Answer: the element is Oxygen.
Explanation: Earth's troposphere hydrosphere and lithosphere contain large amounts of Oxygen. it is the most abundant element in the Earth's crust. Oxygen makes up 467,100 ppm (parts per million) of the Earth's crust, or 46.6%.
Oxygen is the primary element found in Earth's troposphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere, as part of the air, water (H2O), and silicate materials in many minerals and rocks.
Explanation:The Earth's troposphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere all contain large amounts of the element oxygen. The troposphere, part of the atmosphere, contains oxygen in the air we breathe, while the hydrosphere, which encompasses all water on Earth, would have oxygen as a component of H2O. In the lithosphere, which covers the crust and the upper part of the mantle, oxygen is found in many minerals and rocks as part of silicate materials.
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An ice-skater is moving at a constant velocity across an icy pond, The skater throws a snowball directly ahead.
Which of the following correctly describes the velocity of the center of mass of the skater-snowball system immediately after the snowball is thrown?
Assume friction and air resistance are negligible.
(A) It is equal to the velocity of the snowball.
(B) It is equal to the new velocity of the skater.
(C) It is equal to half the original velocity of the skater.
(D) It is equal to the original velocity of the skater.
Answer:
(D) It is equal to the original velocity of the skater.
Explanation:
The velocity of the center of mass of a system is
[tex]\vec{v}_{cm} = \frac{m1\vec{v}_1 + m_2\vec{v}_2}{m_1 + m_2}[/tex]
The velocity of the center of mass is constant if there is no external force, because the total momentum of the whole system is conserved.
So, before the snowball is thrown, the velocity of the center of mass is equal to that of the skater. This velocity will always be equal to the velocity of the center of mass of the system.
Immediately after the snowball is thrown, the velocity of the center of mass is equal to that of the skater. Option D is correct.
Velocity of the center of mass:
It is defined as the ratio of the sum of the momentum of the masses and total mass.
The velocity of the center of mass of a system given as
[tex]\bold {V_c_m = \dfrac {p_1 + p_2 } {m_1+m_2}}[/tex]
Where,
p1 - momentum of the first mass
p2 - momentum of the second mass
m1 + m1 - total mass of the system
If there is no external force, the velocity of the center of mass is constant because the total momentum of the whole system is conserved.
Therefore, immediately after the snowball is thrown, the velocity of the center of mass is equal to that of the skater.
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dante is leading a parade across the main street in front of city hall. Starting at city hall, he marches the parade 4 blocks east, then 3 blocks south. From there, the parade marches 1 block west and 9 blocks north and finally stops. What is the vector displacement and direction of the the parade, starting from the city hall and the stopping point? (1 point)
Displacement: 6.71 m, Direction: 63.4 degrees north of east
Displacement: 8.01 m, Direction: 21.9 degrees north of east
Displacement: 2.56 m, Direction: 39.7 degrees north of east
Displacement: 4.31 m, Direction: 88.1 degrees north of east
Answer:
The correct option is A)
Displacement: 6.71 m, Direction: 63.4 degrees north of east
Explanation:
Given that Dante is leading a parade across the main street in front of city hall.
Let, Initial location of parade is 0i+0j
One block of city is one units on the XY- graph
Statement 1: Parade marches the parade 4 blocks east, then 3 blocks south
New location of parade is 4i-3j
Statement 2: The parade marches 1 block west and 9 blocks north and finally stops.
Final location of parade is (4i-3j)+(-1i+9j)=3i+6j
Displacement is given by
Displacement = (Final destination)-(Initial destination)
Displacement = (3i+6j)-(0i+0j)=3i+6j
Thus,
Magnitude of displacement = [tex]\sqrt{3^{2}+6^{2}}[/tex]
= 6.71 m
Direction of displacement = [tex]tan^{-1}(\frac{Y}{X} )[/tex]
= [tex]tan^{-1}(\frac{6}{3} )[/tex]
= 63.43 NE
Therefore, the correct option is A) Displacement: 6.71 m, Direction: 63.4 degrees north of east
If you use a horizontal force of 33.0 N to slide a 11.0 kg wooden crate across a floor at a constant velocity, what is the coefficient of kinetic friction between the crate and the floor?
Answer:
μ= 0.3
Explanation:
Given that
F= 33 N
m = 11 kg
Given that crate is moving with constant velocity is means that acceleration of the crate is zero.If acceleration of the system is zero then the total force on the system will be balance.
Therefore
F= Friction force
F= μ m g
μ=Coefficient of friction
33 = μ x 10 x 11 ( take g= 10 m/s²)
3 = 10 μ
μ= 0.3
Therefore coefficient of friction will be 0.3 .
An 880 kg cannon at rest fires a 12.4 kg cannonball forward at 540 m/s. What is the recoil velocity of the cannon
Answer:
The recoil velocity of the cannon is 7.61 m/s in the opposite direction of the cannonball
Explanation:
Linear Momentum
The principle of conservation of the linear momentum establishes that the sum of the linear momentums of every object in an isolated system (no external forces) is constant, regardless of the interactions between them.
