)² / 0.42-x
0.25 (0.42 - x) = (0.46 + 2x)²
0.105 - 0.25x = 0.1764 + 4x²
-0.25 - 4x² = 0.1764 - 0.105
4.25 x² = 0.0714
x² = 0.714 / 4.25
x² = 0.0168
x = 0.129 atm
PI2 = 0.42 + 2x0.129
PI2 = 0.678 atm
PI = 0.46 + 0.129
PI = 0.589 atm
Thus, the pressure of I when the system returns to equilibrium is 0.589 atm.
To learn more about equilibrium, refer to the link below:
https://brainly.com/question/14480835
#SPJ2
The process of cellular respiration, which converts simple sugars such as glucose into CO2 and water, is an example of _____. See Concept 8.1 (Page 144) View Available Hint(s) The process of cellular respiration, which converts simple sugars such as glucose into CO2 and water, is an example of _____. See Concept 8.1 (Page 144) a pathway in which the entropy of the system decreases a catabolic pathway an endergonic pathway a pathway that occurs in animal cells but not plant cells a pathway that converts organic matter into energy
a catabolic pathway. Cellular respiration is a catabolic pathway.
A reaction occurs when solid X is placed into solution Y. As a result, the temperature of the new solution increases by 3°C. The temperature rises another 2°C when more of solid X is added to the solution. What does this indicate about the effect of adding more solid?
The increase in temperature when solid X is added to solution Y indicates an exothermic reaction, and the further increase with additional solid could be due to supersaturation, the disturbance of equilibrium, and additional exothermic reactions.
Explanation:When solid X is added to solution Y and the temperature rises, this indicates an exothermic reaction, or a reaction that releases heat. The solubility of the solid in the solution may also be temperature-dependent, potentially leading to a supersaturated solution if the temperature is cooled after the solute is added. This supersaturated solution is relatively stable, but adding more solid or initiating other forms of agitation can disturb this equilibrium and trigger further reactions, potentially causing additional temperature changes. Note that this behavior is similar to certain hand warmer mechanisms that take advantage of such exothermic reactions and solubility behaviors to generate heat.
Learn more about Exothermic Reactions here:https://brainly.com/question/35381706
#SPJ12
Question 1 (Matching Worth 3 points)
(07.07 MC)
Match the action to the effect on the equilibrium position for the reaction N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g).
Match Term Definition
Removing ammonia A) No effect
Removing hydrogen gas B) Shift to the left
Adding a catalyst C) Shift to the right
Question 2(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(07.07 MC)
Nitrogen dioxide gas is dark brown in color and remains in equilibrium with dinitrogen tetroxide gas, which is colorless.
2NO2(g) ⇌ N2O4(g)
When the light brown color equilibrium mixture was moved from room temperature to a lower temperature, the mixture turned lighter brown in color. Which of the following conclusions about this equilibrium mixture is true?
This reaction is endothermic because the system shifted to the left on cooling.
This reaction is endothermic because the system shifted to the right on cooling.
This reaction is exothermic because the system shifted to the left on cooling.
This reaction is exothermic because the system shifted to the right on cooling.
Question 3(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(07.07 LC)
According to Le Châtelier's principle, how will a decrease in concentration of a reactant affect the equilibrium system?
Shift it toward the products
Shift it toward the reactants
Shift it toward the side with higher total mole concentration
Shift it toward the side with lower total mole concentration
Question 4(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(07.07 MC)
What change would shift the equilibrium system to the left?
A(g) + B(s) + Energy ⇌ 3C(g)
Adding more of gas C to the system
Heating the system
Increasing the volume
Removing some of gas C from the system
Question 5(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(07.07 MC)
A chemical equilibrium between gaseous reactants and products is shown.
N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g)
How will the reaction be affected if the pressure on the system is decreased?
It will shift toward the reactant side because the reactant side has one more mole of gas than the product side.
It will shift toward the product side as there are more oxygen atoms in the gas on the product side.
It will shift toward the reactant side as there is lower pressure on the reactant side.
It will shift toward the product side as there is higher pressure on the product side.
Question 6 (True/False Worth 2 points)
(07.07 LC)
According to Le Châtelier's principle, an increase in temperature will shift the equilibrium position toward the products in an endothermic reaction.
