Assuming that all the H comes from HCl, how many grams of sodium hydrogen carbonate will totally neutralize the stomach acid?

Answer:

∴ wt% CCl4 = 50.597 %

∴ wt% C9H10 = 46.541 %

∴ wt% C9H12 = 2.861 %

Explanation:

⇒ mass sln = 71.1 g CCl4 + 65.4 C9H10 + 4.02 g C9H12

⇒ mass sln = 140.52 g

∴ CCl4:

⇒ wt% CCl4 = ((71.1 g CCl4)/(140.82 g sln))×100

⇒ wt% CCl4 = 50.597 %

∴ C9H10:

⇒ wt% C9H10 = ((65.4 g C9H10)/(140.52 g sln))×100

⇒ wt% C9H10 = 46.541 %

∴ C9H12:

⇒ wt% C9H12 = ((4.02 g C9H12)/(140.52 g sln))×100

⇒ wt% C9H12 = 2.861 %

The percent by mass of each component in the solution is calculated by dividing each component's mass by the total mass and multiplying by 100. The results are 50.62% for carbon tetrachloride, 46.53% for isopropenylbenzene, and 2.86% for 2-ethyltoluene.

In order to calculate the percent by mass of each component of the solution, the total mass of the solution needs to be determined first. The total mass would be obtained by summing the individual masses of the carbon tetrachloride, isopropenylbenzene, and 2-ethyltoluene. That is, 71.1 g + 65.4 g + 4.02 g = 140.52 g.

Then, the mass of each component is divided by the total mass and multiplied by 100 to obtain the percentage.

Our three significant figures in each of the percentages are due to the fact that our least precise measurement, 4.02 g of 2-ethyltoluene, has four significant figures.

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Answer:

[KIO₃] = 0.548 M

Explanation:

Molarity is a sort of concentration which involves moles of solute in 1L of solution.

Volume of solution 5L

Mass of solution: 587 g

Let's convert the mass to moles (mass / molar mass)

587 g / 214 g/mol = 2.74 moles

Molarity is mol/L → 2.74 mol / 5L = 0.548 M

The temperature represented by a root-mean-square velocity of 1150 m/s for water molecules in a flame is approximately [tex]5.74 \cdot 10^2^4 Kelvin.[/tex]

The temperature represented by a root-mean-square velocity of water molecules can be calculated using the formula:

[tex]\[ v_{rms} = \sqrt{\frac{3kT}{m}} \][/tex]

Where:

- [tex]\( v_{rms} \)[/tex] = root-mean-square velocity of the molecules (1150 m/s in this case)

[tex]\( k \) = Boltzmann constant (1.38 x 10^-23 J/K)\\\( T \) = temperature in Kelvin (what we're trying to find)\\\( m \) = molecular mass of the water (18.0 g/mol or 0.018 kg/mol)[/tex]

Now, we can rearrange the formula to solve for \( T \):

[tex]\[ T = \frac{m v_{rms}^2}{3k} \][/tex]

Substitute the given values:

[tex]\[ T = \frac{0.018 kg/mol \times (1150 m/s)^2}{3 \times 1.38 \times 10^{-23} J/K} \][/tex]

Calculating:

[tex]\[ T = \frac{0.018 \times 1322500}{4.14 \times 10^{-23}} \]\[ T \approx \frac{23745}{4.14 \times 10^{-23}} \]\[ T \approx 5.74 \times 10^{24} K \][/tex]

The temperature represented by a root-mean-square velocity of 1150 m/s for water molecules in a flame is approximately [tex]5.74 \cdot 10^2^4 Kelvin.[/tex]

To calculate the temperature, we used the formula for root-mean-square velocity and rearranged it to solve for temperature. Plugging in the given values, we obtained the temperature in Kelvin. This extremely high temperature result suggests that either the calculation or the assumptions about the system may not be accurate or applicable in a real-world scenario.

Complete Question:

Suppose that the root-mean-square velocity vrms of water molecules (molecular mass is equal to 18.0 g/mol) in a flame is found to be 1150 m/s. What temperature does this represent?

Answer:

0.0016 mol/(L.s)

Explanation:

The rate of a reaction (r) can be calculated by the initial concentration of the reagent, by the expression:

-r = k*[reagent]ⁿ

Where the minus sign represents that the reagent is disappearing, k is the rate constant, which depends on the temperature, and n is the order of the reaction. For the reaction with more than 1 reagent, each reagent will have its order, which is determined by experiments. So, for n = 0:

-r = 0.0016*(1.50)⁰

-r = 0.0016 mol/(L.s)

Final answer:

The rate of a zero-order reaction is equal to the rate constant, which in the case of the hydrogenation of ethylene using a nickel catalyst is 0.0016 mol L.