Let's think we have two objects with masses [tex]m_1[/tex] and [tex]m_2[/tex], moving at speeds [tex]v_1[/tex] and [tex]v_2[/tex]. If they collide and change their speeds to [tex]v_1'[/tex] and [tex]v_2'[/tex], then
[tex]m_1v_1+m_2v_2=m_1v_1'+m_2v_2'[/tex]
In our problem, the 880 kg cannon is initially at rest and has the cannonball of 12.4 Kg inside of it. As the initial speed of both joined objects is zero, the initial total momentum is zero. After the ball is fired, the ball moves at v_2=540 m/s. We need to find the recoil velocity of the cannon [tex]v_1'[/tex]
[tex]m_1v_1'+m_2v_2'=0[/tex]
[tex]\displaystyle m_1v_1'=-m_2v_2'[/tex]
[tex]\displaystyle v_1'=-\frac{m_2v_2'}{m_1}[/tex]
[tex]\displaystyle v_1'=-\frac{12.4(540)}{880}=-7.61\ m/s[/tex]
The recoil velocity of the cannon is 7.61 m/s in the opposite direction of the cannonball
Feces is usually about 40 percent water and 60 percent solid matter. Reducing the water content to 20 percent would most likely result in
Answer:
Constipation
Explanation:
An organism's bowel movement depends on the amount of water it has consumed. If the organism has not consumed enough water then the stool becomes hard and dry.
This makes it difficult for the organism to pass the stool. This condition is known as constipation.
Hence, here if the water content is reduced to 20 percent then this would likely result in constipation.
Suppose a yo-yo has a center shaft that has a 0.250 cm radius and that its string is being pulled.
(a) If the string is stationary and the yo-yo accelerates away from it at a rate of 1.50 m/s2, what is the angular acceleration of the yo-yo?
(b) What is the angular velocity after 0.750 s if it starts from rest?
(c) The outside radius of the yo-yo is 3.50 cm. What is the tangential acceleration of a point on its edge? Ans:
(a) 600 rad/s2,
(b) 450 rad/s,
(c) 21.0 m/s
Answer:
600 rad/s²
450 rad/s
21 m/s²
Explanation:
r = Radius
[tex]\omega_f[/tex] = Final angular velocity
[tex]\omega_i[/tex] = Initial angular velocity
[tex]\alpha[/tex] = Angular acceleration
t = Time taken
Linear acceleration is given by
[tex]a=r\alpha\\\Rightarrow \alpha=\dfrac{a}{r}\\\Rightarrow \alpha=\dfrac{1.5}{0.25\times 10^{-2}}\\\Rightarrow \alpha=600\ rad/s^2[/tex]
Angular acceleration of the yo-yo is 600 rad/s²
[tex]\omega_f=\omega_i+\alpha t\\\Rightarrow \omega_f=0+600\times 0.75\\\Rightarrow \omega_f=450\ rad/s[/tex]
angular velocity of the yo-yo is 450 rad/s
[tex]a=r\alpha\\\Rightarrow a=3.5\times 10^{-2}\times 600\\\Rightarrow a=21\ m/s^2[/tex]
Tangential acceleration of a point on its edge is 21 m/s²
The angular acceleration, angular velocity and tangential acceleration are;
A) 600 rad/s²
B) 450 rad/s,
C) 21 m/s²
What is the angular velocity and acceleration?A) We are given;
Radius; r = 0.25 cm = 0.0025 m
Linear acceleration; a = 1.5 m/s²
Formula for Angular Acceleration is;
α = a/r
Thus; α = 1.5/0.0025
α = 600 rad/s²
B) We are given;
time; t = 0.75 s
final angular velocity is gotten from;
ω_f = ω_i + αt
ω_f = 0 + (600 * 0.75)
ω_f = 450 rad/s
C) We are given;
Radius; r = 3.5 cm = 0.035 m
Formula for tangential acceleration is;
α_t = rα
α = 0.035 * 600
α = 21 m/s²
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pulse train with a frequency of 1 MHz is counted using a modulo-1024 ripple-counter built with J-K flip flops. For proper operation of the counter, the maximum permissible propagation delay per flip flop stage is ______ n sec.
Answer:
The maximum permissible propagation delay per flip flop stage is 100 n sec
Explanation:
1024 ripple counter has 10 J-K flip flops(210 = 1024).
So the total delay will be 10×x where x is the delay of each J-K flip flops.
The period of the clock pulse is 1× 10⁻⁶ s.
Now
10x <= 10⁻⁶ s
x <= 100 ns
x= 100 ns for prpoer operation.
pulse train with a frequency of 1 MHz is counted using a modulo-1024 ripple-counter built with J-K flip flops. For proper operation of the counter, the maximum permissible propagation delay per flip flop stage is 100 n sec.
Starting from rest at a height equal to the radius of the circular track, a block of mass 24 kg slides down a quarter circular track under the influence of gravity with friction present (of coefficient µ). The radius of the track is 15 m. The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s 2 .Starting from rest at a height equal to the radius of the circular track, a block of mass 24 kg slides down a quarter circular track under the influence of gravity with friction present (of coefficient µ). The radius of the track is 15 m. The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s 2 . If the kinetic energy of the block at the
bottom of the track is 3900 J, what is the
work done against friction?
Answer in units of J.