True
False
Question 7(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(07.07 MC)
What stress would shift the equilibrium position of the following system to the right?
N2O3(g) ⇌ NO(g) + NO2(g); ΔH is negative
Decreasing the concentration of N2O3
Heating the system
Adding a catalyst
Increasing the concentration of NO
Answer:
Question 1: 1) Increasing the pressure C) Shift to the right
2) Removing hydrogen gas A) Shift to the left
3) Adding a catalyst B) No effect
Question 2: This reaction is exothermic because the system shifted to the right on cooling.
Question 3: Shift it toward the reactants.
Question 4: Adding more of gas C to the system.
Question 5: It will shift toward the reactant side because the reactant side has one more mole of gas than the product side.
Question 6: True.
Question 7: there is no suitable choice is provided.
We can shift the equilibrium toward the right via:
Increasing N2O3 concentration,
decreasing NO and/or NO2 concentration,
decreasing the pressure,
lowering the T (cooling the system).
Explanation:
Question 1: Match the action to the effect on the equilibrium position for the reaction N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g).
Match Term Definition
Removing ammonia A) No effect
Removing hydrogen gas B) Shift to the left
Adding a catalyst C) Shift to the right
Le Châtelier's principle states that when there is an dynamic equilibrium, and this equilibrium is disturbed by an external factor, the equilibrium will be shifted in the direction that can cancel the effect of the external factor to reattain the equilibrium.1) Increasing the pressure:
When there is an increase in pressure, the equilibrium will shift towards the side with fewer moles of gas of the reaction. And when there is a decrease in pressure, the equilibrium will shift towards the side with more moles of gas of the reaction.The reactants side (left) has 4.0 moles of gases and the products side (right) has 2.0 moles of gases.So, increasing the pressure will shift the reaction to the side with lower moles of gas (right side).so, the right match is: C) Shift to the right.
2) Removing hydrogen gas:
Removing hydrogen gas will decrease the concentration of the products side, so the reaction will be shifted to the lift side to suppress the decrease in the concentration of hydrogen gas by removing.so, the right match is: A) Shift to the left.
3) Adding a catalyst:
Catalyst increases the rate of the reaction without affecting the equilibrium position.Catalyst increases the rate via lowering the activation energy of the reaction.This can occur via passing the reaction in alternative pathway (changing the mechanism).The activation energy is the difference in potential energies between the reactants and transition state (for the forward reaction) and it is the difference in potential energies between the products and transition state (for the reverse reaction).in the presence of a catalyst, the activation energy is lowered by lowering the energy of the transition state, which is the rate-determining step, catalysts reduce the required energy of activation to allow a reaction to proceed and, in the case of a reversible reaction, reach equilibrium more rapidly.with adding a catalyst, both the forward and reverse reaction rates will speed up equally, which allowing the system to reach equilibrium faster.so, the right match is: B) No effect.
Question 2: Nitrogen dioxide gas is dark brown in color and remains in equilibrium with dinitrogen tetroxide gas, which is colorless.
2NO2(g) ⇌ N2O4(g)
When the light brown color equilibrium mixture was moved from room temperature to a lower temperature, the mixture turned lighter brown in color. Which of the following conclusions about this equilibrium mixture is true?
Moving from room temperature to a lower temperature, means that the T is decreased.The mixture turned lighter brown in color, means that the reaction is shifted towards the products side.Moving towards the product side, means that we decreased the concentration of the product side, which ,means that the heat is evolved from the reaction and the reaction is exothermic.
So, the right choice is: This reaction is exothermic because the system shifted to the right on cooling.
Question 3: According to Le Châtelier's principle, how will a decrease in concentration of a reactant affect the equilibrium system?
A decrease in the reactants concentration will disturb the equilibrium position of the system. To attain the equilibrium again, the system will be shifted to the lift (reactants side) to increases the concentration of the reactants and attain the equilibrium again.
So, the right choice is: Shift it toward the reactants.
Note: The answer of Q 4, 5, 6 & 7 and all answers are in the attached word file.
These questions are based on Le Châtelier's principle and relate to the effects of changes in concentration, temperature, and pressure on chemical equilibrums. The reaction will always try to offset the disturbance by shifting towards the side that will help restore equilibrium.