Explanation:

To determine the rate of reaction for a zero-order reaction, we use the rate law which states that the rate is independent of the concentration of the reactants. Therefore, for a zero-order reaction, the rate of reaction ( ) is equal to the rate constant (k). Given that the rate constant k is 0.0016 mol L for the hydrogenation of ethylene, the rate of the reaction would simply be the same as the rate constant, which is 0.0016 mol L

Answer: noble gases are in reactive.

Explanation: noble gases are present in the right most corner of the periodic table in the 8th group. So their outermost shells are complete. Their boiling point, mass increases down the group. the have strong forces of interaction. their ionization energy decreases down the group

Answer:

C21H30O5

Explanation:

Cortisol with molecular formula C21H30O5 is a steroid hormone released by adrenal glands, it is involved in protein synthesis and can also help to control blood sugar level .

The question is incomplete, here is the complete question:

Consider this reaction occurring at 298 K:

[tex]N_2O(g)+NO_2(g)\rightleftharpoons 3NO(g)[/tex]

If a reaction mixture contains only [tex]N_2O\text{ and }NO_2[/tex] at partial pressures of 1.0 atm each, the reaction will be spontaneous until some NO forms in the mixture.

What maximum partial pressure of NO builds up before the reaction ceases to be spontaneous. Given that: [tex]\Delta G^o_{rxn}=107.8kJ/mol[/tex]

Answer: The maximum partial pressure of NO will be [tex]5.01\times 10^{-7}atm[/tex]

Explanation:

For the given chemical equation:

[tex]N_2O(g)+NO_2(g)\rightleftharpoons 3NO(g)[/tex]

The expression of [tex]K_p[/tex] for above equation follows:

[tex]K_p=\frac{p_{NO}^3}{p_{N_2O}\times p_{NO_2}}[/tex]

When the reaction ceases to be spontaneous, the [tex]\Delta G=0[/tex] (at equilibrium)

Relation between standard Gibbs free energy and equilibrium constant follows:

[tex]\Delta G=\Delta G^o+2.303RT\log K_p[/tex]

where,

[tex]\Delta G^o[/tex] = Standard Gibbs free energy = 107.8 kJ/mol = 107800  J/mol  (Conversion factor: 1 kJ = 1000 J )

R = Gas constant = [tex]8.314J/K mol[/tex]

T = temperature = 298 K

[tex]p_{N_2O}=1.00atm[/tex]

[tex]p_{NO_2}=1.00atm[/tex]

Putting values in above equation, we get:

[tex]0=107800J/mol+(2.303\times 8.314J/Kmol)\times 298K\times \log (\frac{p_{NO}^3}{1.00\times 1.00})[/tex]

[tex]-107800=5705.85\times \log (\frac{p_{NO}^3}{1.00\times 1.00})\\\\-18.893=\log (p_{NO}^3)-\log (1.00)\\\\-18.893=3\log (p_{NO})\\\\\log (p_{NO})=-6.30\\\\p_{NO}=10^{-6.30}=5.01\times 10^{-7}atm[/tex]

Hence, the maximum partial pressure of NO will be [tex]5.01\times 10^{-7}atm[/tex]

Answer : A nucleotide is composed of a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing base.

Explanation :

Nucleotide : It is a building block of nucleic acids or we can say that it is building block of DNA and RNA.

It is composed of three sub-unit molecules which are a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar and one phosphate group.

Nucleotide forms covalent bonds with other nucleotide for the formation of the nucleic acid strand.

Hence, a nucleotide is composed of a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing base.

A nucleotide is composed of a a. phosphate group, a nitrogen-containing base, and a hydrocarbon glycerol.

A nucleotide is a fundamental building block of nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA. It consists of three essential components: a phosphate group, a nitrogen-containing base, and a sugar molecule, not a hydrocarbon glycerol. The phosphate group provides a negatively charged backbone, linking individual nucleotides together through phosphodiester bonds, forming the nucleic acid's backbone.

The nitrogen-containing base can be adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), guanine (G) in DNA, or uracil (U) instead of thymine in RNA. The sugar molecule, deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA, forms the structural framework to which the phosphate group and nitrogenous base are attached.

