Enzymes___chemical reactions

Answer:

Breaking down of sugar in living organism requires Oxygen gas.

Explanation:

The gas oxygen is important to conduct different functions in living organism. For breaking sugar inside the living organisms oxygen is needed, this is the process of the cellular respiration. The body cell breaks sugar with the help of oxygen gas in this process. As a result of this process, energy is produced along with the carbon dioxide. This energy produced in this process is restored by the body for the future use of the cell.

Answer:

oxygen

Explanation:

the oxygen debt must be ‘repaid’ once exercise stops causing deep breathing for some time

Oxygen said to be 'paid back' by the oxidation of lactic acid after anaerobic respiration.

The simplest process for lactate oxidation is:

lactate → pyruvate → acetyl CoA  → Tri-Carboxylic Acid, oxphos, etc.

A route can take place for lactate taken up by the liver in the body. There it is converted to glucose via the process of gluconeogenesis, and glucose is released into the blood. Other tissues consume glucose and completely oxidize it to carbon dioxide (CO2) and water.

Lactic acid is an essential part of the human body. It helps in cell respiration, glucose production, and molecule signaling. Lactic acid does not cause muscle soreness.

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The details were missing but I managed to found from another source.

Answer:

According to the table attached, no correlation exists between the concentration of glucose in the culture medium and the ATP concentration in the cells.

Explanation:

The glucose is present at two concentration levels in the culture medium, i.e. 1.5 mM and 25 mM. There were three replicates of glucose concentration at different oxygen concentrations. Despite the same glucose concentration in the culture medium, the ATP concentration in the cell increased. This was observed at both concentrations of glucose. So, the presence of glucose might have been necessary for the ATP production but oxygen was playing a direct role in ATP production. To draw a better conclusion, more information on other parameters is necessary.

The concentration of glucose in a culture medium is directly proportional to ATP concentration in cells. More glucose in the medium leads to more ATP in cells, while less glucose in the medium leads to less ATP in cells.

The relationship between the concentration of glucose in a culture medium and the ATP concentration in cells is directly proportional. Glucose is the primary source of energy for cells and is metabolized during cellular respiration to produce ATP, which is the main energy currency within the cell.

When the concentration of glucose in the culture medium increases, more glucose is available to the cells, leading to more glucose being used in cellular respiration. As a result, the production of ATP within cells also increases. Therefore, the ATP concentration in cells can be increased by increasing the glucose concentration in the culture medium.

Conversely, if the concentration of glucose in the culture medium is lowered, less glucose is available to the cells, thereby reducing the cellular production of ATP. So, the concentration of glucose in the culture medium directly affects the ATP concentration within the cells.

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Answer:

Down syndrome, which results from having the wrong number of chromosomes

Explanation:

Down's syndrome is a specific type of genetic defect in which a person has three copies of the twenty-first chromosome. Scientists can now determine whether a fetus has the extra chromosome—and thus Down's Syndrome—by creating a karyotype like the one pictured here.

Screening for genetic diseases that involve mutations in the construction of the genes instead of the number of genes may not be as straightforward.

Answer: the loss of grasshoppers would result in less food sources for the animals

Explanation: of those animals are the grasshoppers and now they are no longer there anymore, they would have less of a food supply

Final answer:

The loss of grasshoppers can lead to food shortages for lizards and snakes, decreased predator populations, potential rabbit overpopulation and vegetation decline, and demonstrates the critical role of predators and biodiversity in ecosystem management.

Explanation:

Impact of Grasshopper Removal on Lizard, Rabbit, and Snake Populations

The loss of grasshoppers in an ecosystem as a result of pesticide use can significantly affect the populations of other animals such as lizards, rabbits, and snakes. Grasshoppers serve as a food source for lizards and snakes. So, their absence means these predators may face a food shortage, which can lead to a decrease in their populations over time. Rabbits, on the other hand, might initially benefit from reduced competition for vegetation if the grasshoppers are no longer consuming the plants. However, as the predator populations decline, this can lead to an overpopulation of rabbits, which may result in overgrazing and a subsequent decline in vegetation. This indicates the importance of pest-suppressing organisms and the role of predators in maintaining the balance in ecosystems.

Furthermore, the non-target effects of pesticides can cause significant harm as it can kill beneficial species that were not intended to be eradicated. This disrupts food webs and could result in secondary pest outbreaks where other pests, previously controlled by now-depleted natural predators, begin to rise in numbers. This emphasizes the critical role of biodiversity and natural pest control mechanisms as part of ecosystem management.

Answer:

Mendel's law of independent assortment

Explanation:

Gregor Mendel is a really important figure in genetics, his work on pea plants provided us with many of the fundamentals of genetics that we still have today!

Mendel proposed 3 laws:

1. The law of dominance - this law states that where there are two different alleles (heterozygous) the organism will always express the dominant trait over the recessive trait

2. The law of segregation - this law states that offspring will inherit one allele from each parent, because allele pairs separate in the process of meiosis, such that each gamete contains 1 allele of each trait. When the zygote is formed, it contains an allele from each parent.

3. The law of independent assortment - this law states that traits are independent from one another at the time of gamete formation. The genes are segregated separately from one another, as the presence of one does not impact the presence of another.

This example shows that all combinations of the height and color allele are possible, and therefore nicely demonstrates the law of independent assortment

Answer:

Hello! Here are the answers:

Explanation:

* 2. The intronic regions are misleadingly referred to as "junk DNA" but introns code for crucial regulatory elements that control gene expression.

* 3. The genetic code determines the sequence of amino acids in various proteins.

Answer:

Griffith called the process transformation because the harmless bacteria had been transformed. So the answer is 'C'.

Explanation:

Griffith performed an experiment on the mouse in which he worked on two different strains of streptococcus. One of the strain  was capable of causing disease (virulent) III-S and the other was a rough strain which was non virulent type II-R. He injected different combinations of the strains. The heat killed smooth strain became non virulent.

The most important discovery he made was that when heat killed smooth strain and rough strain were introduced together in the mice and the mice died. It happened because the rough strain of bacteria transformed into virulent form as the DNA from heat killed smooth strain was imbibed by the rough strain which converted into virulent form.

Answer:

B. Putting the bacterium through a mass spectrometer.

Explanation:

FOR OBSERVATION AND TO CHECK THE RECOMBINANT DNA PROCESS WE HAVE TO THE OBSERVE THE REPLICATION PROCESS OF BACTERIA.

The process that should be used next, putting the bacterium through a mass spectrometer. The correct option is B.

A bacterium is a single form of bacteria. Bacteria is a prokaryotic organism. It is a unicellular and a microorganism. Bacteria are currently used in growing specific genes by growing them in and the genes are then transferred to the needed place.

A mass spectrometer is an instrument used to measure the mass to charge of the samples.

Thus, the correct option is B. Putting the bacterium through a mass spectrometer.

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Answer: Pathology

Explanation:

Basically, pathology is a branch of medicine that deals with the study of diseases, its origin, its nature, its causes

Answer:

pathology

Explanation:

Answer:

Electrons, protons, and Neutrons

Explanation:

Neutrons-Neutral charge

Protons-Positive charge

Electrons-Negative charge

Keep in mind that Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus of the atom, while electrons are found in the electron cloud.

Both protons and neutrons have a mass of 1, while electrons have no mass.

Answer:  B. Tropical rain forest

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Explanation: The climate and biodiversity of one of Earth's most diverse and iconic biomes. the tropical rain forest. The tropical rain forest biome has four main characteristics: very high annual rainfall, high average temperatures, nutrient-poor soil, and high levels of biodiversity

Answer:

Scientific method

Starts with observation

Hypothesis

Experiment

Data analysis

Conclusion

Explanation:

Answer:

Salinity is the saltiness or dissolved inorganic salt content of a body of water. Substances that are dissolved in water are usually called solutes. The typical seawater has a salinity of 35 ppt or 35‰. The average density of seawater at the surface is 1.025g/ml

Explanation:

Salinity is the measure of dissolved salts in water, influencing both marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Organisms have adapted to various salinity levels, with some thriving in saline habitats by adjusting their internal solute concentrations. Biological processes and inputs from rivers affect oceanic salinity, making it crucial to measure accurately.

Salinity refers to the total amount of dissolved materials, usually salts, in seawater, expressed in grams per kilogram of water. It is a dimensionless quantity because it is a ratio and does not have units. The average salinity of seawater is about 3.4%, while the salinity of blood and other body fluids in animals is around 0.8%. This difference in salinity can be explained by the adaptation of organisms that moved from sea environments to land.

Saline habitats, which have lower water purity, often exclude most life forms due to water loss through diffusion, leading to decreased internal water content. Organisms that thrive in such environments usually have higher solute concentrations in their cytosol to cope with the osmotic stress.

Approximately half of the earth's biomass resides in the sea, with a significant portion consisting of diatoms and other organisms that create silica skeletons. Upon death, these organisms sink and annually contribute about 300 million tons of silica to sedimentary rocks. This process helps maintain the undersaturation of silica in the upper sea levels and influences the salinity levels.

Moreover, inputs of salts into the sea from rivers and hydrothermal activity at oceanic ridges increase salinity. The cells in most organisms maintain lower intracellular salinity (around 1%) to avoid damage from high salt concentrations, which can denature proteins and disrupt cell membrane integrity.