Explanation:The answers are based on Le Châtelier's principle, which states that equilibrium in a system will adjust to offset any changes made.
On removing ammonia, the system will try to replace those lost, causing the reaction to shift to the right. On removing hydrogen gas, the system will also try to replace it causing a shift to the left.Adding a catalyst doesn't affect the position of the equilibrium because it speeds up the rates of the forward and reverse reactions equally.As the mixture turned a lighter brown when the temperature was decreased, the reaction shifted to the right favoring the formation of N2O4, a colourless gas. This is because exothermic reactions are favored by a decrease in temperature. Therefore, this reaction is exothermic and shifts to the right on cooling.A decrease in concentration of a reactant would shift the equilibrium toward the reactants to try and replace the lost quantity.Removing some of gas C from the system would shift the equilibrium to the left to try to replace the lost quantity.If pressure on the system is decreased, the system will shift towards the side with the greater number of moles of gas, in this case, the reactant side. This creates more mole of gas, offsetting the decrease in pressure.An increase in temperature will indeed shift the equilibrium towards products in an endothermic reaction, in a bid to use up the excess heat.For the last question, as the reaction is exothermic, heat is a product. Therefore, heating the system would shift the reaction to the left.Learn more about Le Châtelier's principle here:https://brainly.com/question/12099569
#SPJ3
How many moles are there in
15 grams of:
CaCO3
204 grams of:
Al203
1) moles = mass/mR
CaCO3 Mr = 40 + 12 + (16×3)
= 52 + 48
= 100
mass = 15
so the moles would be 15 ÷ 100
which is 0.15 moles of CaCO3
2) moles = mass ÷ Mr
Mr of Al2O3 = 27 + (16×3)
= 27 + 48
= 75
mass = 204
so the moles would be 204/75 which is 2.72 moles of Al2O3
There are 0.15 moles in 15 grams of CaCO₃ and 2 moles in 204 grams of Al₂O₃.
To determine the number of moles in a given mass of a substance, you can use the formula:
moles = mass (grams) / molar mass (g/mol)
Calculating Moles of CaCO₃:We know the molar mass of CaCO₃ is 100 g/mol
(Ca: 40.0, C: 12.0, O: 16.0 × 3).
Given mass of CaCO₃ is 15 grams.
Apply the formula: moles = 15 g / 100 g/mol
= 0.15 moles
Calculating Moles of Al₂O₃:We calculate the molar mass of Al₂O₃:
Al: 27.0 × 2 = 54.0
O: 16.0 × 3 = 48.0
Total molar mass of Al₂O₃ = 54.0 + 48.0 = 102 g/mol
Given mass of Al₂O₃ is 204 grams.
Apply the formula: moles = 204 g / 102 g/mol = 2 moles
Complete question.
How many moles are there in :
15 grams of CaCO₃204 grams of Al₂0₃Determine the percent ionization of a 0.215 m solution of benzoic acid.
Answer:
1.69%Explanation:
The percent ionization of a weak acid is the percent of the original acid that ionizes.
% ionization = [ concentration of the ion at equilibrium / original concentration of acid ] × 100You may calculate the percent ionization of an acid of known concentration, from the equilibrium constant.
So, to determine the percent ionization of a 0.215 M solution of benzoic acid, you must look for the equilibrium (dissociation or ionization) constant.
Equilibrium constants depend on temperature. So, you must know the temperature.
For this question, I will assume 25°C, for which you can find that the dissociation constant, Ka, for benzoic acid is 6.25×10⁻⁵.