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Answer: The substance that produces fewest particles is [tex]CH_2Cl_2[/tex]

Explanation:

Ionization reaction is defined as the reaction in which an ionic compound dissociates into its ions when dissolved in aqueous solution.

Covalent compounds do not dissociate into ions when dissolved in aqueous solution.

For the given options:

The chemical formula of sodium nitrate is [tex]NaNO_3[/tex]

The ionization reaction for the given compound follows:

[tex]NaNO_3(aq.)\rightarrow Na^+(aq.)+NO_3^-(aq.)[/tex]

This produces in total of 2 ions.

The given compound is a covalent compound and do not dissociate into its ions. It remains as such as a single unit.

The chemical name for the given compound is potassium sulfate.

The ionization reaction for the given compound follows:

[tex]K_2SO_4(aq.)\rightarrow 2K^+(aq.)+SO_4^{2-}(aq.)[/tex]

This produces in total of 3 ions.

The chemical formula of sodium phosphate is [tex]Na_3PO_4[/tex]

The ionization reaction for the given compound follows:

[tex]Na_3PO_4(aq.)\rightarrow 3Na^+(aq.)+PO_4^{3-}(aq.)[/tex]

This produces in total of 4 ions.

Hence, the substance that produces fewest particles is [tex]CH_2Cl_2[/tex]

Answer:

[tex]C_6H_{12}O_6[/tex]

Explanation:

Mass of water obtained = 0.0609 g

Molar mass of water = 18 g/mol

Moles of [tex]H_2O[/tex] = 0.0609 g /18 g/mol = 0.00338 moles

2 moles of hydrogen atoms are present in 1 mole of water. So,

Moles of H = 2 x 0.00338 = 0.00676 moles

Molar mass of H atom = 1.008 g/mol

Mass of H in molecule = 0.00676 x 1.008 = 0.00681 g

Mass of carbon dioxide obtained = 0.1486 g

Molar mass of carbon dioxide = 44.01 g/mol

Moles of [tex]CO_2[/tex] = 0.1486 g  /44.01 g/mol = 0.00337 moles

1 mole of carbon atoms are present in 1 mole of carbon dioxide. So,

Moles of C = 0.00337 moles

Molar mass of C atom = 12.0107 g/mol

Mass of C in molecule = 0.00337 x 12.0107 = 0.04047 g

Given that the compound only contains hydrogen, oxygen and carbon. So,

Mass of O in the sample = Total mass - Mass of C  - Mass of H

Mass of the sample = 0.1014 g

Mass of O in sample = 0.1014 - 0.04047 - 0.00681 = 0.05412 g  

Molar mass of O = 15.999 g/mol

Moles of O  = 0.05412  / 15.999  = 0.00338 moles

Taking the simplest ratio for H, O and C as:

0.00676 : 0.00338 : 0.00337

= 2 : 1 : 1

The empirical formula is = [tex]CH_2O[/tex]

Molecular formulas is the actual number of atoms of each element in the compound while empirical formulas is the simplest or reduced ratio of the elements in the compound.

Thus,  

Molecular mass = n × Empirical mass

Where, n is any positive number from 1, 2, 3...

Mass from the Empirical formula = 1×12 + 2×1 + 16= 30 g/mol

Molar mass = 180 g/mol

So,  

Molecular mass = n × Empirical mass

180 = n × 30

⇒ n = 6

The formula of compound = [tex]C_6H_{12}O_6[/tex]

Final answer:

The molecular formula of the compound is (CHO)6.

Explanation:

To determine the molecular formula of the compound, we need to find the empirical formula first. We can do this by finding the moles of carbon and hydrogen in the sample using the masses of CO2 and H2O produced.

Mass of CO2 = 0.1486 g
Mass of H2O = 0.0609 g

Now, we need to convert the masses of CO2 and H2O to moles and divide by the smallest value to find the ratio of moles of carbon to hydrogen.

After finding the ratio, we multiply it by a common factor to get whole numbers. In this case, the ratio is 1:1, so the empirical formula is CHO.

The empirical formula has a molar mass of 30 g/mol.

To find the molecular formula, we divide the given molar mass of 180 g/mol by the empirical formula molar mass. The result is 6, which means the molecular formula is (CHO)6.

Complete Question:

If heat is added to ice and liquid water in a closed container and after the addition of the heat, ice and liquid water remain, (A) the vapor pressure of the water will decrease. (B) the temperature will increase somewhat. (C) the temperature will decrease somewhat. (D) the vapor pressure of the water will remain constant.

Answer:

A

Explanation:

When heat is added to a system, the internal energy of the molecules increases, and they become more agitated, because of that the temperature intends to increase. But when exists a liquid-vapor equilibrium this increase of temperature may be balanced by the vapor pressure.

The vapor pressure is the pressure that the vapor does when it is in equilibrium with the liquid. So, as higher is it, as easy it will be to the liquid to evaporate. When the temperature increases more liquid will evaporate, because the molecules are more agitated, and so the vapor pressure must increase.

But, if the ice and liquid remain, it indicates that no liquid was evaporated, so, the pressure decreased, to avoid the effect of the temperature, which will remain constant.

The question is incomplete, here is the complete question:

A chemist prepares a solution of mercury(II) iodide [tex](HgI_2)[/tex] by measuring out 0.0122 µmol of mercury(II) iodide into a 400 mL volumetric flask and filling the flask to the mark with water.

Calculate the concentration in mol/L of the chemist's mercury(II) iodide solution. Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits.

Answer: The molarity of chemist's mercury (II) iodide solution is [tex]3.05\times 10^{-8}mol/L[/tex]

Explanation:

To calculate the molarity of solution, we use the equation:

[tex]\text{Molarity of the solution}=\frac{\text{Moles of solute}\times 1000}{\text{Volume of solution (in mL)}}[/tex]

We are given:

Moles of mercury (II) iodide = [tex]0.0122\mu mol=0.0122\times 10^{-6}mol[/tex]    (Conversion factor:  [tex]1mol=10^6\mu mol[/tex] )

Volume of solution = 400. mL

Putting values in above equation, we get:

[tex]\text{Molarity of }HgI_2=\frac{0.0122\times 10^{-6}\times 1000}{400.}\\\\\text{Molarity of }HgI_2=3.05\times 10^{-8}mol/L[/tex]

Hence, the molarity of chemist's mercury (II) iodide solution is [tex]3.05\times 10^{-8}mol/L[/tex]

Answer:

[H⁺] = 16.6 (±1.9) x10⁻⁴ M

Explanation:

The pH is defined as:

So we can calculate [H⁺]:

[H⁺] = 1.66x10⁻³ M

The relative uncertainty in [H⁺] is

Thus the uncertainty in the concentration is:

1.66x10⁻³ M * 0.115 = 1.91x10⁻⁴ M

Answer: 8.7 grams

Explanation:

According to avogadro's law, 1 mole of every substance occupies 22.4 L at STP and contains avogadro's number [tex]6.023\times 10^{23}[/tex] of particles.  

To calculate the moles, we use the equation:

[tex]\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text {Molar mass}}=\frac{4.6g}{27g/mol}=0.17moles[/tex]

[tex]4Al(s)+3O_2(g)\rightarrow 2Al_2O_3(s)[/tex]

As oxygen is in excess, Aluminium is the limiting reagent and limits the formation of products.

According to stoichiometry:

4 moles of aluminium give = 2 moles of [tex]Al_2O_3(s)[/tex]

Thus 0.17 moles of aluminium give=[tex]\frac{2}{4}\times 0.17=0.085mol[/tex]

Mass of [tex]Al_2O_3=moles\times {\text {molar mass}}=0.085\times 102g/mol=8.7g[/tex]

Thus the mass of [tex]Al_2O_3(s)[/tex]  is 8.7 grams

To find the minimum number of fuel canisters needed to heat the water to boiling point, calculate the heat required to heat the water and compare it to the heat released from burning one canister of propane.

To find the minimum number of fuel canisters needed to heat the water to boiling point each day, we can calculate the heat required to heat 5.0kg of water from 25°C to its boiling point and compare it to the heat released from burning one canister of propane.

The heat required to heat the water is given by the equation Q = mCΔT, where m is the mass of the water, C is the specific heat capacity of water, and ΔT is the temperature change. The specific heat capacity of water is approximately 4.184 J/g°C.

We can use the equation Q = nΔH, where n is the number of moles of fuel burned and ΔH is the heat of combustion, to calculate the heat released from burning one canister of propane. The heat of combustion of propane is given as -2219.2 kJ/mol.

By equating the two equations and solving for n, we can find the number of moles of fuel burned by one canister of propane. Then, we can use the molar mass of propane (44.1 g/mol) to find the mass of propane burned by one canister. Finally, by dividing the total mass of water to be heated by the mass of propane burned by one canister, we can find the minimum number of fuel canisters needed.

By following these calculations, the minimum number of fuel canisters required to heat the water to boiling point each day will be: {number of canisters}.

The mass of HCl that is contained in the solution is 147 g HCl

Why?

To find the mass of HCl we have to apply what is called a conversion factor. In a conversion factor we put the units we don't want at the bottom, and the ones we want at the top.

For this question, we want to go from liters of solution to mass of HCl, and the conversion factor is laid out as follows:

[tex]0.356Lsolution*\frac{1000mL}{1L}*\frac{1.19 g solution}{1 mL solution}*\frac{34.70 g HCl}{100 g solution}=147 g HCl[/tex]

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Answer:

Partial pressure N₂ . (Partial pressure H₂O)² / (Partial pressure H₂)² . (Partial pressure NO)² = Kp

Explanation:

The reaction is:

2NO + 2H₂ → N₂ + 2H₂O

The expression for Kp (pressure equilibrium constant) would be:

Partial pressure N₂ . (Partial pressure H₂O)² / (Partial pressure H₂)² . (Partial pressure NO)²

There is another expression for Kp, where you work with Kc (equilibrium constant)

Kp = Kc (R.T)^Δn

where R is the Ideal Gases constant

T° is absolute temperature

Δn = moles of gases formed - moles of gases, I had initially

The pressure equilibrium constant expression for the reaction 2NO + 2H2 -> N2 + 2H2O is Kp = (p(N2))^1 * (p(H2O))^2 / (p(NO))^2 * (p(H2))^2.

The pressure equilibrium constant expression is defined as the ratio of the product of the partial pressures of the products raised to their stoichiometric coefficients divided by the product of the partial pressures of the reactants raised to their stoichiometric coefficients.

For the reaction 2NO + 2H2 -> N2 + 2H2O, the pressure equilibrium constant expression can be written as:

Kp = (p(N2))^1 * (p(H2O))^2 / (p(NO))^2 * (p(H2))^2

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Answer:

The increasing order of masses of molecule ions:

118 g/mol(75.8%) ,  120 g/mol(24.2%)

Explanation:

Chlorine occurs as 35-Cl (75.8%) and 37-Cl (24.2%).

Atomic mass of 35-Cl = 35 g/mol

Atomic mass of 37-Cl = 37 g/mol

Mass of Chlorocyclohexane in which 35-cl is present as a chlorine atom: [tex]C_6H_{11}Cl[/tex]

[tex]=6\times 12 g/mol+11\times 1 g/mol+1\times 35 g/mol=118 g/mol[/tex]

Mass of Chlorocyclohexane in which 37-Cl is present as a chlorine atom: [tex]C_6H_{11}Cl[/tex]

[tex]=6\times 12 g/mol+11\times 1 g/mol+1\times 37 g/mol=120 g/mol[/tex]

The increasing order of masses of molecule ions:

118 g/mol(75.8%) < 120 g/mol(24.2%)

Answer:

20.1 g

Explanation:

The solubility indicates how much of the solute the solvent can dissolve. A solution is saturated when the solvent dissolved the maximum that it can do, so, if more solute is added, it will precipitate. The solubility varies with the temperature. Generally, it increases when the temperature increases.

So, if the solubility is 40.3 g/L, and the volume is 500 mL = 0.5 L, the mass of the solute is:

40.3 g/L = m/V

40.3 g/L = m/0.5L

m = 40.3 g/L * 0.5L

m = 20.1 g

The solubility value indicates how much of compound X can be dissolved in water at 20°C. Considering we need a 500 mL solution, we require half the solubility of X in grams. Therefore, to calculate the required mass of X, we multiply solubility by volume, yielding a result of 20.15 g.

To calculate the mass of compound X required to prepare a saturated solution of 500 mL, we first need to understand the solubility value provided. The solubility of X is given as 40.3 g/L at 20°C, meaning that 1 L of water can dissolve 40.3 g of X at this temperature.

Since we need only 500 mL (or 0.5 L) of the solution, we will require half of the solubility value in grams of X. Therefore, by simple multiplication, we get:

X mass = Solubility * Volume

= 40.3 g/L * 0.5 L = 20.15 g

So, 20.15 g of compound X is needed for a saturated solution of 500 mL at 20°C.

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Answer:

1.3 × 10³ mL

Explanation:

Let's consider the following reaction.

Zn + 2 HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂

The percent yield is 78.0%. The real yield (R) of zinc chloride is 35.5 g. The theoretical yield (T) of zinc chloride is:

35.5 g (R) × (100 g T/ 78.0 g R) = 45.5 g T

The molar mass of zinc chloride is 136.29 g/mol. The moles corresponding to 45.5 g of zinc chloride is:

45.5 g × (1 mol/ 136.29 g) = 0.334 mol

The molar ratio of HCl to ZnCl₂ is 2:1. The moles of HCl that react with 0.334 moles of ZnCl₂ are 2 × 0.334 mol = 0.668 mol.

We need 0.668 moles of a 0.50 M HCl solution. The volume required is:

0.668 mol × (1000 mL/0.50 mol) = 1.3 × 10³ mL

The heat of reaction,  ΔH°rxn, for overall reaction in coal gasification for the production of methane, CH₄ is 12.4 kJ

From the question,

We are to determine the heat of reaction for overall reaction for the production of methane in coal gasification

The equation for the reaction of coal gasification is

2C(coal) + 2H₂O → CO₂ + CH₄  

From the question,

We have the following equations of reactions

(1)        C(coal) + H₂O(g) → CO(g) + H₂(g)               ΔH°rxn = 129.7 kJ

(2)       CO(g) + H₂O(g) → CO₂(g) + H₂(g)               ΔH°rxn = -41 kJ

(3)       CO(g) + 3H₂(g) → CH₄(g) + H₂O(g)              ΔH°rxn = -206 kJ

Multiply (1) by 2 to get

(4)       2C(coal) + 2H₂O(g) → 2CO(g) + 2H₂(g)       ΔH°rxn = 259.4 kJ

Now, adding equations (2), (3), and (4), we get

(2)       CO(g) + H₂O(g) → CO₂(g) + H₂(g)               ΔH°rxn = -41 kJ

(3)       CO(g) + 3H₂(g) → CH₄(g) + H₂O(g)              ΔH°rxn = -206 kJ

(4)       2C(coal) + 2H₂O(g) → 2CO(g) + 2H₂(g)       ΔH°rxn = 259.4 kJ

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

          2C(coal) + 2H₂O(g) → CH₄(g) + CO₂(g)        ΔH°rxn = 12.4 kJ

Hence, the heat of reaction,  ΔH°rxn, for overall reaction in coal gasification for the production of methane, CH₄ is 12.4 kJ

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The heat of reaction, or ΔH°rxn, for the overall methane production reaction sequence is calculated by summing the enthalpy changes of the individual steps. This value comes out as -117.3 kJ per the application of Hess's Law.

In order to calculate the heat of reaction, ΔH°rxn, for overall methane production, we have to use Hess's Law. According to Hess's Law, if a process can be written as the sum of several stepwise processes, the enthalpy change of the total process equals the sum of the enthalpy changes of the various steps. The first reaction has an enthalpy change of 129.7 kJ, the second -41 kJ, and the third -206 kJ.

Now, to find the overall reaction, we will sum up the enthalpy of all these three reactions. So, ΔH°rxn for the overall reaction would be calculated as 129.7 kJ - 41 kJ - 206 kJ = -117.3 kJ. Hence, the heat of reaction for the given set of reactions for the production of methane will be -117.3 kJ.

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Answer:

214 milliliters of KOH needs to be added in 1 litre of 0.784 M acetic acid to make a acetate buffer of 5.31

Explanation:

To solve the problem, let us first use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to determine the amount of acetate needed to make a buffer of pH 5.31.

Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:

[tex]pH=pKa + log(\frac{[CH_{3}COO^{-}]}{[CH_{3}COOH]})[/tex]

Here, let us consider the moles of both species instead of the molar concentration, as the volume for both is the same. Also, acetate will be formed by the neutralization of acetic acid, hence the final moles of acetic acid will be the difference of initial moles of acetic acid and the moles of acetate formed. Now the equation becomes as follows:

[tex]pH=pKa + log(\frac{n_{ CH_{3}COO^{-}}}{n_{iCH_{3}COOH}-n_{ CH_{3}COO^{-}}}})[/tex]

From given data

pH = 5.31

pKa = 4.76

n(CH₃COO⁻) = ?

ni(CH₃COOH) = 0.784 mol (initial moles of acetic acid)

Placing the data in the equation, we get:

[tex]5.31=4.76 + log(\frac{n_{ CH_{3}COO^{-}}}{0.784-n_{ CH_{3}COO^{-}}}})\\ \\ n_{ CH_{3}COO^{-}}=10^{5.31-4.76}(0.784-(n_{ CH_{3}COO^{-}}))\\ \\ n_{ CH_{3}COO^{-}}= 2.78 mol-3.55(n_{ CH_{3}COO^{-}})\\ \\ n_{ CH_{3}COO^{-}}= 0.61mol[/tex]

The molar ratio of KOH and CH₃COOH is 1:1, i.e 1 mol of KOH will react with CH₃COOH and give 1 mol of acetate (CH₃COO⁻). Hence, 0.61 mol of KOH will give 0.61 mol of KOH. Now to determine the volume of 2.85 M KOH that contains 0.61 moles:

[tex]M_{KOH} =\frac{n_{KOH} }{V_{KOH} (L)}[/tex]

[tex]2.85=\frac{0.61}{V_{KOH} (L)}\\ \\ V_{KOH} (L)=\frac{0.61}{2.85}\\ \\ V_{KOH}=0.214 litre[/tex]

Finally convert liter into milliliter dividing by 1000 (mL/L)

Volume of KOH required = 214 milliliters

Answer:

pH = 1.98

Explanation:

Given a general acid dissociation:

HA + H₂O  ⇆  H₃O⁺   + A⁻    

The pH is -log[ H₃O⁺ ]

Therefore we need to determine [ H₃O⁺ ] to answer this question, and we should use the data of % dissociation of the acid.

Percent dissociation is

% dissociation = [ H₃O⁺ ] / [ HA ]₀ x 100

where [ HA ]₀  is the original acid concentration, so we can calculate [ H₃O⁺ ] , and then the pH.

12 =  [ H₃O⁺ ] /0.089 M ⇒  [ H₃O⁺ ]  = (12 x 0.089 /100) M

                                                          = 1.07 x 10⁻² M

and pH = - log ( 1.07 x 10⁻² ) = 1.98

To determine the pH of a 0.089M solution of an acid that is 12% dissociated, we first calculate the hydronium ion concentration and then use the formula for pH. After calculation, the pH is found to be 2.97.

To calculate the pH of the solution where the acid is 12% dissociated, we first need to determine the concentration of hydronium ions ([H+]) in the solution.

Given a 0.089M solution of an acid that is 12% dissociated, the concentration of dissociated hydronium ions is:

This concentration has three significant figures. Using the formula for pH which is:

The pH is then calculated as:

pH = -log(0.01068) = 2.97

The result is in the acidic pH range, and it has been rounded to two decimal places to match the number of significant figures from the initial concentration given.

Answer:

See picture below

Explanation:

To do this, we first need to know how are the bonds in this molecule are. To do so, let's calculate the number of insaturations in the molecule:

n°I = C+1 - (H-N+X)/2

These numbers indicate if the molecule has double bond, triple bond, ring, cyclo, among other options:

n°I = 3 - (3+1)/2

n°I = 1

As it's a very small molecule, we can assume this molecule only have a double bond, and it's an alkene.

So the lewis structure, shows the electrons and the bonding, and also shows the unshared electron pairs, depending on how much electron have each molecule.

In the case of carbon:

[C] = [He] 2s2 2p2 ----> 4 electrons

[H] = 1s1 ----> 1 electron

[Cl] = [Ne] 3s2 3p5 ----> 7 electrons.

Therefore, we also know that Carbon has a double bond, so, the main molecule would have something like this:

C = C

so next to the carbons, we can put two hydrogens and in the other carbon, the chlorine and the remaining hydrogen.

See picture below for structure:

The Lewis structure of C₂H₃Cl is attached in the image below.

Lewis structures are also known as Lewis dot structures or electron dot structures. They are diagrams that represent the arrangement of atoms and valence electrons in a molecule or ion.

In a Lewis structure, the symbol of each atom is used to represent the nucleus and inner-shell electrons, while dots or lines are used to represent the valence electrons. Valence electrons are the outermost electrons involved in bonding and determining the chemical properties of an atom. The image is attached below.

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Answer: 2.02mL

Explanation:

Density = 2.82 g/mL

Mass = 5.71 g

Volume =?

Density = Mass /volume

2.82 = 5.71 / Volume

Volume = 5.71 / 2.82

Volume = 2.02mL

Answer: 1.88times as that of Cl2

Explanation:

According to Graham law of effusion , the rate of effusion is inversely proportional to the square root of the molar mass

Rate= 1/√M

R1/R2 =√M2/M1

Let the rate of diffusion of Ne= R1

And rate of diffusion of Cl2 = R2

M1 ,molar mass of Ne= 20g/mol

M2,molar mass of Cl2 =71g/mol

R1/R2 = √ (71/20)

R1/R2 = 1.88

R1= 1.88R2

Therefore the Ne effuses at rate that is 1.88times than that of Cl2 at the same condition.

Using Graham's law of effusion, Ne gas is found to effuse approximately 1.88 times faster than Cl₂ gas under the same conditions.

This is because the rate of effusion is inversely proportional to the square root of molar mass.

To determine the rate at which Neon (Ne) effuses compared to Chlorine (Cl₂) under the same conditions, we can use Graham's law of effusion. According to Graham's law, the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass.

The molar mass of Ne is approximately 20 g/mol, and the molar mass of Cl₂ is approximately 71 g/mol. Applying Graham's law:

(Rate of Ne) / (Rate of Cl₂) = [tex]\sqrt{sqrt(Molar mass of Cl_{2} / Molar mass of Ne)}[/tex]

This means Ne gas effuses approximately 1.88 times faster than Cl₂ gas under the same conditions.

Explanation:

Apple cider vinegar or balsamic vinegar might contain various synthetics which might  interact with or nullified the findings, whereas white vinegar comprises of acidic acid only. In fact, apple cider vinegar and balsamic vinegar are deep in appearance this would make it very difficult to determine the color. This is why it is preferable to use white vinegar in the Titration process.

The challenge that would be encountered with the titration if you had used balsamic vinegar as an analyte is the inability to determine the endpoint of the titration with your naked eye.

An analyte, also known as a titrand is a solution whose concentration is needed to be determined. During titration, it will be difficult and impossible to determine the endpoint of titration because it will be difficult to catch the color changes with visible eyes.

To eliminate this difficulty, balsamic vinegar needs to be diluted with enough water to detect the color change, or the use of white vinegar is used.

Similarly, apple cider, as well as balsamic vinegar, comprises additional acid than acetic acid, this will increase the level of acidity during the titration, unlike white vinegar that contains only acetic acid.

Thus, the acid in apple cider vinegar or balsamic vinegar will be more and higher during titration compared to that of white vinegar.

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Answer:

a, b and d

Explanation:

Proper Solvent choice is very important for effective recrystallization.

Therefore, features of a good solvent are.

a. The solvent should dissolve a moderate quantity of the target substance near its boiling point but only.

b. The solvent should not react with the target substance.

d. The solvent should be easily removed from the purified product.

options c and d are not a property of good solvent.

Answer:Maintaining resting potential and returning to resting potential after the hyperpolarization phase of an action potential

Explanation:TOXINS are chemical substances which are known to be POISONOUS produced with living organisms that causes harm to other organisms, examples include Venom from snakes which when a person is bitten by a Snake it will possibly lead to death if not adequate treated.

HYPERPOLARIZATION is a term that explains the change in membrane potential due to toxin,it make the membrane more electronegative. When the toxin has hyped the level of Sodium-Potassium level returning to a rest state will be most affected.

Answer:

a. 3MnO2 + 4Al —> 3Mn+ 2Al2O3

3 moles of MnO2 required 4 moles of Al to produce 3 moles of Mn and 2moles of 2Al2O3

b. B203 + 3CaF2 —> 2BF3 + 3CaO

1mole of B203 requires 3 moles of CaF2 to produce 2moles of BF3 and 3 moles of CaO

c. 3NO2 + H2O —> 2HNO3 + NO

3 moles of NO2 requires 1mole of H2O to produce 2moles of HNO3 and 1mole of NO

d. C6H6 + 3H2 —> C6H12

1mole of C6H6 requires 3 moles of H2 to produce 1mole of C6H12

Final answer:

To balance the equations, ensure there are equal numbers of each atom. The balanced equations and their meanings in terms of molecules and moles are...

Explanation:

In order to balance the equations, you need to ensure that there are equal numbers of each type of atom on both sides of the equation. Here are the balanced equations for each reaction:

a. MnO2(s) + 2Al(s) -> Mn(s) + Al2O3(s)

b. B2O3(s) + 3CaF2(s) -> 2BF3(g) + 3CaO(s)

c. 2NO2(g) + H2O(l) -> HNO2(aq) + NO(g)

d. C6H6(g) + 3H2(g) -> C6H12(g)

In terms of the number of individual molecules, the balanced equation shows the ratio in which the reactants combine to form the products. In terms of moles of molecules, the balanced equation allows you to calculate the amount of each substance involved in the reaction using the mole ratio.