Salinity definitions have evolved to ensure accurate measurements. Initially based on chlorinity, salinity is now defined by more precise methodologies, making it easier to measure and understand its impact on marine and terrestrial life.

The correct answer is option (D). The fall line is the correct term for the location where a river's flow changes from broad and slow to narrow and swift.

The fall line is the point where rivers change from broad, deep, and slow-moving to narrow and swift. This transition occurs because the fall line marks the geological boundary between the hard, resistant rocks of the Piedmont Plateau and the softer, more erodible rocks of the coastal plain.

As a river flows from the coastal plain to the Piedmont Plateau, it encounters this change in rock type, which often results in a series of waterfalls or rapids, hence the term fall line. This is where the river's gradient increases, causing the water to flow more quickly and the river channel to narrow.

The other options provided do not describe the specific point of transition in river characteristics as accurately as the fall line does:

- The coastal plain is a flat, low-lying area near the coast where rivers tend to be broad and slow-moving.

- The Piedmont Plateau is an area of rolling hills where rivers may be faster-flowing but does not specifically refer to the transition point.

- The mountain ridge is a long, narrow elevation on a mountain, which is not related to the transition of river characteristics from slow to swift.

The complete question is:

What is the point where rivers change from broad, deep, and slow-moving to narrow and swift?

A) the coastal plain

B) the piedmont plateau

C) the mountain ridge

D) the fall line

Answer:

I think it's D) the speed of a deer

Your body is composed of microscopic cells that are visible all the time ?True or false

Our body is composed of many microscopic cells. They are visible as a whole, but not individually. And all cells are not visible from outside. So the given statement is false.

Cells are defined as structural and functional unit of a living organism. Cells are of various shapes and sizes. A squamous epithelium cell is flat whereas a neuron is upto 1 meter in length. Cells of bronchus have projections called cilia whereas cells of small intestine have microvilli on their surface.

Our skin is formed of epithelial cells which are seen as a whole with our naked eyes. But individual structures of them are very small. This is why, human cells are microscopic in structure and not individually seen with naked eyes.

Answer:

Your correct answer is B. An iron pot

Explanation:

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The symbiotic relationship in this situation is: Predation

Symbiosis or Symbiotic relationship is the relationship or interaction between two biological creatures. These interactions are essential to keep a balance in the ecosystem. Predation is one of the types of symbiotic relationship in which one biological creature preys on the other.

In predation, one biological creature benefits from another while the other is harmed or most likely killed in the process. The predator remains less wounded or completely unharmed depending on the type of prey it is. Hence, we can say that the symbiotic relationship in this situation where the polar bear his hunting and capturing a seal for food is Predation. The polar bear gets its food while the seal is killed for it.

Answer:

Zygote. Zygote, fertilized egg cell that results from the union of a female gamete (egg, or ovum) with a male gamete (sperm).

Explanation:

Formation of Gastrula. Once an egg is released from the ovary during ovulation, it meets with a sperm cell that was carried to it via the semen. These two gametes combine to form a zygote and this process is called fertilization. The zygote then begins to divide and becomes a blastula.

The process of embryonic development involves zygote formation, cleavage, and gastrulation, where three primary germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm) are established to give rise to various tissues and organs in animals.

Description of the process by which an animal zygote becomes a gastrula.

The process involves embryonic development and includes several stages:

1. Zygote Formation:

  - Fertilization occurs when a sperm cell penetrates an egg cell, forming a zygote.

  - The zygote is the initial diploid cell with a complete set of chromosomes.

2. Cleavage:

  - The zygote undergoes rapid cell divisions through a process called cleavage.

  - Cleavage results in the formation of a blastula, which is a hollow ball of cells.

3. Gastrulation:

  - Gastrulation is the next major developmental stage after cleavage.

  - The blastula undergoes a series of complex movements and differentiations to form three primary germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.

4. Formation of Germ Layers:

  - Ectoderm: Outer layer, gives rise to the skin, nervous system, and other external structures.

  - Mesoderm: Middle layer, gives rise to muscles, bones, circulatory system, and internal structures.

  - Endoderm: Inner layer, gives rise to the digestive system, respiratory system, and other internal organs.

5. Gastrula Formation:

  - As the three germ layers form, the structure is now called a gastrula.

  - The gastrula has a three-layered structure with distinct regions that will develop into specific tissues and organs.

6. Neurulation (in chordates):

  - In animals with a notochord, like vertebrates, a process called neurulation occurs.

  - Neurulation involves the formation of the neural tube, which eventually develops into the brain and spinal cord.