With that, you follow these steps:
1. Write the ionization equation:
C₆H₅CO₂H ⇄ C₆H₅CO₂⁻ + H⁺ (simplified version)2. Calculate the concentration of the ion C₆H₅CO₂⁻ at equilibrium
ICE (initial, change, equilibrium) table:C₆H₅CO₂H ⇄ C₆H₅CO₂⁻ + H⁺
I 0.215 0 0
C - x + x + x
E 0.215 - x x x
Equilibrium expression:
Ka = x² / 0.215 - x = 6.25×10⁻⁵
Solve for x (assume 0.215 >> x)x² = 0.215 × 6.25×10⁻⁵ = 0.0000078125
x = 0.00367 M
If you do not make the assumption but solve the quadratic equation you will get x = 0.00363 M
3. Calculate the percent ionization:
With x = 0.00363 M (exact calculation)
% = [0.00363 / 0.215] × 100 = 1.69%With x = 0.00367 M
% = [0.00367 /0.215] × 100 = 1.71%The percentage ionization is equal to 1.74%
Data;
concentration of benzoic acid = 0.215MThe Equation of Reaction[tex]HC_7H_5O_2 + H_2O \to C_7H_5O_2^- + H_3O^+\\[/tex]
initial 0.215 - - -
change -x +x +x
equilibrium 0.215 - x x x
The equilibrium concentration of the acid
[tex]K_a = \frac{[C_7H_5O_2^-][H_3O^+}{[HC_7H_5O_2]}[/tex]
Let's substitute the value in this
[tex]K_a = \frac{x.x}{0.215-x}\\ K_a = \frac{x^2}{0.215-x} \\[/tex]
The Ka for benzoic acid is 6.5*10^-5
[tex]6.5*10^-^5 = \frac{x^2}{0.215 - x} \\[/tex]
since the value of Ka is very small.
0.215 - x = 0.215
[tex]x^2 = 6.5*10^-^5 * 0.215\\x = \sqrt{1.3975*10^-^5} \\x = 3.738*10^-^3[/tex]
[tex][H_3O^+] = x = 3.738*10^-^3[/tex]
The percentage ionization would be
[tex]\frac{[H_3O^+}{[HC_7H_5O_7]} * 100= \frac{3.738*10^10^-^3}{0.215} * 100 = 1.74 \%[/tex]
The percentage ionization is equal to 1.74%
Learn more on percentage ionization here;
https://brainly.com/question/15073874
https://brainly.com/question/9173942
what was the initial pressure of 14.8 mL of gas at 75.5 C , when it occupied a volume of 16.5 mL at 70.2 C and 101.3 kPa?
Answer:
1038.96 kPa
Explanation:
We’ll use the ideal gas law; P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
P1*14.8/75.5 = 101.3*16.5/70.2
P1 = (101.3 * 16.5 * 75.5) / (70.2 *14.8)
P1 = 1038.96
Imagine you are on a roller coaster. Imagine that you are riding a skateboard or running across a ball field. What are some clues that you are moving?
✯Hello✯
↪ You can see the setting changing around you
↪ You can feel a higher pressure/wind on your face
↪ There is adrenaline going through you
↪ (if this isnt the context you are looking for just comment)
❤Gianna❤
When does a physical change occur
A physical change occurs when something is altered. Such as cutting a piece of paper or chopping a piece of wood into pieces. Melting ice, breaking glass, evaporating liquids are go through a physical change.
Determine the pH of 0.050 M HNO3 solution. HNO3 is a strong acid.
Answer: 1.30
Explanation:
pH or pOH is the measure of acidity or alkalinity of a solution.
pH is calculated by taking negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration.
[tex]pH=-\log [H^+][/tex]
[tex]pH+pOH=14[/tex]
Given: 0.050 M [tex]HNO_3[/tex]
[tex]HNO_3\rightarrow H^++NO_3^-[/tex]
Concentration of [tex]H^+[/tex] = 0.050 M
[tex]pH=-log[0.050M][/tex]
[tex]pH=1.30[/tex]
Thus pH of 0.050 M of [tex]HNO_3[/tex] is 1.30.
Answer:
1.30 is the pH balance
Explanation:
How does the charge of one electron compare to that of another electron? How does it compare with the charge of a proton? How do the masses of protons and electrons compare?
Answer:
a) The charge of one electron is the same charge of another electron.
b) The charge of one electron has the same magnitude and opposite sign as the charge of a proton. The charge of an electron is negative by convention and the charge of a proton is positive by convention.
c) The mass of a proton is about 1,836 times the mass of an electron.
Explanation:
1) Electron discovery is due to J.J Thompson who is responsible for the famous experiment of the cathode-rays tube. J.J Thompson, in 1897, found that cathode rays could be deflected by an electric field. He could establish that electrons had negative charge, and also determined the approximate the ratio of its charge to the mass. Yet, he could not determine such magnitudes.