Answer:
The work done against friction is 372 joules
Explanation:
It is given that,
Mass of block, m = 24 kg
Radius of the track, r = 15 m
Acceleration due to gravity, [tex]a=9.8\ m/s^2[/tex]
If the kinetic energy of the block at the bottom of the track is, 3900 J
Let P is the work done against friction. It is given by :
[tex]P=mgh[/tex]
Here, h = r
[tex]P=24\ kg\times 9.8\ m/s^2\times 15\ m[/tex]
P = 3528 J
Since it ends up with 3900 J, the work done is given by or the lost in energy will be :
W = 3900 - 3528
W = 372 joules
So, the work done against friction is 372 joules. Hence, this is the required solution.
An object is thrown straight up with a velocity, in ft/s, given by v(t)= -32t + 83, where t is in seconds, from a height of 46 feet.
a) What is the object's initial velocity?
b) What is the object's maximum velocity?
c) What is the object's maximum displacement?
d) When does the maximum displacement occur?
e) When is the object's displacement 0?
f) What is the object's maximum height?
Explanation:
We have velocity
v(t)= -32t + 83
Integrating
s(t) = -16t²+83t+C
At t = 0 displacement is 46 feet
46 = -16 x 0²+83 x 0+C
C = 46 feet
So displacement is
s(t) = -16t²+83t+46
a) Initial velocity is
v(0)= -32 x 0 + 83 = 83 ft/s
Initial velocity = 83 ft/s
b) Maximum velocity is when the object reaches ground, that is s(t) = 0 ft
Substituting
0 = -16t²+83t+46
t = 5.70 seconds
Substituting in velocity equation
v(t)= -32 x 5.70 + 83 = -99.4 ft/s
Object's maximum speed = 99.4 ft/s
c) Maximum displacement is when the velocity is zero
That is
-32t + 83 = 0
t = 2.59 s
Substituting in displacement equation
s(2.59) = -16 x 2.59²+83 x 2.59+46 = 153.64 ft
Object's maximum displacement = 153.64 ft
d) Maximum displacement occur at t = 2.59 seconds.
e) Refer part b
The displacement is zero when t = 5.70 seconds
f) Same as option d
Object's maximum height = 153.64 ft
Answer:
The initial velocity is 83 ft/s.
The maximum velocity of object is -82.76 ft/s.
The maximum displacement is 107.64 ft.
Time for maximum displacement is 2.59 s.
The object's displacement is zero at 5.18 s.
The maximum height of object is, 107.64 ft.
Explanation:
Given data:
Equation for the velocity is, [tex]v(t)=-32t+83[/tex].
Height is, [tex]H'=46\;\rm feet[/tex].
(a)
At initial, the time function is zero. Which means, t = 0.
Then, initial velocity is:
[tex]v(t=0)=-32(0)+83\\v(t=0)= 83\;\rm ft/s[/tex]
Thus, the initial velocity is 83 ft/s.
(b)
The maximum velocity of object is at ground. Then, equation for maximum distance covered is obtained as,
[tex]v(t)=\frac{dH}{dt} \\dH=\int\limits^H_0 {v(t)} \, dt \\dH=\int\limits^H_0 {(-32t+83)} \, dt[/tex]
Integrating as,
[tex]H =-16t^2+83t[/tex]
Maximum velocity is at ground, hence H=0. Solving as,
[tex]0 =-16t^2+83t\\16t=83\\t=5.18 \;\rm s[/tex]
Now, maximum velocity is,
[tex]v(t=5.18)=-32(5.18)+83\\v(t=5.18)=-82.76 \;\rm ft/s[/tex]
Thus, maximum velocity of object is -82.76 ft/s.
(c)
The maximum displacement will be at corresponding to zero velocity. Then,
[tex]v(t)=-32t+83\\0=-32t+83\\t=2.59 \;\rm s[/tex]
Then, maximum displacement is,
[tex]H =-16(2.59^2)+83(2.59)\\H = 107.64\;\rm ft[/tex]
Thus, maximum displacement is 107.64 ft.
(d)
The maximum displacement occurs at zero velocity. And, time is,
[tex]v(t)=-32t+83\\0=-32t+83\\t=2.59 \;\rm s[/tex]
Thus, time for maximum displacement is 2.59 s.
(e)
The object displacement is zero when it reaches back to the ground. At ground, H=0. Which means time is,
[tex]0 =-16t^2+83t\\\\16t=83\\t=5.18 \;\rm s[/tex]
Thus, object's displacement is zero at 5.18 s.
(f)
The maximum height of object is equal to maximum displacement. Thus, maximum height of object is, 107.64 ft.
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The geologic time scale originally ordered earth’s rocks by
The geologic time scale originally ordered Earth’s rocks by relative age.
Explanation:
Geologic time scale is the measure of events occurred in year wise from the starting of universe. Mostly dating of rocks and fossil fuels are doing the trends still now. In order to measure the age of rocks, geological time scale have preferred relative age mode.
In this system, the age of rocks are measured and compared layer by layer. So the lowest layer of rock will be having the maximum age. As we don’t know the starting time of universe, so this method of comparison between the layers to order the rocks is best. So, depending upon the position of the rocks, the age can be determined.
The force on a wire carrying 8.75 A is a maximum of 1.28 N when placed between the pole faces of a magnet
If the pole faces are 55.5 cm in diameter, what is the approximate strength of the magnetic field?
The force on a wire carrying [tex]8.75\ A[/tex] is a maximum of [tex]1.28\ N[/tex] when placed between the pole faces of a magnet. The strength of the magnetic field is [tex]0.207\ T[/tex].
The force (F) experienced by a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field is given by the formula:
Force (F) = Magnetic Field (B) × Current (I) × Length (L) × sin(θ)
Given data:
Force [tex](F) = 1.28\ N[/tex]
Current[tex](I) = 8.75\ A[/tex]
Length [tex](L) = 55.5\ cm[/tex]
To find the magnetic field strength (B).
Assuming the wire is placed perpendicular to the magnetic field (θ = 90°), sin(90°) = 1, and the equation simplifies to:
[tex]B = F / (I \times L)[/tex]
Convert the length from centimeters to meters (1 cm = 0.01 m):
[tex]Length (L) = 55.5\ cm \times 0.01\ m/cm \\L = 0.555\ m[/tex]
Now, plug in the values and calculate B:
[tex]B = 1.28 / (8.75 \times 0.555)[/tex]
Calculating gives approximately:
[tex]B = 0.207\ T[/tex]
Therefore, the strength of the magnetic field is 0.207 teslas.
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Final answer:
To find the strength of the magnetic field, use the formula for magnetic force on a current-carrying wire with the given values to calculate the approximate field strength. The magnetic field's approximate strength is 4.85 T.
Explanation:
The strength of the magnetic field can be calculated using the formula for magnetic force on a current-carrying wire:
B = F / (I * L * sinθ),
where B is the magnetic field strength, F is the force on the wire, I is the current, L is the length of the wire, and θ is the angle between the wire and the magnetic field.
Substitute the given values: I = 8.75 A, F = 1.28 N, L = 55.5 cm = 0.555 m, and sinθ = 1 (as the wire is perpendicular to the magnetic field).
Calculating, we find that the approximate strength of the magnetic field is around 4.85 T.
Assessing and monitoring your fluid levels will help you optimize your car's _______.
A. fuel mileage and longevity
B. appearance and attractiveness
C. traction and weight distribution
Answer:
A. fuel mileage and longevity
Explanation:
For a person purchasing a car, car longevity is one of the main concern. They are also interested in many things such as maximum mileage and service life.
By properly monitoring and assessing few measures one can maintain the efficiency and longevity of the car. One such thing is by monitoring the liquid levels of the car. Certain liquids like the coolant or radiator water level should be well maintain in proper level in order to run the car economically.
Thus by doing this, one can optimize the car's longevity and the fuel mileage.
Hence the correct option is (A).
Final answer:
Monitoring fluid levels can optimize a car's fuel mileage and longevity. Hybrid cars are noted for their fuel efficiency, while vehicle weight and aerodynamic design also play roles in gas mileage. Efficient driving habits and vehicle technology contribute to both cost savings and environmental responsibility.
Explanation:
Assessing and monitoring your fluid levels is important for maintaining your vehicle and optimizing its fuel mileage and longevity. Proper fluid levels ensure that your car operates efficiently, which can lead to improved fuel efficiency, thus making the vehicle more cost-efficient and environmentally responsible. Option A
For instance, maintaining the correct level of engine oil can reduce friction in the engine, which can prevent excessive fuel consumption. Furthermore, ensuring proper coolant levels can help manage the vehicle's temperature, preventing overheating that might otherwise lead to engine damage and reduce fuel efficiency.
In addition to regular maintenance, driving behaviors such as adhering to speed limits and accelerating smoothly also contribute to fuel economy, as indicated by the feedback from eco-driving aids like the one in the Ford Fusion that displays a plant with leaves when driving efficiently.
Studies have shown that hybrid cars are not only reliable but also have a significant advantage in terms of fuel efficiency over conventional cars. A Toyota Prius, for example, gets notable gas mileage, boasting 48 miles per gallon on the highway and 51 mpg in the city, while a Ford Fusion hybrid gets 47 mpg in both city and country conditions. These hybrid vehicles incorporate technology that enhances their overall fuel efficiency, providing cost savings over the long term and contributing positively to environmental sustainability.
It's also worth noting that the weight of a vehicle affects its fuel economy. Heavier vehicles typically consume more fuel. Therefore, car manufacturers aim to reduce the weight of cars to improve their miles per gallon. Such considerations also extend to the design of the cars. Aerodynamic shaping can reduce drag force, further enhancing a car's gas mileage. Lastly, road wear and tear incurred by heavy vehicles suggests a deeper relationship between weight distribution, axle weight, and the environmental impact of driving.
. A 2.00 kg ball is attached to a ceiling by a string. The distance from the ceiling to the center of the ball is 1.00 m, and the height of the room is 3.00 m. What is the gravitational potential energy associated with the ball relative to each of the following? (a) the ceiling (b) the floor (c) a point at the same elevation as the ball
Explanation:
Mass of ball, m = 2 kg
Acceleration due to gravity, g = 9.81 m/s²
Height of ball from ground = 3 - 1 = 2 m
Potential energy, PE = mgh
Potential energy of ball, PE = 2 x 9.81 x 2 = 39.24 J
a) Potential energy of ball at ceiling = 2 x 9.81 x 3 = 58.86 J
Potential energy of ball relative to ceiling = 58.86 - 39.24 = 19.62 J
b) Potential energy of ball at floor = 2 x 9.81 x 0 = 0 J
Potential energy of ball relative to floor = 39.24 - 0 = 39.24 J
c) Potential energy of ball at same elevation = 2 x 9.81 x 2 = 39.24 J
Potential energy of ball relative to same elevation = 39.24 - 39.24 = 0 J
The gravitational potential energy of the ball relative to the ceiling and a point at the same elevation as the ball is 0 Joules because they are at the same height. The gravitational potential energy of the ball relative to the floor is 39.24 Joules.
Explanation:The gravitational potential energy of an object, in this case, the 2.00 kg ball, can be calculated using the formula: PE = mgh, where m is the mass of the object in kg, g is acceleration due to gravity (on Earth, it's about 9.81 m/s²), and h is the height in meters.
(a) the ceiling: The distance from the ceiling to the center of the ball is 1.00m, thus the potential energy relative to the ceiling is PE = 2.00 kg * 9.81 m/s² * 0 m = 0 J, since the ball is at the same level as the ceiling.
(b) the floor: The height of the ball from the floor can be calculated as the height of the room minus the distance from the ceiling to the center of the ball, which is 3.00 m - 1.00 m = 2.00 m. Thus, the potential energy relative to the floor is PE = 2.00 kg * 9.81 m/s² * 2.00 m = 39.24 J.
(c) a point at the same elevation as the ball: Since the point is at the same elevation as the ball, therefore, the potential energy would be PE = 2.00 kg * 9.81 m/s² * 0 m = 0 J.
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Which of the following is an effect of an ankle sprain? A. A decrease in the neural control to muscles that stabilize the patella B. Decreased neural control to stabilizing muscles of the core of the ankle C. A decrease in the neural control to the gluteus medius and gluteus maximus muscles D. Decreased neural control of the rotator cuff muscles
Answer:
C. A decrease in the neural control to the gluteus medius and gluteus maximus muscles
Explanation:
An ankle sprain is an injury that is caused by the twisting, rolling or turning the ankle in awkward manner. It can tear the ligaments of the bone muscles that helps to hold together the ankle bones.
When we get an ankle sprain, the neural control of the gluteus medius as well as the gluteus maximus muscles decreases. Thereby limiting the control of the lower extremities during any functional activities.
Hence the correct option is (C).
Here are the names of some substances: Sulphur, copper, oxygen, iron, water, magnesium, mercury Which substance: Is at gas room temperature? Is a liquid metal? Is a solid non-metal? is a chemical compound?
Answer:
Gas at room temperature: Oxygen
Liquid metal: Mercury
Solid non-metal: Sulphur, Copper
Chemical compound: Water
Explanation:
Oxygen(O): atomic no.-8It is highly reactive non-metal and third most abundant element in the universe after hydrogen and helium. Diatomic oxygen(O₂) constitutes 20.8% of earth atmosphere that used in respiration in living organisms.
Mercury(Hg): atomic no.-80It is shiny, silvery and only metal which is found in liquid state at normal room temperature. Most common use of mercury is in thermometer, barometer, sphygmomanometer etc.
Sulphur(S): atomic no.-16It is bright yellow crystalline solid non-metal at room temperature in elemental form. Combined sulphur exists in sulphates and sulphides i.e. CaSO₄.2H₂o, MgSO₄.7H₂O, PbS, ZnS etc. Abundance in earth crust is only 0.03-0.1%.
Copper(Co): atomic no.-29It is pinkish-orange, malleable and ductile metal found in solid state at room temperature. It is commonly used in making wire, alloy etc.
Water(H₂O):Water covers 71% of earth surface. A molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms connected by covalent bonds. It is crucial for all forms of life.
Which is a correct statement of what occurs at a turbine during electricity production?
Answer:
The turbine is rotated and rotates the generator to produce electricity.
Explanation:
Within a turbine enters the superheated steam which is at high pressure and high temperature, this steam is previously formed in the boiler when the steam enters the turbine hits each one of the blades of the turbine making it rotate at a given speed, the turbine shaft is coupled to the shaft of an electric generator and thus generates electricity.
It is also important to say that when the steam comes out of the turbine comes out at low pressure, this way the internal operating process is carried out within the turbine.
Adding gallium, boron, or indium to pure silicon or germanium will create a material with an excess of ?
Answer:
Adding gallium, boron, or indium to pure silicon or germanium will create a material with an excess of holes which is called a p-type material.
Explanation:
gallium, boron or indium are elements with three valency electron, and they are called Acceptor impurities. When acceptor impurities are added to pure silicon, it is called dopping
dopping: This is the process by which impurities is added to semi conductors in order to alter its electrical conductivity. The impurities is called dopants.
Adding gallium, boron, or indium to pure silicon or germanium will create a material with an excess of holes which is called a p-type material.
Answer: the excess material created is called "Hole".
Explanation: When the semiconductor such as silicon or germanium with four electrons in the outermost shell known as valence electron is added to either of electrons from indium,gallium or boron which has three valency electrons, a hole is created.
A hole which has positive charge is caused as a result of the movement of valence electrons from an atom to another atom.
A hole brings about conduction in semiconductor materials, (i.e when the free electrons with negative charge and holes with positive charge move in opposite direction in the semiconductor, conduction takes place).
A mass is attached to an ideal spring. At time t = 0 the spring is at its natural length and the mass is given an initial velocity; the period of the ensuing (one-dimensional) simple harmonic motion is T . At what time is the power delivered to the mass by the spring first a maximum?
SHM in a mass-spring system involves a restoring force proportional to displacement, with power being maximal at extreme positions.
Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) is a type of periodic motion defined by a restoring force proportional to displacement. In the context of a mass attached to a spring, the period of SHM can be calculated using the mass and force constant of the spring.
The power delivered to the mass by the spring is first a maximum when the restoring force is at its maximum, which occurs when the mass achieves its greatest displacement. This typically happens when the mass is at the equilibrium point after being displaced.
The time at which the power delivered by the spring is first a maximum aligns with the moments when the mass reaches its extreme positions during the oscillatory motion, typically when it's at the maximum displacement from equilibrium.
When a mass is attached to an ideal spring and set into simple harmonic motion (SHM) with an initial velocity from its natural length, the power delivered by the spring to the mass is first maximized when the mass passes through the equilibrium position at maximum speed. Since the period T is the time it takes for one complete cycle of the motion, the mass reaches its maximum velocity at equilibrium position at one quarter of the period. Therefore, the power delivered to the mass by the spring is first a maximum at t = T/4, where T is the period of the simple harmonic motion
Professionals in careers in the exercise and sport sciences need to provide quality programs in specialized settings to prove that a higher degree of competence is needed to fulfill the responsibilities of these careers than may currently be the case.
Answer:
True
Explanation:
It is true that professionals in exercises and sport science need to provide quality specialized settings to prove that a higher degree of competence is needed to fulfill the responsibility of the careers.
How much work did the movers do (horizontally) pushing a 41.0-kgkg crate 10.6 mm across a rough floor without acceleration, if the effective coefficient of friction was 0.60?
Final answer:
The work done by movers to push a 41.0 kg crate across a rough floor for 10.6 meters against a coefficient of friction of 0.60, with no acceleration, is 2547.816 joules.
Explanation:
The student is asking about the amount of work done by movers in pushing a 41.0 kg crate across a rough floor where there is friction but without acceleration. The coefficient of friction is given as 0.60. To solve this problem, we use the formula:
Work done (W) = Force (F) x Distance (d)
Since the crate is moved horizontally with no acceleration, the force applied by the movers is equal to the frictional force, which is given by:
F = μ x Normal force (N)
The normal force is equal to the weight of the crate, which is mass (m) times the acceleration due to gravity (g), N = m x g. Therefore:
F = μ x m x g
Now, we know the mass (m=41.0 kg), acceleration due to gravity (g ≈ 9.8 m/s²), coefficient of friction (μ = 0.60), and distance (d = 10.6 m). Plugging these values in, we get:
F = 0.60 x 41.0 kg x 9.8 m/s² = 240.36 N
W = 240.36 N x 10.6 m = 2547.816 J
Therefore, the work done by the movers is 2547.816 joules.
Water has a density of 1.0 g/cm3. What is the mass of 10.0 cm3 of water?
Answer:
The mass of 10 cm³ of water, is 10 grams
Explanation:
Density of water = 1 g/cm³
Density = Mass / volume
Volume of water = 10 cm³
1 g/cm³ = Mass of water / 10 cm³
10 g = mass of water
The mass of 10.0 cm3 of water, given the density is 1.0 g/cm3, is found by multiplying the volume by the density, which gives us 10.0 g.
Explanation:The question is asking for the mass of a certain volume of water. Given that the density of water is 1.0 g/cm3, and you have 10.0 cm3 of water, the mass can be found by multiplying the volume by the density. So, it's simply 1.0 g/cm3 * 10.0 cm3 = 10.0 g. Therefore, the mass of 10.0 cm3 of water is 10.0 g.
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physical science!!!!!!helpppp
Answer:
Option B
10.36 m/s
Explanation:
Using the first given equation, then velocity=distance/time
Since distance is provided as 200 m and time, t is 19.3 seconds then substituting these figures yields
v=200/19.3=10.3626943
Rounding off to 2 decimal places, then
v=10.36 m/s
Electrically charged sunspot gases which escape the sun's chromosphere and enter the earth's atmosphere near the magnetic north pole cause the _______.
Answer:
Northern Lights ( Aurora Borealis)
Explanation:
When the electricaly charged sunspot gases (they are named a solar wind) escape the sun's chromosphere and penetrates from the earth magnetic sheild which is called earth's magnetosphere then upon there interaction with atoms and molecules of our atmosphere there are little bursts of photons in the form of light which made up these northern lights.
A 10 kilogram object suspended from the end of a vertically hanging spring stretches the spring 9.8 centimeters. At time t=0, the resulting mass-spring system is disturbed from its rest state by the force F(t)=140cos(8t). The force F(t) is expressed in Newtons and is positive in the downward direction, and time is measured in seconds.
Answer:
K= 1000 N-m
Explanation:
It is assumed that we asked to find the spring constant k of the spring
We know that under equilibrium condition
weight of the object = force applied by the spring
given m =10 Kg
x= extension in the spring = 9.8 cm
mg=kx
[tex]10\times9.8=k\times9.8\times10^(-2)[/tex]
K= 1000 N-m
The spring constant, k of the vertically suspended spring measured in Newton meter is 1000 N/m
Given the Parameters :
Acceleration due to gravity, g = 9.8 m/s²Mass of object, m = 10 kg Extension, e = 9.8 centimetersUsing the Relation :
F = ke ; k = spring constant Force, F = mass × acceleration due to gravityThe expression can be written thus :
mg = ke
Converting, extension to meters = (9.8/100) = 0.098 m
(10 × 9.8) = 0.098k
98 = 0.098k
k = 98/0.098
k = 1000 N/m
Therefore, the spring constant is 1000 N/m
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An Atwood machine is constructed using a hoop with spokes of negligible mass. The 2.5 kg mass of the pulley is concentrated on its rim, which is a distance 20.3 cm from the axle. The mass on the right is 1.33 kg and on the left is 1.78 kg. 3.7 m 2.5 kg 20.3 cm ω 1.78 kg 1.33 kg What is the magnitude of the linear acceleration of the hanging masses? The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s 2 . Answer in units of m/s 2 .
Final answer:
The magnitude of the linear acceleration of the hanging masses in an Atwood machine can be calculated using the formula: a = (m2 - m1)g / (m1 + m2). The given masses are 1.33 kg on the right and 1.78 kg on the left. Plugging in these values, the magnitude of the acceleration is 1.3816 m/s^2.
Explanation:
In an Atwood machine, the magnitude of the linear acceleration of the hanging masses can be calculated using the formula:
a = (m2 - m1)g / (m1 + m2)
Where:
a is the magnitude of the linear acceleration
m1 is the mass on the left (1.78 kg)
m2 is the mass on the right (1.33 kg)
g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s^2)
Plugging in the given values, we get:
a = (1.33 kg - 1.78 kg) * 9.8 m/s^2 / (1.78 kg + 1.33 kg)
a = -0.44 kg * 9.8 m/s^2 / 3.11 kg
a = -1.3816 m/s^2
Since the question asks for the magnitude of the acceleration, we take the absolute value:
a = 1.3816 m/s^2
A certain chemical reaction experiences a 7.50 x 10-7 kilogram loss in mass. If this mass were to be totally converted to energy, what would be the magnitude of that energy.
Answer:
E=6.75×10¹⁰J
Explanation:
Given data
Mass (m)=7.50×10⁻⁷kg
To find
Energy (E) = ?
Solution
From Albert Einstein’s theory of special relativity
E = mc²........eq(1)
Where
E is energy
m is mass
c is speed of light which 3.0×10⁸m/s
put values in eq(1) we get
E=(7.50×10⁻⁷kg)×( 3.0×10⁸m/s)²
E=6.75×10¹⁰J
What situation primarily involves heat transfer by convection?
Answer:
Heating of a fluid bulk from the bottom.
Explanation:
Whenever a fluid bulk is heated form the lower layers then due to the variation of the density of the fluid at different temperature we observe the movement of molecules leading to convection.
When the lowest level of the fluid is heated it gains temperature and the molecular bulk expands on heating and its density becomes low with respect to the bulk fluid around it and hence it flows upwards to the top most layer being lighter in weight and the lowest layer is occupied by the subsequent colder and denser layer.Then again the lowest layer is heated and the process continues forming a cycle heating through the bulk transfer of fluid layers called convention.The situation that primarily involves heat transfer by convection is when a fluid (liquid or gas) moves and carries heat energy along with it.
Convection is a mode of heat transfer that occurs through the movement of a fluid. It involves the transfer of heat by the actual movement or circulation of the fluid particles. Convection typically occurs in liquids and gases, where the particles can freely move.
Similarly, natural convection occurs when heated air or fluid rises due to its lower density compared to the surrounding cooler air or fluid. This can be observed, for instance, in the circulation of air near a hot stove or the movement of hot water in a boiling pot.
Convection is also prevalent in weather phenomena such as ocean currents and winds, where the movement of fluids carries heat energy from one region to another.
Overall, situations that involve the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids, whether natural or forced convection, primarily involve heat transfer by convection.
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What is the significance of Le Châtelier's principle when used in industrial fields?
1) Scientists know that reactions at chemical equilibrium will have consistent reaction rates if the intensity of external factors is steadily increased, so scientists can use external factors to manipulate these chemical reactions into producing specific results.
2) Scientists know that reactions at chemical equilibrium will shift to regain equilibrium if left in the same external conditions long enough, so scientists can stabilize these chemical reactions' environments in order to produce specific results.
3) Scientists know that reactions at chemical equilibrium will have consistent reaction rates despite any change in external conditions, so scientists can depend on these chemical reactions to always produce the same specific results.
4) Scientists know that reactions at chemical equilibrium will shift to regain equilibrium when affected by external factors, so scientists can use external factors to manipulate these chemical reactions into producing specific results.
scientists can prove the answer of the chemical reaction and in every case
Answer:
4) Scientists know that reactions at chemical equilibrium will shift to regain equilibrium when affected by external factors, so scientists can use external factors to manipulate these chemical reactions into producing specific results.
Explanation:
Le Châtelier's principle states that changes in the temperature, pressure, volume, or concentration of a system will result in predictable and opposing changes in the system in order to achieve a new equilibrium state. Le Châtelier's principle doesn't say anything about reaction rates.
The idea of an industrial process is to obtain an specific product. So, you can apply changes into a system in equilibrium to produce more desirable product. A simple example is to decrease the concentration of products by removing them or increasing the concentration of reactants by adding them, so that, more product is produced and more reactant is used, and the equilibrium is reached again.
A mass m is oscillating with amplitude A at the end of a vertical spring of spring constant k. The mass is increased by a factor of four.1. What is true about the period? (period does what factor)2. The mass is increased by a factor of four, keeping A and k constant. What is true about the total mechanical energy?3. The mass is increased by a factor of four, keeping A and k constant. What is true about the maximum speed?4. The amplitude is doubled, keeping mass and k constant. What is true about the period?5. The amplitude is doubled, keeping mass and k constant. What is true about the total mechanical energy? Choose the best answer.6. The amplitude is doubled, keeping mass and k constant. What is true about the maximum speed?
Answer:
1. The period doubles
2. The mechanical energy is unchanged
3. The speed is halved
4. The period is unchanged
5. The energy is quadrupled
6. The maximum is speed doubled
Explanation:
1. From Hooke's law we have [tex]T\propto\sqrt{\frac{m}{k} }[/tex]
where T is period, m is mass and k is the spring constant
So If the mass is increased by a factor of 4 then period doubles while k constant
2 According to law of conservation of energy, the energy remains unchanged so therefore the total mechanical energy remain unchanged.
3. From the [tex]w = \sqrt{\frac{k}{m} }[/tex]
where m is mass and w is speed
so we see that mass and speed is inversely proportional therefore if we increase mass speed decreases.
4. The period is independent of amplitude
5. [tex]E=A^{2} [/tex]
where E is energy and A is amplitude
So if the amplitude is doubled the energy is quadrupled.
6. we have the relation
[tex]v_{max}=A [/tex]
where [tex]v_{max}[/tex] is maximum speed and A is amplitude
From the formular we can see they are directly proportional, so if we double amplitude then [tex]v_{max}[/tex] doubles also.
The period would double when the mass of the spring is increased by a factor of four (4).
How to calculate the period.Since all springs obey Hooke’s law, the period is given by this formula:
[tex]T\alpha \sqrt{\frac{m}{k}}\\\\T = 2\pi \sqrt{\frac{m}{k} }[/tex]
Where:
k is the spring constant.m is the mass.We can deduce that, the period is directly proportional to mass of the spring. Thus, the period would double when the mass of the spring is increased by a factor of four (4).
In accordance with the law of conservation of energy, the total mechanical energy of the spring would remain the same because energy can neither be created nor destroyed.
How to calculate the maximum speed.The speed of a spring in simple harmonic motion is an angular speed and it is given by this formula:
[tex]\omega = \sqrt{\frac{k}{m} }[/tex]
We can deduce that, the angular speed is inversely proportional to mass of the spring. Thus, the angular speed would decrease when the mass of the spring is increased by a factor of four (4).
In simple harmonic motion, the period of a spring is independent of its amplitude.
How to calculate the total mechanical energy.Mathematically, the the total mechanical energy of a spring is given by this formula:
[tex]E=A^2[/tex]
We can deduce that, the total mechanical energy is directly proportional to the square of amplitude of the spring. Thus, the total mechanical energy would quadruple when the amplitude of the spring is doubled.
Also, the maximum speed is directly proportional to the amplitude of the spring. Thus, the maximum speed would also double when the amplitude of the spring is doubled.
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Which of the following supports the claim that the atom is like a solid positive cookie with negative electrons embedded within it? (This model is known as the Plum Pudding Model of the atom, and is illustrated to the right).
a. Law of Constant Composition, Law of Multiple Proportions, Law of Conservation of Mass Alpha particles are scattered at a variety of angles (over 90 degrees) when bombarded at gold foil.
b. When light from hydrogen emissions passes through a diffracting grating, there are distinct bands of color.
c. The Cathode Ray Tube experiment, in which the ray was attracted to the south pole of the magnet.
Answer:
a. Law of Constant Composition, Law of Multiple Proportions, Law of Conservation of Mass Alpha particles are scattered at a variety of angles (over 90 degrees) when bombarded at gold foil.
Explanation:
Which of the following supports the claim that the atom is like a solid positive cookie with negative electrons embedded within it? (This model is known as the Plum Pudding Model of the atom, and is illustrated to the right).
a. Law of Constant Composition, Law of Multiple Proportions, Law of Conservation of Mass Alpha particles are scattered at a variety of angles (over 90 degrees) when bombarded at gold foil.
b. When light from hydrogen emissions passes through a diffracting grating, there are distinct bands of color.
c. The Cathode Ray Tube experiment, in which the ray was attracted to the south pole of the magnet.
the plumbudding model of the atom was postulated by JJ Thompson and plum pudding model. . ... Thomson had discovered that atoms are composite objects, made of pieces with positive and negative charge, and that the negatively charged electrons within the atom were very small compared to the entire atom.
so a. correctly typifies the thompson model of the atom
Final answer:
Option c, the Cathode Ray Tube experiment, supports the claim that the atom is like a solid positive cookie with negative electrons embedded within it.
Explanation:
The correct option that supports the claim that the atom is like a solid positive cookie with negative electrons embedded within it is option c. The Cathode Ray Tube experiment, in which the ray was attracted to the south pole of the magnet, is consistent with the Plum Pudding Model of the atom. This model describes atoms as having a diffuse positive charge with embedded electrons.