The process of gastrulation is fundamental to the development of complex multicellular organisms, allowing for the specialization of cells into various tissues and organs.

Answer:

Phenotype

Explanation:

The physical trait which is the color of the fur is associated with its genotype

Answer:

The color of the fur is the ✔ phenotype

The genetic combination of alleles that determine the fur color is called the

✔ genotype

Suppose that a mouse with black fur has both an allele for black fur and an allele for white fur (Bb). Based on this information, you can conclude that the dominant allele must be for ✔ black fur and the recessive allele must be for

✔ white fur.

For this lab, assume that the allele for black fur is dominant. This allele’s symbol is ✔ B

The allele for white fur is recessive. This allele’s symbol is ✔ b

Explanation:

right on edg..

The student is actually doing replication

Answer: Option B

Explanation:

A student reads about a particular experiment, gets inquisitive to learn more and hence tries to copy that particular experiment. This is called as replication   as the student tries the same methodology and process adapted to perform the experiment. He tries to obtain the same result.

This result fascinates him giving assurance of the experiment. It also helps motivate trying different experiments.  It also inspires him to make further researches.

Answer:

The correct answer is 'D'. Great white sharks have sharp serrated teeth for tearing into their prey.

Explanation:

Living organisms inhabit different habitats. They possess unique structures which help them perform specific functions. They maybe adapted or they are born with it. Sharks are carnivorous animals who feed on other animals. They have sharp pointy teeth which helps them to tear the flesh of their prey. Some other examples of animals are:

Answer: C - spiral staircase

Explanation:

Answer:

C a spiral staircase

Explanation:

Answer:

Prokaryotic cells reproduce by a process that is called binary fission.

Explanation:

The DNA in such cells is contained in a single circular chromosome called a plasmid within the cytoplasm. The reproductive process starts with the replication of the chromosome.

Answer:Prokaryotic cells reproduce by a process called binary fission.

Explanation:

these cells contain a single circular chromosome called a plasmid within the cytoplasm so,the reproductive process starts with the replication of the chromosome.

Bombyx mori is the name

Answer:

Bombyx mori

Explanation:

Answer:

DNA coiled to Histone protein.

Explanation:

1) DNA wrap itself around the histone protein due to the negative charge on the histone, that packed DNA tightly so that it can't be used in protein synthesis.

2) Prosthetic groups are itself co-factors that bind tightly to enzymes or proteins. they can be organic or metallic ions and attached to proteins by covalent bond.

3) The transfer of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from mother to  her offspring is known as  maternal inheritance. only female can transmit  mtDNA beacuse, it can be transmitted through female eggs only. One can inherit mtDNA from exclusively their mother.

Answer:

the answer is c

Explantation:

Final answer:

The source of nutrients for an autotroph is c) inorganic substances. Autotrophs, including plants and some bacteria, utilize inorganic molecules to create their own food through processes such as photosynthesis and chemosynthesis.

Explanation:

The source of nutrients for an autotroph is C. Inorganic substances. Autotrophs are organisms that can produce their own food using inorganic molecules, unlike heterotrophs, which require organic compounds for nutrition. Autotrophic organisms, such as plants and certain bacteria, convert inorganic carbon dioxide into organic carbon compounds through processes like photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. For instance, chemoautotrophs use inorganic molecules as a source of energy, with specific bacteria and archaea being examples of this group. Similarly, the primary producers in an ocean grazing food web, such as phytoplankton, utilize inorganic nutrients from their surroundings to produce organic matter.

Answer:

A dominant trait can be described as a trait that suppresses the effect of a recessive trait. A recessive trait gets masked by a dominant trait.

In the scenario depicted in the question, there will be no chance that the offspring produced will carry the recessive trait of the mother. And there will be no chance that any of the offspring born will be homozygous for the trait. All of the offsprings produced from this cross will be heterozygous dominant.

Answer:

a Anaphase I

b Metaphase I

c Telophase I

d Anaphase II

e Prophase I

f Telophase II

Explanation:

Prophase I begins after the DNA has been duplicated, as shown in picture e. The chromosomes are condensed, and also visible, which is apparent in picture e.

The next stage is called Metaphase I, in which the pairs of homologous chromosomes align at The the centre of the cell and the spindle fibres attach, as shown in picture b.

The pairs of chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell by the spindle fibres., as shown in picture a. This stage is called Anaphase I.

Then, a process called Telophase I occurs, when the cell divides into two daughter cells. One of these cells is shown in picture c.

Picture d shows the stage Anaphase II, where the spindle has attached and the chromatids are pulled to the opposite poles of the cell.

The final picture left is picture f, which shows the daughter cell at the end of meiosis II, where the nuclear envelope is reforming, as in telophase II.