2) Later on, Ernest Rutherford, with the famous gold foil experiment, found that all of the positive charge (proton) and essentially all of the mass of the atom is concentrated in a tiny region which he named the nucleus.
3) Since, the atom has the same number of electrons and protons, and it is neutral, the charge magnitude of the charges electrons and protons are equal.
4) Robert Millikan, 1908 - 1917, was able to determine the charge of the electron, with which the mass was also determined.
The accepted relative values for the subatomic particles are:
Particle Relative mass Relative charge
Proton 1 +1
Neutron 1 0
Electron 1/ 1,836 -1
Answer:
all electrons have same charge. Electron is equal and opp to proton
Protean mass of electron
Explanation:
Which of the following is the best lewis symbol for oxygen?
The best Lewis symbol for oxygen in O2 is :O=O:, showing a double bond and octets for each oxygen atom. This structure, however, does not explain the paramagnetic properties of oxygen, which are due to unpaired electrons not depicted in the Lewis symbol.
Explanation:The best Lewis symbol for oxygen, when considering the molecule O₂, is :O=O:. This Lewis structure indicates that there is an O=O double bond and each oxygen atom has eight electrons around it, satisfying the octet rule. However, this structure does not account for the paramagnetic properties of oxygen, which experimental studies have shown is due to the presence of two unpaired electrons in each oxygen molecule.
Because the Lewis structure of O₂ is expected to show all electrons as paired, there is a discrepancy with the observed magnetic behavior. Paramagnetism arises in molecules that have unpaired electrons, which is why liquid oxygen is attracted to magnetic fields despite the Lewis structure suggesting otherwise.
Iron will react with oxygen to produce iron III oxide. How many moles of iron lll oxide will be produced if .32 mol of Fe reacts
This chart shows discrpitions of the atoms for four different substances. Which substance is a solid
Atoms that are bunched together the closest are solids.
Which of the listed statements describes the results of the following reaction? C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 → 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + Energy A) C 6 H 12 O 6 is oxidized and O 2 is reduced. B) O 2 is oxidized and H 2 O is reduced. C) CO 2 is reduced and O 2 is oxidized. D) O 2 is reduced and CO 2 is oxidized.
Answer:
Answer: option A) C₆H₁₂O₆ is oxidized and O₂ is reducedExplanation:
1) Chemical equation:
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂+ 6H₂O + Energy2) Oxidation states in the reactants
a) C₆H₁₂O₆
The oxidation state of all H atoms is +1.The oxidation state of all O atoms is -2Here, you will see that the oxidation state of carbon in glucose is zero.
There are 6 atoms of C which may have different oxidation number.
You can work with a more developed formula such as:
O OH OH OH OH OH
║ | | | | |
H - C¹ - C² - C³ - C⁴ - C⁵ - C⁶ - H
| | | | |
H H H H H
C¹ is bonded to one O, one C and one H.∴ C¹ 's oxidation state may be determined from x + (−2) + (0) + (+1) = 0
⇒ x = + 1
C²,C³,C⁴, and C⁵ are bonded to one OH radical, two C atoms, and one H atoms.∴ Their oxidation states are given by:
x + (−1) + 2(0) + (+1) = 0 ⇒ x=0
C⁶ is bonded to one OH, one C, and two H atoms.∴ C⁶ 's oxidation state may be determined from:
x + (−1) + (0) + 2(+1) = +1 ⇒ x = −1
The overall oxidation state of C in that molecules is the algebraic sum of all each of C atom oxidation states: +1 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + (-1) = 0
b) O₂ : since it is alone, its oxidation state is zero.
3) Oxidation states in the products
c) CO₂
Oxidation state of O: -2Oxidation state of C: +4d) H₂O
Oxidation state of O: -2Oxidation state of H: + 14) Changes in the oxidation state
C changed from 0 in the reactats to +4 in the productsO changed from O in the reactants to - 2 in the products5) Conclusion:
Since C increased its oxidation state, it is oxidizedSince O reduced its oxidation state, it is reduced.Answer: option A) C₆H₁₂O₆ is oxidized and O₂ is reducedAnswer:
C₆H₁₂O₆ is oxidized and O₂ is reduced.
Explanation: